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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Development And Analysis Of A Closed System Of Vitrification For Mammalian Embryos, Jennifer Graves-Herring
The Development And Analysis Of A Closed System Of Vitrification For Mammalian Embryos, Jennifer Graves-Herring
All Dissertations
Embryo cryopreservation is an integral part of assisted reproduction because it allows for future use of these embryos. Cryopreservation occurs when there are supernumerary embryos or when an embryo transfer cannot be performed.
There are two main methods to cryopreserve embryos. The most recent is vitrification, which uses high concentrations of cryoprotectants, a short time to cool and avoids ice crystals. The 'gold standard' is the slow-cool method, which uses low concentrations of cryoprotectants, a long time to cool embryos and produces extracellular ice crystals.
Prior to introducing vitrification as part of the human cryopreservation regime, it is important that …
Novel Xanthine And Oxanine Dna Glycosylase Activities In Yeast And Mammalian Systems, Liang Dong
Novel Xanthine And Oxanine Dna Glycosylase Activities In Yeast And Mammalian Systems, Liang Dong
All Dissertations
DNA that stores genetic information is frequently damaged in cells. The DNA bases carrying an exocyclic amino group [adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C)] encounter deamination even under physiological conditions. Xanthine (X) and the newly discovered oxanine (O) are derived from deamination of guanine; they are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic lesions. However, in yeast and eukaryotes, studies on the enzymatic repair of these lesions are limited.
In the yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe thymine-DNA glycosylase (Spo TDG) is homologous to human thymine-DNA glycosylase (hTDG), an enzyme that removes thymine from T/G pair. It was reported that Spo TDG contains uracil DNA glycosylase …
Topographic Analysis And Predictive Modeling Using Geographic Information Systems, Steven Hall
Topographic Analysis And Predictive Modeling Using Geographic Information Systems, Steven Hall
All Dissertations
This dissertation describes three GIS models developed to better model topographic features and the occurrence of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The first study presented 'A LiDAR based GIS model to calculate Terrain Shape Index on a landscape scale', attempts to develop a GIS based model to calculate the Terrain Shape Index (TSI). TSI is typically collected in the field using a series of elevation measurements to determine the average elevation change within the study plot. In this study, a GIS model is developed and TSI values compared to those collected using conventional methods. The second …
Trapping Small Hive Beetles, Aethina Tumida Murray, Inside Honey Bee Colonies, Maxcy Nolan Iv
Trapping Small Hive Beetles, Aethina Tumida Murray, Inside Honey Bee Colonies, Maxcy Nolan Iv
All Theses
The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is an economically important honey bee pest, particularly in the southeastern United States. One method of controlling this pest is the use of an in-hive trap. Many different attractants have been developed and are used in such traps. Part one of my thesis involved testing a new attractant, a pollen substitute inoculated with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (NRRL Y-30722). Thirty-two test colonies were established with 0.9-kg (2-lb) packages of bees with queens. Eight colonies were placed in each apiary, and colonies received one of three treatments: 1) yeast-based attractant 2) apple …
Biology And Ecology Of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri), Prashant Jha
Biology And Ecology Of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri), Prashant Jha
All Dissertations
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a troublesome weed of crops in southeastern United States. This research highlights studies on the biology and ecology of Palmer amaranth. Following dispersal in fall, Palmer amaranth seeds require high mean temperatures of 25 to 40 C for germination, which is not likely to occur in South Carolina until the following spring. With dormancy reduction over winter, seeds can germinate at high temperatures (≥25 C) and thermal amplitudes of 15 C during late spring (May) in the presence of light. A majority (>90%) of the non-dormant population in the soil seedbank emerge …
Wild Pig Habitat Use, Substrate Disturbance, And Understory Vegetation At Congaree National Park, Scott Zengel
Wild Pig Habitat Use, Substrate Disturbance, And Understory Vegetation At Congaree National Park, Scott Zengel
All Dissertations
Substrate disturbance by wild pigs ( Sus scrofa L.), mainly wild pig rooting, was evaluated bi&ndashmonthly over three years in fixed 1,000 m2 plots at Congaree National Park, South Carolina, USA. The study compared hog substrate disturbance among four habitats: three mature wetland floodplain forest types (mixed bottomland hardwoods, cypress&ndashtupelo swamp, seepage floodplain forest), and successional upland pine flatwoods adjacent to the floodplain (including former pine plantation). New disturbance included fresh signs of hog substrate disturbance. Total disturbance included both new and older hog disturbance still visible on the landscape (equivalent to all disturbance that would be recorded under less …
Dwarfing Mechanisms Of Prunus Species As Interstems And Rootstocks On Peach [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] Tree Vegetative Growth And Physiology, Antonio Weibel
Dwarfing Mechanisms Of Prunus Species As Interstems And Rootstocks On Peach [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] Tree Vegetative Growth And Physiology, Antonio Weibel
All Dissertations
The use of small trees in orchard systems reduces manual labor (pruning, thinning and harvesting), and induces precocity, thus making high-density plantations economically advantageous, which has elicited an interest in size-controlling rootstocks. However, the mechanisms involved in the reduction of scion growth by the rootstock are not well understood. The main objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the dwarfing mechanism induced by size-controlling peach rootstocks. The relationship among different rootstocks (dwarfing to invigorating range) as to stored carbohydrates, tree water status, and interstem and grafting height was evaluated on young and mature `Redhaven' and `Redtop' …
Characterization Of Bioactive Phytochemicals From The Stem Bark Of African Mahogany Khaya Senegalensis (Meliaceae), Huaping Zhang
Characterization Of Bioactive Phytochemicals From The Stem Bark Of African Mahogany Khaya Senegalensis (Meliaceae), Huaping Zhang
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT
African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a large tree growing mainly in the sub-Saharan savannah forests from Senegal to Uganda. This plant is one of the most popular medicinal meliaceous plants in traditional African remedies, used as a bitter tonic, folk and popular medicine against malaria, fever, mucous diarrhea, and venereal diseases as well as an anthelmintic and a taeniacide remedy. Its extracts and chemical constituents have been the subject of extensive phytochemical and pharmacological investigations since 1960s. Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, and antiplasmodial activities of plant extracts have been reported. Limonoids with anti-feeding, feeding deterrent and …
Optimization Of Biodiesel Production From Crude Cottonseed Oil And Waste Vegetable Oil:Conventional And Ultrasonic Irradiation Methods, Xiaohu Fan
All Dissertations
Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with simple alcohols, has attracted more and more attention recently. As a cleaner burning diesel alternative, biodiesel has many attractive features including: biodegradability, nontoxicity, renewability and low emission profiles.
Although cottonseed oil was the first commercial cooking oil in the U.S, it has progressively lost its market share to some vegetable oils that have larger production and less cost. However, regarding the active researches on biodiesel production from vegetable oils, there is a promising prospective for the cottonseed oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production, which may enhance the …
Biodiversity Of Supplemental Wildlife Plantings And Thinned And Burned Pine Habitats In South Carolina, Marguerite Porter
Biodiversity Of Supplemental Wildlife Plantings And Thinned And Burned Pine Habitats In South Carolina, Marguerite Porter
All Theses
Biodiversity conservation is currently an important focus for forest and wildlife management. The overall objective of this study was to compare the diversity of invertebrates and vegetation in white-tailed deer food plots and natural forage areas for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as indicators of biodiversity. Invertebrates were chosen as the bio-indicator due to their magnitude of contribution to the biodiversity in an ecosystem (Anderson, et al., 2004), ease of capture, and sensitivity to changes in vegetative structure and quality (Hartley, et al., 2007). This study utilized five thinned and burned forested pine sites, five perennial cool-season food plots, and five …
Fuel Dynamics Across Southern Appalachian Landscapes, Horace Gambrell
Fuel Dynamics Across Southern Appalachian Landscapes, Horace Gambrell
All Theses
Although there have been several individual studies measuring hardwood fuels, across the central Hardwood Region and southern Appalachian Mountains, little is known of how hardwood fuels are distributed across the landscape. Understanding this distribution is essential for fire management planning. Previous studies suggest that the decay rate of litter and fine woody fuel is greater on mesic sites as compared to dryer sites. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, northeast facing slopes and protected bottoms are generally the more mesic sites, while southwest facing slopes and exposed ridge tops receive sunlight for longer periods and should be more xeric.
The objectives …
Laboratory Study Of Responses Of Anuran Amphibians To Roundup¨ Exposures: Experimental Design And Role Of Sediment, Latice Fuentes
Laboratory Study Of Responses Of Anuran Amphibians To Roundup¨ Exposures: Experimental Design And Role Of Sediment, Latice Fuentes
All Theses
The contribution of incidental exposures of Roundup¨ herbicide to amphibian declines can be evaluated with carefully designed laboratory tests. Sensitive, sentinel species of larval anurans were exposed to two formulations: the original formulation of Roundup¨ and Roundup WeatherMax¨ in 96-hour acute, aqueous and water-sediment tests. An experimental design was developed that considered and held constant relevant laboratory conditions which produced precise, replicable data. Experimental design factors decreased variability and increased precision by considering and incorporating the following: 1) range-finding tests; 2) reference toxicity tests; 3) the relative sensitivity of the species tested; 4) differences in formulation; 5) the number of …
Examination Of Pre-Diabetes And Diabetes Perceptions And Knowledge Using Focus Groups, Caroline Carter
Examination Of Pre-Diabetes And Diabetes Perceptions And Knowledge Using Focus Groups, Caroline Carter
All Theses
A review of worksite interventions revealed the scarcity of worksite interventions for the prevention of chronic diseases for which research data has been collected. Pre-diabetes is a condition that has been identified as an emerging chronic disease threat which is deserving of immediate attention as it precedes type 2 diabetes and it is becoming more common in the United States. The number of individuals with pre-diabetes has been estimated to be 54 million. As the worksite setting provides easy access to a large adult population it was chosen for this research study. A thorough review of prior worksite interventions was …
Three Dimensional Visualization Of Fire Spreading Over Forest Landscapes, Brian Williams
Three Dimensional Visualization Of Fire Spreading Over Forest Landscapes, Brian Williams
All Theses
Previous studies in fire visualization have required high end computer hardware and specialized technical skills. This study demonstrated fire visualization is possible using Visual Nature Studio and standard computer hardware. Elevation and vegetation data were used to create a representation of the New Jersey pine barren environment and a forest compartment within Hobcaw Barony. Photographic images were edited to use as image object models for forest vegetation. The FARSITE fire behavioral model was used to model a fire typical of that area. Output from FARSITE was used to visualize the fire with tree models edited to simulate burning and flame …
Comparison Of Caddisfly Species (Insecta:Trichoptera) In The Northern Saluda Watershed Over A Thirty-Seven Year Period, In Correlation With Land Development And Use., Michael Biondi
All Theses
Land use and development in South Carolina has greatly increased in the last 50 years. This study focused on land cover change in Northern Pickens County and changes in caddisfly populations at three sites in three sub-watersheds in the South Saluda River watershed. I collected caddisflies from March 31 to October 20 in 2005 and 2006 and compared them to collections performed at the same sites in the same manner in 1969 by John C. Morse for his Master's thesis. I used a geographic information system to assess the land cover change over this thirty-seven year period and correlated the …
The Inheritance Of Morphological And Behavioral Differences In The Mating Signals Of Sailfin And Shortfin Mollies, Stephanie Loveless
The Inheritance Of Morphological And Behavioral Differences In The Mating Signals Of Sailfin And Shortfin Mollies, Stephanie Loveless
All Theses
Changes in mating signals often result in the development of new species, thus, understanding the genetic basis of traits that confer pre-mating reproductive isolation can shed light on the speciation process. This study used interspecific hybridization between poeciliid fish, a sailfin molly (Poecilia velifera) and a shortfin molly (P. mexicana), to generate reciprocal F1 and backcross hybrids to investigate patterns of inheritance of traits that contribute to mating signal differences between these two groups of mollies. The first part of my study focused on behavioral differences in the mating system of sailfin and shortfin mollies. I observed mating behaviors of …
Identifying The Cis-Acting Sugar Response Elements That Facilitate Glucose Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Frank Barretta, Jr.
Identifying The Cis-Acting Sugar Response Elements That Facilitate Glucose Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Frank Barretta, Jr.
All Theses
Identifying the initial sugar sensing and response activating mechanisms in plants has been difficult due to the dual functions of sugars as nutrients and as signaling molecules. In this study, we have examined transcript expression and promoter features of different genes encoding proteins for actin remodeling that have been implicated as targets of plant glucose signaling. Using Reverse Transcription PCR analysis, we confirmed that expression of two actin-associated genes, actin depolymerizing factor 9 (ADF9) and actin related protein 8 (ARP8), are repressed following a short-term glucose treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Glucose did not repress the expression of other ADF …
Laboratory Studies Of Responses Of Anuran Amphibians To Roundup Exposures: Reference Toxicant And Components, Lindsay Moore
Laboratory Studies Of Responses Of Anuran Amphibians To Roundup Exposures: Reference Toxicant And Components, Lindsay Moore
All Theses
Roundup¨ has been implicated as a possible cause for the declining amphibian populations in North America. Carefully designed laboratory toxicity tests are crucial for accurate risk assessment of the responses of anuran populations to incidental exposures of Roundup¨ herbicides. The overall objective of these studies was to determine the response of North American anuran species to exposures of Roundup¨ formulations and components to support or refute the claim that Roundup¨ is a factor in amphibian decline in North America. Aqueous 96 hour static non-renewal laboratory tests were utilized to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of copper sulfate as a reference toxicant …
Revision Of East Palearctic Apatania (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), Suvdtsetseg Chuluunbat
Revision Of East Palearctic Apatania (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), Suvdtsetseg Chuluunbat
All Theses
The East Palearctic genus Apatania Kolenati includes 34 species. Thirty-two of these have been described as adults and the other 2 are known only in the larval life stage. Immature stages of most species are not yet known.
A morphological study of these species suggested that 2 of the nominal species are synonyms of other species, reducing the number of valid East Palearctic Apatania species to 30. A phylogeny and classification of the reviewed 30 species is provided for this work. My work does not support Schmid's (1953) groupings of Apatania species. Although recognition of homologues was problematic among the …
A Microbiological Survey And Characterization, Andrew Daane
A Microbiological Survey And Characterization, Andrew Daane
All Theses
In our study, two dairy compost heaps and one vegetable scrap compost heap were constructed on two research farms in Clemson, SC. Samples were taken from each heap from different locations at 8 elected intervals and analyzed for enterococci and VRE counts by spread plating on Bile Esculin agar (BEA) and BEA containing 6 g/ml of vancomycin, respectively. The initial populations of enterococci and VRE in compost were in the range of 6.46-7.43 and 5.36-6.70 log CFU/g, respectively. After 30 days of active composting the average VRE populations declined ca. 4.6, 4.07, 3.97 and 1.6 logs at the top, center, …
Infestation Of Tsuga Canadensis And Tsuga Caroliniana To Hemlock Woolly Adelgid And Possible Insecticidal Management Strategies, Mark Faulkenberry
Infestation Of Tsuga Canadensis And Tsuga Caroliniana To Hemlock Woolly Adelgid And Possible Insecticidal Management Strategies, Mark Faulkenberry
All Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the development rates of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) infestations on sites containing primarily eastern hemlock, sites that contained predominantly Carolina hemlock, and sites where the two species occurred together, and to quantify the relationship between HWA density and canopy thinning in hemlocks. The study was conducted at 11 sites in DuPont State Forest near Brevard, NC, one site in nearby Caesar's Head State Park, Cleveland, SC, and one site near Whiteside Mountain, near Highlands, NC. In the second year of the study, one of the three Carolina hemlock sites was treated with …
Utilizing Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification To Detect Novel X-Linked Microduplications Which Cause Intellectual Disability, Dianne Cohn
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT
A number of conditions related to X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID) are in part due to microduplications that are not visible cytogenetically. With the focus on Rho, Ras and Rab genes, a family of genes known to be associated with intellectual disabilities, were screened for dosage aberrations (Leeuwen, F. N. 1997), (Ng, E. L. 2008), (Gissen, P. 2007), (Gurkan, C. 2005). Cohorts of intellectually disabled ID individuals were explored with new technologies. These new technologies include comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) (Madrigal, I. 2007), (Hermsen, M. A. 2005), (Morey, J. S. …
Dna Deamination Repair Enzymes In Bacterial And Human Systems, Rongjuan Mi
Dna Deamination Repair Enzymes In Bacterial And Human Systems, Rongjuan Mi
All Dissertations
DNA repair enzymes and pathways are diverse and critical for living cells to maintain correct genetic information. Single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase (SMUG1) belongs to Family 3 of the uracil DNA glycosylase superfamily. We report that a bacterial SMUG1 ortholog in Geobacter metallireducens (Gme) and the human SMUG1 enzyme are not only uracil DNA glycosylases (UDG), but also xanthine DNA glycosylases (XDG). Mutations at M57 (M57L) and H210 (H210G, H210M, H210N) can cause substantial reductions in XDG and UDG activities. Increased selectivity is achieved in the A214R mutant of Gme SMUG1 and G60Y completely abolishes XDG and UDG activity. Most …
Functional Characterization Of Hexokinase-Like 1 (Hkl1) From Arabidopsis Thaliana, Abhijit Karve
Functional Characterization Of Hexokinase-Like 1 (Hkl1) From Arabidopsis Thaliana, Abhijit Karve
All Dissertations
Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (AtHXK1) is a moonlighting protein with roles in both glucose signaling and catalysis. In this study, we first cloned and characterized the six HXK related genes from Arabidopsis. Three of the six encoded proteins were shown not to phosphorylate hexoses and thus, are designated as hexokinase-like (HKL) proteins. Though they are only 50% identical to HXK1, the amino acid sequences of HKL1 and HKL2 both have well conserved glucose binding domains and other recognized structural elements. The possible basis for their lack of catalytic activity was further probed by site-directed mutagenesis and ultimately was attributed to a suite …
What Explains The Incidence Of The Use Of A Mandated Erosion And Sediment Control At Residential Lots With Houses Under Construction?, Scott Templeton, Liv M. Haselbach
What Explains The Incidence Of The Use Of A Mandated Erosion And Sediment Control At Residential Lots With Houses Under Construction?, Scott Templeton, Liv M. Haselbach
S.C. Water Resources Conference
To analyze infrequent compliance with regulation of stormwater discharge, we estimate a random-cost model of the use of silt fence on a single-family lot under construction in an urbanizing county of the Southeast. The probability of silt-fence use increases if the original developer still owns the lot, a home owners association exists in the subdivision, or the neighborhood has a multi-family dwelling. The probability decreases as the mean cost of the lots and houses being built increase, heated floor space decreases, or the share of lots under construction decreases. These results can help county officials to target inspection where non-compliance …
The Lake Marion Regional Water System: Planning A Regional Water System To Spur Economic Development, Andrew S. Vane
The Lake Marion Regional Water System: Planning A Regional Water System To Spur Economic Development, Andrew S. Vane
S.C. Water Resources Conference
No abstract provided.
Relationships Between Metal Contamination In Wadable Streams In South Carolina And Land Use Charateristics, Alan J. Jones, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Stephen J. Klaine, Mark C. Scott
Relationships Between Metal Contamination In Wadable Streams In South Carolina And Land Use Charateristics, Alan J. Jones, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Stephen J. Klaine, Mark C. Scott
S.C. Water Resources Conference
2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Region
Study Of The Science, Economics, And Perceptions Related To Implementation Of Traditional And Innovative Stormwater Best Management Practices In Coastal South Carolina, John P. Martin, Dan Tufford, Braxton Davis, Dwayne Porter
Study Of The Science, Economics, And Perceptions Related To Implementation Of Traditional And Innovative Stormwater Best Management Practices In Coastal South Carolina, John P. Martin, Dan Tufford, Braxton Davis, Dwayne Porter
S.C. Water Resources Conference
2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Region
Dirt For Sale: Constructing The Landscape Of The New American South, Robert Silance
Dirt For Sale: Constructing The Landscape Of The New American South, Robert Silance
S.C. Water Resources Conference
2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Region
Groundwater Dynamics In A Tidal Salt Marsh: A Combined Field And Modeling Study North Inlet, Georgetown, South Carolina, Andrea L. Hougham, Alicia M. Wilson
Groundwater Dynamics In A Tidal Salt Marsh: A Combined Field And Modeling Study North Inlet, Georgetown, South Carolina, Andrea L. Hougham, Alicia M. Wilson
S.C. Water Resources Conference
2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Region