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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Role Of Natural And Sexual Selection In The Origin And Maintenance Of Divergence Within And Between The Mexican Sailfin Mollies, Poecilia Velifera And P. Petenensis, Shala Hankison
All Dissertations
Understanding speciation remains a holy grail of evolutionary biology. One useful approach is studying the evolutionary mechanisms important in population divergence to infer the mechanisms important in speciation. This method is especially useful when closely related species can be compared to determine whether intraspecific differences parallel interspecific differences. I studied population divergence in two species of Mexican sailfin mollies, Poecilia velifera and P. petenensis. These closely related species are particularly useful for this type of study, as they live in habitats that may differ in the importance of natural selection. In addition, these species may differ in the importance …
Post-Miocene Expansion, Colonization, And Host Switching Drove Speciation Among Extant Nematodes Of The Archaic Genus Trichinella, D. S. Zarlenga, B. M. Rosenthal, G. Larosa, E. Pozio, Eric P. Hoberg
Post-Miocene Expansion, Colonization, And Host Switching Drove Speciation Among Extant Nematodes Of The Archaic Genus Trichinella, D. S. Zarlenga, B. M. Rosenthal, G. Larosa, E. Pozio, Eric P. Hoberg
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella cause significant food-borne illness and occupy a unique evolutionary position at the base of the phylum Nematoda, unlike the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the forthcoming genome sequence of Trichinella spiralis can provide invaluable comparative information about nematode biology, a basic framework for understanding the history of the genus Trichinella is needed to maximize its utility. We therefore developed the first robust and comprehensive analysis of the phylogeny and biogeographic history of Trichinella using the variation in three genes (nuclear small-subunit rDNA, and second internal transcribed spacer, mitochondrial large-subunit rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase …
Historical Biogeography Of North American Nightsnakes And Their Relationships Among The Dipsadines: Evidence For Vicariance Associated With Miocene Formations Of Northwestern Mexico, Daniel G. Mulcahy
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
I used a hierarchical approach to study historical biogeography in a group of colubrid snakes found in western North America. I combined small regions of mtDNA sequence data from a large number of individuals, with complete mt-genomic data. First, I investigated the relationships among leptodeirines—a presumed subgroup of dipsadines, including nightsnakes (Pseudoleptodeira, Eridiphas, and Hypsiglena)—using ~1.5 kb of data (cob and nad4). The relationships differed among parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. All analyses supported the monophyly of the nightsnakes; however, none supported the monophyly of the leptodeirines. Instead, these data supported a new hypothesis …
Phylogenetic Analyses And Biogeography Of Trilliaceae, Susan B. Farmer
Phylogenetic Analyses And Biogeography Of Trilliaceae, Susan B. Farmer
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Trilliaceae are plants of North Temperate forests with a holarctic distribution and a high degree of endemism. Molecular phylogenetic analyses are presented in order to examine the tribal, generic, and species-level classification of the family. These molecular studies, and earlier morphological studies, support the placement of the genus Pseudotrillium as basal in the family and sister to the tribes Trillieae and Parideae, which are monophyletic sister groups. Trillidium (Trillium) govanianum provides an unresolved problem: morphologically it is included within Parideae, but molecular data place it within Trillium as sister to T. undulatum. Within tribe Trillieae, clades are …
The Evolutionary And Biogeographic Origin And Diversification Of The Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales, W. John Kress, Chelsea D. Specht
The Evolutionary And Biogeographic Origin And Diversification Of The Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales, W. John Kress, Chelsea D. Specht
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Zingiberales are a primarily tropical lineage of monocots. The current pantropical distribution of the order suggests an historical Gondwanan distribution, however the evolutionary history of the group has never been analyzed in a temporal context to test if the order is old enough to attribute its current distribution to vicariance mediated by the break-up of the supercontinent. Based on a phylogeny derived from morphological and molecular characters, we develop a hypothesis for the spatial and temporal evolution of Zingiberales using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) combined with a local molecular clock technique that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple gene loci with …
Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort
Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
With the objective of clarifying some aspects of the biogeography, phylogeny, and taxonomy of the genus Androcymbium, we sequenced three chloroplastic DNA noncoding regions (trnL intron, trnL-trnF IGS, and trnY-trnD IGS). These data were analyzed with maximum parsimony and the ancestral areas methods following Bremer. Results show that Androcymbium is not monophyletic and that the origin of its distribution and speciation is situated in western South Africa. Later, it dispersed to North Africa, going first to eastern South Africa. Androcymbium austrocapense and A. roseum allow us to phylogenetically connect the species of …
Gondwanan Origin Of Major Monocot Groups Inferred From Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis, Kåre Bremer, Thomas Janssen
Gondwanan Origin Of Major Monocot Groups Inferred From Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis, Kåre Bremer, Thomas Janssen
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Historical biogeography of major monocot groups was investigated by biogeographical analysis of a dated phylogeny including 79 of the 81 monocot families using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (APG II) classification. Five major areas were used to describe the family distributions: Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa including Madagascar, and Australasia including New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. In order to investigate the possible correspondence with continental breakup, the tree with its terminal distributions was fitted to the geological area cladogram ((Eurasia, North America), (Africa, (South America, Australasia)) and to alternative area cladograms using the TreeFitter program. The results …
Invasive Insect Abundance Varies Across The Biogeographic Distribution Of A Native Host Plant, Tatyana A. Rand, Svata M. Louda
Invasive Insect Abundance Varies Across The Biogeographic Distribution Of A Native Host Plant, Tatyana A. Rand, Svata M. Louda
Svata M. Louda Publications
Studies of biogeographic variation in species abundances are fundamental to understanding and predicting the impacts of invasive exotic species. We quantified the abundance of the introduced and now invasive biocontrol weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, on a newly adopted native host plant, Cirsium canescens (Platte thistle), across the plant’s distributional range. We used regression and structural equation analyses to examine variation in weevil abundance at 92–108 sites over three years in relation to variation in abiotic and biotic parameters hypothesized to be important in insect or plant dynamics and distribution. We found that R. conicus now occurs throughout the majority of …
Assembly Of The Eastern North American Herpetofauna: New Evidence From Lizards And Frogs, J. Robert Macy, James A. Schulte Ii, Jared L. Strasburg, Jennifer A. Brisson, Allan Larson, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Yuezhao Wang, James F. Parham, Theodore J. Papenfuss
Assembly Of The Eastern North American Herpetofauna: New Evidence From Lizards And Frogs, J. Robert Macy, James A. Schulte Ii, Jared L. Strasburg, Jennifer A. Brisson, Allan Larson, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Yuezhao Wang, James F. Parham, Theodore J. Papenfuss
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Darwin first recognized the importance of episodic intercontinental dispersal in the establishment of worldwide biotic diversity. Faunal exchange across the Bering Land Bridge is a major example of such dispersal. Here, we demonstrate with mitochondrial DNA evidence that three independent dispersal events from Asia to North America are the source for almost all lizard taxa found in continental eastern North America. Two other dispersal events across Beringia account for observed diversity among North American ranid frogs, one of the most species-rich groups of frogs in eastern North America. The contribution of faunal elements from Asia via dispersal across Beringia is …
Invasive Insect Abundance Varies Across The Biogeographic Distribution Of A Native Host Plant, Tatyana A. Rand, Svata M. Louda
Invasive Insect Abundance Varies Across The Biogeographic Distribution Of A Native Host Plant, Tatyana A. Rand, Svata M. Louda
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Studies of biogeographic variation in species abundances are fundamental to understanding and predicting the impacts of invasive exotic species. We quantified the abundance of the introduced and now invasive biocontrol weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, on a newly adopted native host plant, Cirsium canescens (Platte thistle), across the plant’s distributional range. We used regression and structural equation analyses to examine variation in weevil abundance at 92–108 sites over three years in relation to variation in abiotic and biotic parameters hypothesized to be important in insect or plant dynamics and distribution. We found that R. conicus now occurs throughout the majority of …
Floristic Diversity And Phytogeography Of The Gebel Elba National Park, South-East Egypt, Monier M. Abd El-Ghani, Kadry N. Abdel-Khalik
Floristic Diversity And Phytogeography Of The Gebel Elba National Park, South-East Egypt, Monier M. Abd El-Ghani, Kadry N. Abdel-Khalik
Turkish Journal of Botany
The floristic composition and phytogeographical analysis of the Gebel Elba National Park in the south-east corner of Egypt were studied using multivariate analysis techniques. Its flora was poorly documented; therefore, 5 recent expeditions between 1998 and 2004 were carried out, which resulted in the collection of 179 species that belong to 51 families. Six major wadis (sites) were investigated to cover adequately the territory of the Park (35,600 km2) and to attain as complete an inventory of its vascular flora as possible. The floristic composition and species diversity among the wadis showed variations in species richness, yet W. Yahameib was …