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2002

Obesity

Articles 1 - 6 of 6

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Diet, Obesity And Reflux In The Etiology Of Adenocarcinomas Of The Esophagus And Gastric Cardia In Humans, Susan Mayne, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera Nov 2002

Diet, Obesity And Reflux In The Etiology Of Adenocarcinomas Of The Esophagus And Gastric Cardia In Humans, Susan Mayne, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Incidence rates for esophageal adenocarcinoma have increased >350% since the mid-1970s. Rates for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma have also increased, although less steeply. This led to the initiation of large population-based case-control studies, particularly in the United States and Sweden, aimed at identifying risk factors for these cancers. Results have been emerging from these studies, with the consistent finding that obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease are important risk factors for these cancers. Analyses of dietary factors are also available and indicate that diets high in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of these cancers, whereas …

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Combining Behavioral And Pharmacological Treatments For Obesity, Suzanne Phelan, Thomas A. Wadden Jun 2002

Combining Behavioral And Pharmacological Treatments For Obesity, Suzanne Phelan, Thomas A. Wadden

Kinesiology and Public Health

Weight-loss medications are currently recommended for use only as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and behavior modification. Little, however, is known about the benefits of combining behavioral and pharmacological therapies or about the mechanisms that would make these combined approaches more effective than either used alone. This article reviews the effects of adding pharmacotherapy (i.e., principally sibutramine and orlistat) to a modest program of lifestyle modification. Studies revealed that the addition of medication typically improved short- and long-term weight loss compared with lifestyle modification alone. The best results, however, were obtained when medications were combined with an intensive, group program …

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The Obesity Epidemic: Characteristics Of Successful Weight Management Programs And Colorado's Approach, Michele Singer May 2002

The Obesity Epidemic: Characteristics Of Successful Weight Management Programs And Colorado's Approach, Michele Singer

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Obesity is rapidly growing in the United States with no sign of decreasing with current treatment options available to Americans (1). There are many treatments for obesity, but few are effective. The State of Colorado has numerous community nutrition programs available to its residents ranging from government programs such as universities and state health departments to healthcare providers and volunteer organizations such as the American Heart Association. Current treatments that are available for overweight and obese individuals include commercial programs, popular diet books, Internet programs, and individualized counseling. This paper will discuss different treatments and their efficacy, successful weight loss …

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Fear Of Fatness Among Young Irish Adolescents : Association With Obesity, Reported Iron And Folate Intake, And Dental Health, Anne C. Griffin Jan 2002

Fear Of Fatness Among Young Irish Adolescents : Association With Obesity, Reported Iron And Folate Intake, And Dental Health, Anne C. Griffin

Doctoral

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of fear of fatness (the desire to be thinner) and associated factors, including obesity, reported energy, iron and folate intakes. The difficulties in defining overweight among Irish children and an assessment of dietary and socio-economic factors related to dental caries and also reported in the group. METHODS: A one-year follow up study of 251 healthy schoolchildren at baseline (119 boys and 132 girls; mean age 11 years) attending 7 fee-paying (6 single- and 1-mixed sex) and 8 non-fee-paying (4 single- and 4 mixed-sex) schools in Dublin city center. Assessment of body image perceptions and satisfaction …

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Uncoupling Proteins And Energy Expenditure In Mice Divergently Selected For Heat Loss, T. G. Mcdaneld, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess Miner Jan 2002

Uncoupling Proteins And Energy Expenditure In Mice Divergently Selected For Heat Loss, T. G. Mcdaneld, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Jess Miner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in energy expenditure created by selection on heat loss is mediated by uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue. Divergent selection for heat loss developed lines of mice with high (MH) and low (ML) maintenance energy expenditure. Concentration of UCP1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was 93% greater in ML than in MH mice (P < 0.02). Two new lines of mice, KH and KL, were bred by backcrossing a UCP1 knockout gene into the MH and ML lines, respectively; KH and KL with both knockout (−/−) and wild type (+/+) UCP1 genotypes were generated. At 13 wk of age, KH mice exhibited greater heat loss (166 kcal∙kg0.75∙d−1) than KL mice (126.4 kcal∙ kg0.75∙d−1) regardless of the UCP1 knockout (P < 0.0001). Concentration of UCP2 mRNA in BAT was 74% greater in UCP1 knockout mice (−/−) than in wild type (+/+; P = 0.0001). We conclude that response to selection for increased energy expenditure was not mediated by increased expression or function of UCP1.

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Fat In Food And The Obesity Epidemic, Linda C. Tapsell Jan 2002

Fat In Food And The Obesity Epidemic, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dietary fat is strongly implicated in the development of insulin resistance and obesity, both major public health problems today. While the amount of dietary fat is relevant, the type of fat is important in fuel utilisation, storage and appetite regulatory mechanisms. Human calorimetry research confirms the importance of dietary fat in energy balance, but more work needs to be done to uncover the impact of type of dietary fat in weight control. Population and intervention research confirm the importance of fat in dietary interventions, bearing in mind the contribution of physical activity to energy balance. The food industry has an …

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