Life Sciences Commons^™

Fully Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts Of The Eriophyid Mite-Transmitted Wheat Streak Mosaic Tritimovirus, Il-Ryong Choi, Roy C. French, Gary L. Hein, Drake C. Stenger

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Infectious RNA of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has been produced using a full-length cDNA clone as a template for in vitro transcription with SP6 RNA polymerase. Infectivity was dependent on the use of template plasmid DNA that had not undergone spontaneous rearrangement during amplification in Escherichia coli. The presence of WSMV in systemically infected wheat plants inoculated with in vitro transcripts was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of the WSMV P3 gene and by accumulation of WSMV coat protein as detected by immunoblotting. Maintenance of the full-length WSMV cDNA in the high copy number plasmid pUC18 was problematic …

Biological Control Of Bipolaris Sorokiniana On Tall Fescue By Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strain C3, Z. Zhang, G. Y. Yuen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain C3 was evaluated for control of leaf spot on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. In growth chamber experiments, C3 inhibited conidial germination on leaf surfaces and reduced lesion frequency and percent diseased leaf area compared with nontreated controls. The amount of leaf spot suppression was related to the C3 dose applied. The highest dose tested, 10⁹ CFU/ml, prevented nearly all B. sorokiniana conidia from germinating on treated leaf surfaces and provided nearly complete suppression of lesion development. When colloidal chitin was added to C3 cell suspensions of 10⁷ or …

The Avr (Effector) Proteins Hrma (Hoppsya) And Avrpto Are Secreted In Culture From Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars Via The Hrp (Type Iii) Protein Secretion System In A Temperature- And Ph-Sensitive Manner, Karin V. Van Dijk, Derrick E. Fouts, Amos H. Rehm, Angela R. Hill, Alan Collmer, James R. Alfano

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

We present here data showing that the Avr proteins HrmA and AvrPto are secreted in culture via the native Hrp pathways from Pseudomonas syringae pathovars that produce these proteins. Moreover, their secretion is strongly affected by the temperature and pH of the culture medium. Both HrmA and AvrPto were secreted at their highest amounts when the temperature was between 18 and 22°C and when the culture medium was pH 6.0. In contrast, temperature did not affect the secretion of HrpZ. pH did affect HrpZ secretion, but not as strongly as it affected the secretion of HrmA. This finding suggests that …

Morphogenesis Is Coordinated With Nuclear Division In Germinating Aspergillus Nidulans Conidiospores, Steven D. Harris

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Germinating Aspergillus nidulans conidiospores switch to polarized apical growth following an initial period of isotropic expansion. At the same time, they re-enter the nuclear division cycle. The relationship between spore polarization and nuclear division was investigated by testing the effect of cell cycle inhibitors and temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutations on spore morphogenesis. On rich media, it was found that spore polarization is delayed if completion of the first mitosis is blocked. The observed delay may be dependent upon the activity of the mitosis-promoting NIMA kinase. An additional mechanism appears to prevent polarization as the spore progresses through its first S …

Dnak And The Heat Stress Response Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Glycinea, Lisa M. W. Keith, James E. Partridge, Carol L. Bender

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The dnaK gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea PG4180 was cloned and sequenced. The dnaK coding region was 1,917 bp and contained a putative O³² heat shock promoter 86 bp upstream of the translational start site. grpE, another heat shock gene, was found immediately upstream of the putative dnaK promoter. The predicted amino acid sequence of dnaK showed relatedness to the ATPase and substrate binding domains commonly found in heat shock proteins, as well as the highly conserved signature sequence motifs belonging to the Hsp70 protein family. Furthermore, the PG4180 dnaK gene complemented an Escherichia coli dnaK mutant …

An Engineered Closterovirus Rna Replicon And Analysis Of Heterologous Terminal Sequences For Replication, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Siddarame Gowda, V. P. Boyko, Maria R. Albiach-Marti, Munir Mawassi, J. Navas-Castillo, Alexander V. Karasev, V. Dolja, Mark E. Hilf, D. J. Lewandowski, P. Moreno, Moshe Bar-Joseph, S. M. Garnsey, William O. Dawson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) populations in citrus trees are unusually complex mixtures of viral genotypes and defective RNAs developed during the long-term vegetative propagation of the virus and by additional mixing by aphid transmission. The viral replication process allows the maintenance of minor amounts of disparate genotypes and defective RNAs in these populations. CTV is a member of the Closteroviridae possessing a positive-stranded RNA genome of ≈20 kilobases that expresses the replicase-associated genes as an ≈400-kDa polyprotein and the remaining 10 3' genes through subgenomic mRNAs. A full-length cDNA clone of CTV was generated from which RNA transcripts capable of …

Novel Application Of Phastsystem Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ± Internal Transcribed Spacer Patterns Of Individuals For Molecular Identification Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Horolma Pamjav, Dimitra Triga, Zsuzsanna Buzµs, Tibor Vellai, Attila Lucskai, Byron Adams, Alexander P. Reid, Ann Burnell, Christine Griffin, Itamar Glazer, Michael G. Klein, Andras Fodor

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A relatively rapid and economic way of identifying and assigning nematodes to taxons, which had already been determined either by comparative sequence analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region or by other methods of molecular or conventional taxonomy, is provided. Molecular identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) can be upgraded by basing it on PhastSystem polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA derived from single nematodes of Steinernema or Heterorhabditis spp. Although analysis from single worms has previously been made on agarose gel, the resolution on PhastSystem PAGE …

Genetic Variation In Geographical Populations Of Western And Mexican Corn Rootworm, A. L. Szalanski, R. L. Roehrdanz, D. B. Taylor, L. Chandler

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation in the nuclear rDNA ITS1 region of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (WCR), and Mexican corn rootworm, D. v. zeae (MCR) was studied. Two sites were detected which differentiated WCR and MCR in the 642-base sequence. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) sequence revealed no variation within or among the twelve WCR and two MCR populations. PCR-RFLP of 75% of the mitochondrial DNA genome detected one significant polymorphic site out of the approximately 190 restriction sizes observed in WCR. The polymorphism did not differentiate geographical populations of …

Proceedings Of The 26th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 20-22, 1999, Robinson, Mississippi), Stephen R. Koenning, John Russin, Peggy S. King

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for the Southern United States during 1998. Phillip W Pratt

Treasurer report. Peggy S King

Contributed paper session

Resistance Ratings for 288 soybean Cultivars to the Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. RT Robbins, L Rakes, and L Jackson

Evaluation of Azoxystrobin on Two Foliar Soybean Diseases in Arkansas. CM Coker

Early Soybean Production System in Missouri: Progress and Potential. JA Wrather, and DA Sleper

A New Phomopsis Disease of Soybeans in Mississippi. GL Sciumbato and BL Keeling

Reaction of Soybean Genotypes to Sudden Death Syndrome. JH Klein, ME Schmidt, RE Whelan, JS Russin, RJ Suttner, …

Crop Updates 1999 - Oilseeds, Paul Carmody, Rick Madin, David Bowran, Martin Barbetti, Ravjit Khangura, Graham Walton, Phil Parker, Francoise Berlandier, Linnet Cartwright, Ping Si, Nick Galwey, David Turner, Wayne Pluske, Roger Jones, Brenda Coutts, Bill Bowden, Isabel Arevalo-Vigne, Jeff Russell, Syed H. Zaheer, Andrew Simon, Art Diggle, Dave Eksteen, Arjen Ryder, Bill Crabtree, Serena Wyatt, Jim Baily

Crop Updates

This article contains eighteen papers

1. INTRODUCTION, Paul Carmody, Agriculture Western Australia

PLENARY SESSION

1. Transgenic canola in Western Australia: Outlook and challenges, Phil Salisbury, University of Melbourne

2. Farming system issues for herbicide tolerant canola, Rick Madin, Rick Madin and Associates, David Bowran, Agriculture Western Australia

3. Beating blackleg in 1999, Martin Barbetti, Ravjit Khangura, Paul Carmody, Graham Walton, Agriculture Western Australia

4. The Mustard Industry in Australia – Opportunities for a new oilseed, Phil Parker, NSW Agriculture

5. Management of blackleg with fungicides, Ravjit Khangura and Martin Barbetti, Agriculture Western Australia

6. Effect of aphid feeding …

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Crop Updates 1999 - Lupins, Greg Shea, Geoff Thomas, Mark Sweetingham, Bill O'Neill, Wallace Cowling, Bevan Buirchell, Hua'an Yang, David Luckett, Allan Brown, John Hamblin, Joanne E. Barton, Kedar Adhikari, Nick Galwey, Miles Dracup, Bob French, Debbie Thackray, Roger Jones, Brenda Coutts, Narelle Reeve, Y. Cheng, R. A.C. Jones, Francoise Berlandier, Linnet Cartwright, James Fisher, Art Diggle, Bill Bowden, Chris Gazey, Luigi Morsechi, Terry Piper, Peter Newman, Dave Nicholsen, Mohammad Amjad, Glen Riethmuller, Ron Javis, Paul Blackwell, C. L. White

Crop Updates

This article contains twenty three papers

1998 LUPIN HIGHLIGHTS

LUPIN ANTHRACNOSE

1. Anthracnose overview, Greg Shea, Geoff Thomas and Mark Sweetingham, Agriculture Western Australia

2. Anthracnose – Critical seed infection levels for resistant and susceptible varieties, Geoff Thomas, Mark Sweetingham, Bill O'Neill and Greg Shea, Agriculture

Western Australia

3. Fungicide seed treatment for anthracnose and brown spot control in lupin, G. Thomas and M. Sweetingham, Agriculture Western Australia

LUPIN BREEDING AND AGRONOMY

4. Anthracnose resistance in lupins – an innovative Australian research effort 1996-1998, Wallace Cowling1'2, Bevan Buirchell_1,2 Mark Sweetinqham_1,2, Hua'an Yang₂, …

Crop Updates 1999 - Cereals, Len W. Broadbridge, Doug Abrecht, D. Bakker, Greg Hamilton, Cliff Spann, Doug Rowe, Peter Fisher, Jennifer Bignell, Matthew Braimbridge, Bill Bowden, Ross Brennan, Reg Lunt, Senthold Asseng, Cherie Rowles, Simon Bedbrook, Chris Gazey, Mike Bolland, Garren Knell, Lyn Abbott, Zed Rengel, Wayne Pluske, Erin Cahill, Bill Crabtree, Matthew Evans, Tim Nielsen, Jat Bhathal, Rob Loughman, D. Rasmussen, Roger Jones, Sean Kelly, Ian Riley, Sharyn Tayor, Vivien Vanstone, Dominie Wright, Debbie Thackray, Simon Mckirdy, George Yan, Robin Wilson, Iain Barclay, Robin Mclean, Dean Diepeveen, Bill Lambe, Wal Anderson, Brenda Shackley, Mechelle Owen, Peter Burgess, Ben Curtis, Mohammed A. Hamza, Jamie Henderson, Frank Boetel, Alfredo Impiglia, Frances Hoyle, Darshan Sharma, Pierre Fievez, Blakely Paynter, Glen Mcdonald, Kevin Young, Andrew Blake, Keith Devenish, Perry Dolling, Roy Latta, Lisa-Jane Blacklow, Chris Matthews, Angelo Loi, Brad Nutt, Rochelle Mcrobb, David Webb, Andrew Mcrobb, Clinton Revell, James Ridsdill-Smith, Celia Pavri, David Tennant, Darryl Mclements, Ross Thompson, Mike Ewing, Tim Woodburn, Paul Yeoh, James Fisher, Art Diggle, Mark Whitten, Andrew Rate, Paul Carlile, Ed Blanchard, Bevan Buirchell, Lorraine Osborne, Tress Walmsley, Terry Piper, Cameron Weeks, Michael Dodd, Amanda Falconer, Caroline Peek, Glenn Adam, Camray Gethin, Richard Guinness, Daniel Fels, Andrew Rintoul, Mal Lamond, Roger Tapp, Craig White

Crop Updates

This article covers sixty papers

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PLENARY PAPERS

1. Western Australia’s climate: trends and opportunities, Len W. Broadbridge, Director, Bureau of Meterorology

2. Managing seasonal variations in agriculture, Dr Doug Abrecht, Director, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin

CROP ESTABLISHMENT

3. Soil management to prevent waterlogging on duplex soils in the Great Southern, D. Bakker, Greg Hamilton, Cliff Spann and Doug Rowe, Agriculture Western Australia

4. The influence of no-till and press wheels on crop production for heavy soils, Peter Fisher, Jennifer Bignell, Matthew Braimbridge, Greg Hamilton, Agriculture

Western Australia

NUTRITION

5. Fertiliser nitrogen, applied late, needs …

Farm Operator Satisfaction With Retail Pesticide Suppliers In The Arkansas Delta, Bruce L. Dixon, Damon Mckelvey, Travis Rogers, Frank L. Farmer, Daniel M. Settlage

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Two hundred ninety farm operators in the three easternmost crop reporting districts in Arkansas responded to a mail survey in November 1996 about their preferences and satisfaction with retail pesticide suppliers.Results show most farmers are quite satisfied with their main retail pesticide supplier, although 55.5% of the farm operators used more than one retail pesticide supplier in 1996. Users of multiple suppliers were less satisfied with their suppliers than those using only one supplier. Availability of certain pesticides was the most frequently mentioned reason for using multiple suppliers. Several attributes were important in selecting the main supplier with reputation being …

Identification And Characterization Of Genes Required For Hyphal Morphogenesis In The Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Steven D. Harris, Amy F. Hofmann, Hugo W. Tedford, Maurice P. Lee

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, germination of an asexual conidiospore results in the formation of a hyphal cell. A key feature of spore germination is the switch from isotropic spore expansion to polarized apical growth. Here, temperature-sensitive mutations are used to characterize the roles of five genes (sepA, hypA, podB–podD) in the establishment and maintenance of hyphal polarity. Evidence that suggests that the hypA, podB, and sepA genes are required for multiple aspects of hyphal morphogenesis is presented. Notably, podB and sepA are needed for organization of the cytoskeleton at sites of …

Colletotrichum Trifolii Mutants Disrupted In The Catalytic Subunit Of Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Are Nonpathogenic, Zhonghui Yang, Martin B. Dickman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Colletotrichum trifolii is the fungal pathogen of alfalfa that causes anthracnose disease. For successful plant infection, this fungus must undergo a series of morphological transitions following conidial attachment, including germination and subsequent differentiation, resulting in appressorium formation. Our previous studies with pharmacological effectors of signaling pathways have suggested the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) during these processes. To more precisely evaluate the role of PKA in C. trifolii morphogenesis, the gene encoding the catalytic (C) subunit of PKA (Ct-PKAC) was isolated, sequenced, and inactivated by gene replacement. Southern blot analysis with C. trifolii genomic DNA …

Can Large Dsdna-Containing Viruses Provide Information About The Minimal Genome Size Required To Support Life?, James L. Van Etten

James Van Etten Publications

The genomes of a few viruses, such as Bacillus megaterium phage G (670 kb) and the chlorella viruses (330 to 380 kb), are larger than the predicted minimal genome size required to support life (ca. 320 kb). A comparison of the 256 proteins predicted to be required for life with the putative 376 proteins encoded by chlorella virus PBCV-1, as well as those encoded by other large viruses, indicates that viruses lack many of these “essential” genes. Consequently, it is unlikely that viruses will aid in determining the minimal number and types of genes required for life. However, viruses may …

Managing Lupin Anthracnose, Greg Shea, W A. Cowling, B J. Burchell, D Luckett, H Yang, Mark W. Sweetingham, Geoff J. Thomas

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Anthracnose in lupins was first reported in commercial crops in Western Australia in September 1996. By October 1996, several thousand lupin breeding lines and wild types of 11 lupin species were sown in New Zealand for resistance screening. In 1997, resistance to anthracnose was confirmed in several breeding fines and commercial cultivars of narrow-leafed lupins (I. angustifolius), landraces of albus lupins (I. albus) and wild types of several other lupin species. Important information on critical seed infection levels and fungicide seed treatment has also been determined.

Giant Viruses Infecting Algae, James L. Van Etten, Russel Meints

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (PBCV-1) is the prototype of a family of large, icosahedral, plaque-forming, double-stranded–DNA-containing viruses that replicate in certain unicellular, eukaryotic chlorella-like green algae. DNA sequence analysis of its 330, 742-bp genome leads to the prediction that this phycodnavirus has 376 protein-encoding genes and 10 transfer RNA genes. The predicted gene products of ~40% of these genes resemble proteins of known function. The chlorella viruses have other features that distinguish them from most viruses, in addition to their large genome size. These features include the following: (a) The viruses encode multiple DNA methyltransferases and DNA site-specific endonucleases; (b) …

Isolates Of Uromyces Appendiculatus With Specific Virulence To Landraces Of Phaseolus Vulgaris Of Andean Origin, Craig M. Sandlin, James R. Steadman, Carlos M. Araya, Dermot P. Coyne

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Five isolates of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus were shown to be specifically virulent on bean genotypes of Andean origin. This specificity was demonstrated by the virulence of five pairs of isolates on a differential set of 30 Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Each isolate pair was from a different country in the Americas and consisted of one Andean-specific isolate and one nonspecific isolate. Of the differential P. vulgaris landraces, 15 were of Middle American origin and 15 were of Andean origin. The Andean-specific rust isolates were highly virulent on Andean landraces but not on landraces of Middle American origin. …

1998 Csrees Wild Blueberry Project Results, Darrell W. Donahue, Frank A. Drummond, Alfred A. Bushway, John M. Smagula, Mary Ellen Camire, Bodhan Slabyj, Russell Hazen, Judith A. Collins, Connie S. Stubbs, David Lambert, Andrea Southworth, Walter Litten, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, Rodney Bushway, Brian Perkins, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1998 edition of the CSREES Wild Blueberry Project Results was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Separation of Maggot Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line

2. Assessment of Preharvest Treatments on Wild blueberry Fruit Quality

3. Blueberries as a Natural Colorant for Breakfast Cereals

4. Factors Affecting Quality of IQF Wild Blueberries

5. Control Tactics for Wild blueberry Pest Insects

6. Biology and Ecology of Wild blueberry Pest Insects

7. Sustainable Pollination of Wild blueberry

8. …

Carrot Export Growth Depends On Keeping Cavity Spot Under Control, Allan Mckay, Elaine Davison

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cavity spot is the most serious disease affecting carrot production in Ly Western Australia. With carrots now being the State's most important horticultural export, Agriculture Western Australia has undertaken extensive research to ensure the export market continues to grow.