Life Sciences Commons^™

Physical And Optical Properties Of Steam Exploded Laser Printed Paper, Arvind Kumar Sharma

Masters Theses

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of steam explosion on the optical properties of recycled fibers, i.e., brightness, opacity, scattering and absorption coefficients, and to find out whether explosive discharge caused fiber damage and affected fiber bonding ability.

Laser printed paper was pulped by the steam explosion process. Addition of two different chemicals, residence time, pressure, and dispersant level were varied during the steam explosion experiments. All factors were kept at two levels.

Full factorial design and regression analysis were applied to determine the effect of different factors on steam explosion pulp. The data indicate …

Rheology Of Coating Colors Containing Water-Soluble Polymers And Their Effect On The Runnability Of The Clc Blade Coater, Harish K. Narasimhamurthy

Masters Theses

Four different classes of commercial rheology modifiers (thickeners) e.g., Polyacrylate (PA), Associative Cellulosic Thickener (ACT), Associative Synthetic Thickener (AST) and CMC were used in a simplified coating formulation to study their effects on rheological and viscoelastic properties of the coating colors. An attempt was also made to study their effect on runnability using the Cylindrical Laboratory Coater (CLC). A series of coatings were prepared using number one clay and styrene-butadiene latex. The thickeners were added to these at several levels. The coatings were evaluated for rheological and viscoelastic properties. The coatings were also applied onto paper using the CLC at …

Estrogen Induced Eosinophil Migration Into The August Rat Uterus Is Associated With Intercellular Adhesion Molecule Expression, Daniel R. Orcutt

Masters Theses

Estrogen causes an influx of eosinophils into the uterus in female rats. The diapedesis of eosinophils out of the vasculature has also been observed in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and atopic dermatitis, and has been associated with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). Antibody blocking studies against ICAM-1/ LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 have suggested that both ligand/receptor sets of CAMs are involved in the selective recruitment of eosinophils out of the vasculature. ICAM- 1 is expressed on the vascular endothelium and decreases in expression when IL-4 is introduced. VLA-4 is present on eosinophils and is suspected to allow selective migration of eosinophils out …

Effect Of Poly Acrylate Addition On Coating Color Rheology, Water Retention And Coating Performance, Shambhu Nath

Masters Theses

Five polyacrylate samples were used to study their effects on coating color rheology, water holding and runnability. The Cylindrical Laboratory Coater was used to apply the coatings and study the runnability of the coating colors. The healing tendencies of the coatings were studied by inducing a scratch under the blade. The higher acid level and degree of crosslinking of the polyacrylate gave higher viscosity and the higher acid level also gave higher water retention. Coating colors containing polyacrylates were less prone to dilatancy at high shear. The addition of polyacrylate reduced the healing of coating colors, but for the same …

Expression Of Integrated And Methylated Hiv-Ltr In Human T-Cells And Monkey Kidney Cells By Frog Virus 3 Infection, Celene M. Spangler

Masters Theses

DNA methylation has been implicated in the suppression of transcription of a large spectrum of eukaryotic genes. Frog virus 3 (FV3) contains genomic DNA that is the most extensively methylated of all known animal viruses. However, FV3 gene expression is tightly regulated in a sequential fashion in infected cells. Therefore, FV3 must have evolved mechanism(s) to overcome the inhibitory effects of DNA methylation. FV3 has been shown to induce expression of methylated foreign genes in transient transfections. This study was designed to establish if this FV3 induced expression of methylated genes could be demonstrated in stable cell lines which contain …

The Effect Of Insulin Mimetics On Enzymes Of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Eric A. Berg

Masters Theses

Fatty acid biosynthesis, an insulin regulated pathway, is the process of producing fatty acid chains from 2 and 3 carbon units. Two enzymes in this pathway that insulin affects are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Sodium vanadate and sodium selenate have demonstrated insulin-like effects in several tissue and cell types. These mimetic effects include increasing glucose transport, regulating glycolytic enzymes, normalizing plasma glucose levels and activities of insulin regulated enzymes in diabetic rats. Our goal was to examine effects of sodium vanadate and sodium selenate on fatty acid biosynthesis in two insulin responsive systems: Isolated rat hepatocytes …

Effects Of Alkaline Internal Sizing On Rotogravure Print Quality Using Waterbased Inks, Michael L. Busche

Masters Theses

The effect of alkaline internal sizing in improving paper smoothness and ink gloss in waterbased rotogravure printing was investigated. Papers were internally sized with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) under alkaline conditions from slack-sized to hard-sized. Papers were printed with waterbased inks on a web gravure press. A major problem with waterbased inks is increased surface roughening of paper and a low ink gloss. Temporal surface roughening was reduced by increased AKD internal sizing with a concomitant significant increase of up to 400% in ink gloss. Surface properties were correlated with print quality. The print quality improved with increased hydrophobicity of …

The Effect Of Black Liquor Carryover On Bleaching Effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand (Cod), Thomas Bishop

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project examines the effect of black liquor carryover from the brownstock washing section on the bleach plant effluent qualities of COD. Black liquor carryover not only directly effects the organic loading to the effluent treatment plant, but also interferes with bleaching chemicals during the bleaching sequence. The goal of the project was to establish the relationship and quantify the effects of this carryover on the bleaching effluent COD. Samples of pulp were spiked with black liquor and then bleached by a D-E bleaching sequence to a specific target Kappa number. The effluents from both of the bleaching stages were …

The Effects Of Ph And Soaking Time On The Repulping Of Old Corrugated Containers (Occ), Jason S. Eley

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Efforts to increase production capacity and meet recycled fiber content regulations include the utilization of recycled OCC as a fiber source. This fiber source is predominantly softwoods which are characteristically longer and stronger than hardwood fibers. However, the corrugating medium found in OCC contains mostly hardwood fibers which are shorter and more brittle than the desired softwoods. In addition, the medium contains a significant amount of lignin that interferes with fiber bonding. Therefore, the resulting paper web's strength is decreased.

The paper industry is forced to find ways to achieve maximum strength from an inferior starting material. One method under …

Smoothness Improvement Of High Speed Recycled Paperboard Through Base Coating Formula Optimization, Lance S. Mikus

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

As the trend in printing recycled paperboard shifts toward the rotogravure process, the surface smoothness of the paperboard is becoming increasingly important. Also, as recycled paperboard machine speeds increase, greater demands are being placed on the coating process and formulation to yield superior coating characteristics. The objective of this research project is to determine a base coat formulation that improves the base coating characteristics in high-speed recycled paperboard. This study examines the replacement of a traditional #1 clay with calcined clay and fine particle clay, which through their different properties alter the characteristics of the coating. The bulky calcined particles …

The Effect Of Repeated Recycling At Different Levels Of Addition (Virgin And Recycled Fiber) On The Surface Characteristic Of Paper Before And After Calendering, Jasvinder Singh Sidhu

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Extensive work has been done on the physical properties of paper with recycling, however not much has been researched on the surface properties of paper. This thesis was intended to give more information on this fairly untouched area. An extra dimension was added with the inclusion of virgin fibers. Two loops were designed, one using the conventional 100% recycled fibers and the other, with an addition of virgin pulp. 100% never dried kraft hardwood, refined at 300 CSF, was used. All handsheets were made on the Nobel and Wood handsheet-maker and repeated reslushing was performed on the British Disintegrator. No …

The Application Of Electrokinetics To Improve Sludge Dewatering, Maureen Donnelly

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The waste, or sludge, from a mill contains a significant amount of water. It is desirable to remove as much water as possible before the sludge goes to a landfill. In the past electrokinetics have been used to separate solids and liquids in the mining and clay industries. The objective of this thesis project was to determine if the application of electrokinetics can increase the drainage rate of sludge by transmitting an electric current through the sludge. On a larger scope, this application may be used in addition to another process for increased efficiency.

The experiment contained sludge placed between …

Evidence For Dna Methylation-Sensitive Transactivator Mediated Regulation Of The Expression Of An Epstein-Barr Virus Neutralizing Antigen, Sridhar Chalasani

Masters Theses

DNA methylation has a profound effect on the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes. This study demonstrates that an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Raji, contains the gene encoding gp350/220 but is not expressed. Frog virus 3 (FV3), an iridovirus, has the ability to overcome the inhibitory effect of DNA methylation. Fusion of FV3-infected cells with Raji cells resulted in expression of gp350/220, suggesting that gp350/220 is regulated by DNA methylation. Further evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by transfecting B95.8 cells with HpaII/HhaI methylated plasmid pLATE-CAT, containing the gp350/220 promoter. Southern blot analyses and a …

Improvement Of Strength Properties For Currency Paper, Michael D. Schultz

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Objective

The primary objective of this thesis is to increase the strength properties of currency paper by:

(1) Varying the ratio of first cut cotton linters to flax fibers in a currency furnish. Wet and dry strength additives were included in the furnishes developed.

(2) Addition of spruce fibers to the base currency furnish of 75% cotton linters, 25% flax, a wet strength additive, and a dry strength additive.

This project was an attempt to improve the strength of a base currency furnish, developed similar to the base currency furnish used by the U.S. Bureau of Printing and Engraving.