Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Replacing Milk Proteins With Wheat Gluten And Soybean Products On Digestibility Of Nutrients And Growth Performance In Nursery Pigs (1991), B T. Richert, J L. Morrill, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of processed wheat gluten for early-weaned pigs. The first experiment involved 72 weanling pigs with an avg age of 20 d and avg wt of 9.2 lb. Six diets were fed to the pigs in individual metabolism cages. Protein sources were casein, flash-dried wheat gluten, spray-dried wheat gluten, two solubilized wheat glutens, and soybean meal. Response criteria were N digestibility, biological value, and N retention. Casein had greater N digestibility, biological value, and N retention than the other protein sources. The wheat gluten products had greater N digestibility than soybean meal. …

Evaluation Of Expelled Soybean Meal In Starter Diets (1991), C G. Mills, K G. Friesen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight weanling pigs (6.9 lb initial wt) were used in a 28-d growth study to determine the feeding value of expelled soybean meal (43% CP) as compared to conventionally extracted soybean meal (48.5% CP). Pigs were fed one of two dietary treatments containing either expelled soybean meal or conventional soybean meal. Both diets contained milo and 10% dried whey and were formulated to be slightly lysine deficient (.95%) to determine any potential differences in amino acid availabilities between the two soybean meals. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed conventional soybean meal had higher average daily gain (ADG) and average …

Effects Of Supplementation Of Nursery Diets With An Essential Fatty Acid On Immunity In Artificially Reared Pigs (1991), D S. Mcvey, G S. Elliot, G A. Kennedy, M M. Chengappa, N V. Anderson, D A. Schoneweis, M M. Hervey, S M. Cowan, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty four pigs were weaned immediately at farrowing, reared artificially for 21 d, and then used in a 35-d nursery experiment to determine the effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on immune function. Treatments were: 1) a semi-purified diet deficient in essential fatty acids and 2) diet 1 with 2% added linoleic acid. Conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic and then arachidonic acid is a normal step in fatty acid metabolism. Metabolites of arachidonic acid are thought to have a role in mediating immune function. On d 28 of the experiment, pigs were orally dosed with Salmonella choleraesuis to challenge …

Optimum Particle Size Of Corn And Hard And Soft Sorghum Grain For Nursery Pigs And Broiler Chicks (1991), B J. Healy, P J. Bramel-Cox, G A. Kennedy, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 240 weanling pigs (avg initial wt of 11.7 lb) was used to determine the effects of particle size of corn and two sorghum genotypes on growth performance. In addition to the pig feeding experiment, 420 broiler chicks (avg initial wt of .15 lb) were fed the same grain treatments to determine if they were a reliable model for the effects of diet particle size on nursery pig performance. Milling characteristics of the cereal grains were measured. Treatments were corn, hard endosperm sorghum, and soft endosperm sorghum, ground to particle sizes of 900, 700, 500, and 300 µm …

Comparison Of Protein Sources For Phase Ii Starter Diets (1991), J A. Hansen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 432 weanling pigs (initially 15.3 lb and 21 d of age) was used in a growth trial to compare various protein sources in the Phase II starter diet. During Phase I (0 to 7 d post-weaning), all pigs were fed a common high nutrient density diet containing 1.5% lysine, 10% porcine plasma, 10% lactose, and 20% dried whey. During Phase II (7 to 28 d post-weaning), pigs were fed one of six experimental diets. All Phase II diets contained 10% dried whey and were formulated to 1.18% lysine. The positive control diet contained 4% menhaden fish meal …

Extrusion Processing Of Low-Inhibitor Soybeans Improves Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Protein-Adequate Diets (1991), A J. Lewis, P G. Reddy, D B. Jones, M A. Giesemann, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty weanling pigs (15.4 lb avg initial wt) were used in a 35-d growth assay to determine the effects of processing method (roasting in a Roast-A-Tron roaster vs extrusion in an Insta-Pro extruder) on nutritional value of soybeans with (+K) and without (-K) gene expression for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Treatments were: 1) soybean meal with added soybean oil; 2) +K roasted; 3) +K extruded; 4) -K roasted; and 5) -K extruded. All diets were corn-based and formulated to 1.25% lysine for d 0 to 14 and 1.10% lysine for d 14 to 35 of the experiment. For …

Effects Of Daily Porcine Somatotropin Administration On The Lysine Requirement Of Growing Pigs (1991), G E. Fitzner, T L. Weeden, K G. Friesen, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Donald H. Kropf, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One-hundred twenty crossbred barrows initially weighing 68.7 lb were used to determine the lysine requirement of growing pigs injected with 5 mg/d porcine somatotropin (PST) during a 5-wk growth trial. Pigs received one of six levels of dietary lysine (.7, 1.1, 1.5, 1.9,2.3, or 2.7%) and were injected daily with either 5 mg pST or placebo. During the 5 wk trial, pST-injected pigs had increased average daily gain (ADG), decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI), and improved feed conversion (F/G) compared with placebo-injected pigs. With increasing dietary lysine, ADFI of pigs injected with both pST and placebo was reduced. Pigs …

Effects Of Porcine Somatotropin Dosage And Lysine Level On Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs (1991), G E. Fitzner, T L. Weeden, B R. Schricker, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty crossbred barrows initially weighing 70.5 lb were used in a 5 wk trial to determine the optimum dosage of porcine somatotropin (PST) required to promote maximum growth response in growing pigs fed diets containing either 1.0 or 2.0% lysine. Pigs received a daily injection of placebo or 2, 4, or 8 mg pST in combination with one of two experimental diets containing either 1.0 or 2.0% dietary lysine. Increasing the dosage of pST of pigs fed both diets resulted in an increase in average daily gain (ADG), a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI), and an improvement in …

Extrusion Of Sorghum, Soybean Meal, And Whole Soybeans Improves Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Finishing Pigs (1991), Terry L. Gugle, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty-four finishing pigs (124 lb avg initial wt) were used to determine the effects of extruding sorghum, soybean meal (SBM), and whole soybeans on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Treatments were: 1) control diet with ground sorghum, SBM, and soybean oil; 2) diet 1 with the ground sorghum, SBM, and soybean oil blended and extruded; 3) sorghum and whole soybeans extruded separately and blended; and 4) sorghum and extruded soybeans blended and extruded together. Extrusion was in an Insta-Pro® extruder. All diets were formulated to be equal in concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and lysine. Pigs fed diets …

Health Considerations For The Year 2000 (1991), J F. Connor

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As the swine industry matures, profit margins will decrease. Control of the major factors affecting feed cost will drive the system. Upgrading or maintaining health will be a major emphasis, because disease agents and complexes affect growing-finishing performance. Many diseases, such as pneumonia caused by Actinobacillus (llaemophilus) pleuropneumonia and swine dysentery, dramatically affect growing-finishing performance. Diseases decrease average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increase feed per gain ratio (FIG) in many instances. At the same time, they increase input costs via treatments, vaccines, and feed additives. Historically, our control methods may have been successful on individual farms, but not across …

The Effect Of Supplemental Fat And Lysine On Finishing Pig Performance And Carcass Characteristics (1991), K G. Friesen, R C. Thaler, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and sixty pigs averaging 127.4 lb were used to determine the benefit of 5% supplemental fat and (or) .20% lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The trial consisted of four treatments: 1) a .61 %, lysine milo-soybean meal control diet; 2) control + 5% fat; 3) control + .20% lysine; 4) control + 5% fat and .20% lysine. Lysine:metabolizable energy ratios were held constant at 1.91: 1 for treatments 1 and 2 and at 2.52: 1 for treatments 3 and 4. Pig weights and feed consumption were recorded every third wk to calculate average daily gain (ADG), …

The Bryophytes Of Knox County, Illinois, Kurtis J. Cecil

Masters Theses

Field and herbarium studies conducted over an eleven month period found 84 taxa of bryophytes in Knox County. Included in this list are one hornwort (Class Anthocerotae), 15 liverworts (Class Hepaticae), and 68 mosses (Class Musci). Eighty-two species are new county records. Six previously unreported taxa produced during herbarium studies and one previous report were not relocated in the field. An annotated list provides collection data, location of voucher, and frequency of those species located in Knox County. A presettlement vegetation map is included to illustrate the location of collection sites.

Improving Swimming Economy Of Novice, Adult, Female Swimmers By Training On A Väsa Swim Trainer, Loreen K. Mattson

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if the swimming economy of novice, adult, female swimmers can be increased by training on a Väsa Swim Trainer. Economy of swimming was defined as either: 1) decreased submaximal oxygen consumption (VO₂); 2) decreased oxygen consumption per given distance (VO₂/d); 3) decrease ratio of arm stroke cycles per given distance to swimming velocity (ASI); and 4) decrease submaximal heart rate (HR).

Eight females between the age of 35 to 60 years, mean age 50.4, who were considered to be novice swimmers (average 45.7 meter lap time greater than …

An Evolutionary Perspective On Salt, Hypertension, And Human Genetic Variability, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson

Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson

Populations Of Douglas-Fir Beetle In Scorched And Green Trees 2 Years Following The Clover Mist Fire On The Clarks Fork Ranger District, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, Judith E. Pasek

Judith E Pasek

In 1990, Douglas-fir beetle (DFB), Dedroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins spread from Douglas-firs blackened by the 1988 Clover Mist Fire to partially scorched and green trees on the Clarks Fork Ranger District, Shoshone National Forest in northwestern Wyoming. Adult DFB began emerging in early May and peaked during June. Scorched trees were attacked first and green trees were selected generally after mid-June. A mean of 20 DFB emerged per 36 sq. in. of heavily-infested bark surface.

Total brood production in fall bark samples taken at 5-7 ft. was high, averaging 28 DFB per 36 sq. in., and represents a 1.5- to 2-fold …

Review Essay Of Two Books On The History Of Science, Charles Kay Smith

Charles Kay Smith

Contrary to what I was taught in high school in the mid-1940s, science is no longer defined as an inductive methodology for immaculately conceiving culture-free truth after sifting through a huge data base of objective facts. For without some prior hypothesis to guide her, a scientist would not be able to decide which facts were relevant. Nowadays hypotheses can come from anywhere in the imagination or culture within which the scientist is working. The importance of a scientific hypothesis is that it be framed in such a way that it can be falsified when tested. Science now has a history …

Reproductive Compatibility Of New World Screwworms, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, From North Africa And Central America., David B. Taylor, Leslie Hammack, Richard L. Roehrdanz

David B. Taylor

The reproductive compatibility of New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from North Africa and a strain being mass produced for the Mexican eradication programme was examined to assess the feasibility of using flies from the Mexican screwworm mass production facility for a sterile insect technique eradication programme in North Africa. Males from the production strain mated randomly with females from North Africa and from the production strain when both were present. Neither strain of males discriminated between cuticular extracts of North African and production strain females containing a contact sex pheromone. Interstrain crosses between North African flies and production flies …

Abnormal Chromatin (Abc), A Maternal-Effect Locus In Drosophila Melanogaster, Kristin B. Vessey, Rachael L. Ludwiczak, Amy S. Briot, Eileen M. Underwood

Eileen M. Underwood

Mutations in the maternal-effect gene abnormal chromatin (abc) in Drosophila melanogaster result in a variety of defects involving nuclear replication/division. Three recessive alleles of this gene, which maps near 51F on chromosome 2, all result in female sterility. They cause slower embryonic development that is usually abnormal from the earliest nuclear divisions and arrested by the sixth one. Nuclei tend to be large and erratically distributed, some intensely staining. Mitotic asynchrony is common. Few embryos reach the gastrula stage and none hatch. With the weakest allele, fsPL, bridges between nuclei are common; abnormal chromatin clumps that resemble yolk nuclei occur …