Life Sciences Commons^™

Maize Hybrid Response To Tillage Under Irrigated And Dryland Conditions, Wallace Wilhelm, Mark Reed Hinze, C. O. Gardner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The popularity of reduced-tillage cropping systems has emphasized the need to determine if maize (Zea mays L.) developed under conventional tillage systems (moldboard plow, disk, and harrow) is readily adaptable to conservation production systems (greater than 30% residue cover after planting). Past research has indicated that crops grown under conservation production systems are subjected to cooler and wetter soil conditions than crops grown with conventional tillage practices. Information is needed to determine if a significant interaction exists between tillage and hybrid in maize. Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 near Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., on an Abruptic Argiaquoll and …

Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application For Cereals, M G. Mason

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

Results are presented for 206 trials carried out between 1959 and 1990, investigating the effect of time of application of nitrogen fertilizers on cereal grain yields. This set of data is the basis of recommendations made for timing of nitrogen fertilizer application for cereals in Western Australia. Attention is drawn to the variability of results obtained in different seasons and situations and the time of leaching rains.

Proceedings International Sorghum And Millet Crsp Conference, Timothy Schilling, Gary Odvody, Gebisa Ejeta, Larry Claflin, Gary Peterson, Lloyd Rooney, Jerry Eastin, Joan Frederick

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

On behalf of the INTSORMIL Board of Directors, Principal Investigators and the Management Entity Office, it gives me great pleasure this moming to welcome you to this opening session of the 1991 INTSORMIL International SorghumIMlllet CRSP Conference.

INTSORMIL initiated the Biennial CRSP conference series in 1983. Attendance has grown with each meeting. Today we have 199 persons registered from 12 States in the U.S. and 27 different countries. There are representatives from three International Agricultural Research Centers (lCRISAT, IFPRI, and ICRISAT), four private seed companies and the U.S. National Grain Sorghum Producers Association (NGSPA).

I look around this audience and …

Basic Alfalfa Germplasms Differ In Nutritive Content Of Forage, Andrew W. Lenssen, E. L. Sorensen, G. L. Posler, L. H. Harbers

Andrew W. Lenssen

Little information is available regarding comparative forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaves and stems of the nine germplasms from which most North American cultivars have been developed. In a greenhouse trial, forage quality of leaves and stems of the nine germplasms was compared when grown in a common environment and harvested at the same phenological stage. Germplasm sources (and representative cultivar) tested were: Indian (Sirsa #9), African (African), Peruvian (Hairy Peruvian), Flemish (DuPuits), Turkistan (Lahontan), Chilean (Kansas Common), M. varia Martin (Grimm), Ladak (Ladak), M. falcata L. (Anik). Leaves of germplasm sources differed for concentrations of neutral detergent …

Proceedings Of The 18th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 20-21, 1991, Lexington, Kentucky): National Perspective On Soybeans, Donald E. Hershman, J. Allen Wrather, Patrick D. Colyer, Gary W. Lawrence, Glenn G. Hammes

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

General session

Presidential address. DE Hershman

Keynote address. P O'Connell

Invited speakers

Major Soybean Diseases of the Midwest and Their Management. TS Abney

Major Soybean Diseases of the Southeast and Their Management. WF Moore

Disease Resistance in the Defense of Yield: A Commercial Breeders Perspective. HL Gabe

Graduate student papers

Effects of potassium fertilization and weed control on the severity.of anthracnose and pod and stem blight of soybeans in Louisiana. FG Barker, GT Berggren, and JP Snow

Inheritance of soybean SDS response in segregating F₅ derived lines. WJ Matthews, VN Njiti, PT Gibson, and ML Shenaut

Selection of …

A Three-Dimensional Field Study Of Solute Transport Through Unsaturated, Layered, Porous Media 1. Methodology, Mass Recovery, And Mean Transport, T. R. Ellsworth, W. A. Jury, F. F. Ernst, P. J. Shouse

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A field experiment is reported which monitored the three-dimensional movement of cubic solute plumes through an unsaturated, loamy sand soil. The plumes were created with one of two methods, a two-dimensional flux application and an initial resident distribution. Soil coring was used to sample resident concentrations for the three solutes studied. The data were analyzed using the method of moments. In addition to the solute transport experiments, a detailed set of physical properties of the field was obtained by excavating three pits to a depth of 5.0m and also by taking soil cores throughout the study area. This paper explains …

Simulation Of Shoot Vegetative Development And Growth Of Unstressed Winter Wheat, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Betty Klepper, R. B. Rickman, Wallace Wilhelm, W. O. Willis

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in directing research and improving farm management. Recent research on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopy development was consolidated into a model of aboveground vegetative development and growth called SHOOTGRO 1.0. The model assumes that water, nutrients, and light do not limit development and growth. Initial conditions of cultivar type (dwarf, semidwarf, mid-tall, and tall), seeding rate, planting depth and date, and latitude are inputs. Daily temperature, expressed as growing degree-days, drives SHOOTGRO 1.0. Processes are simulated with a daily time step. Computer code is standard Fortran 77.

The morphological nomenclature used allows …

Effects Of Breed Group By Location Interaction On Crossbred Cattle In Nebraska And Florida, T. A. Olson, K. Euclides Filho, L. V. Cundiff, M. Koger, W. T. Butts Jr., K. E. Gregory

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Data on 2,744 calves produced in Clay Center, Nebraska, and Brooksville, Florida, were used to evaluate the importance of genotype × location interactions on the reproductive and maternal performance of eight breed groups of F1 crossbred cows. A total of 648 F1 crossbred cows included Bos taurus × Bos taurus (Bt × Bt) crosses: Hereford × Angus reciprocal crossbreds (HA and AH), Pinzgauer × Angus (PA), Pinzgauer × Hereford (PH); and Bos indicus× Bos taurus (Bi × Bt) crosses: Brahman × Angus (BA), Brahman × Hereford (BH), Sahiwal × Angus (SA) and Sahiwal × Hereford (SH). The first calf …

Economic Effects Of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations On Beef Cattle Exposed To Three Pesticide Treatment Regimes, Jerome Hogsette, David Prichard, Joseph Ruff

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Horn flies could not be maintained below 50 per animal with sprays or dusts during a 21-wk study. However, weights of cows and calves and condition scores of cows were not influenced by suppression of Haematobia irritans (L.) populations. Results show that cattle in northwest Florida can tolerate average populations of >200 flies for 70 d with no adverse economic effects. Spray treatments providing the best fly control were Lintox-D and Ra-Vap. The most economical products for use were Del-Tox, Lintox-D, and Ra-Vap.

Vegetation And Soil Zonation Associated With Juniperus Pinchotii Sudw. Trees, Guy R. Mcpherson, G. Allen Rasmussen, David B. Wester, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Herbaceolis vegetation pattern and soil properties around individual Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. trees were studied on a grazed and a relict grassland in western Texas. Herb standing crop and soil samples were obtained under the canopy, at canopy edge, and beyond the canopy edge of three to five trees on each of four dates. Standing crop was lowest midway between the bole and canopy edge. Soil organic matter was highest under juniper canopies on both sites. Soil pH and P were not related to distance from tree bole on either site. Herbaceous pattern from under the canopy to canopy edge apparently …

Pituitary And Testicular Responses Of Beef Bulls To Active Immunization Against Inhibin Alpha, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Prepubertal crossbred beef bulls served as controls or were actively immunized against the N-terminal, 30-amino acid synthetic fragment of porcine inhibin alpha, pIα,(1-30). Antibody titers were detected in sera (>40% B/B_o in sera diluted 1,000-fold) but not in rete testis fluid of 390-d-old bulls. Serum FSH and inhibin remained static during a 5-h intensive bleed; inhibin was not acutely affected by a 15-fold LH rise and a threefold FSH rise induced by exogenous GnRH. Serum FSH, but not LH or testosterone, was consistently elevated (P < .05) in immunized bulls compared with control bulls. Neither pituitary weight, pituitary gonadotropin content nor pituitary FSH/LH ratios were affected (P > .10) by pIα,(1-30) active immunization. Testicular sperm density was greater (60 x 10 …

Prepubertal Changes In Plasma Fsh And Inhibin In Holstein Bull Calves: Responses To Castration And(Or) Estradiol, R. D. Macdonald, D. R. Deaver, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objectives of two studies were to detennine 1) whether plasma concentrations of inhibin (INH) changed with age in prepubertal bulls and whether these changes were related to changes in FSH, testosterone or testis length; and 2) whether castration and(or) estradiol implants affected plasma concentrations of INH and FSH. In Exp. 1, plasma INH remained constant from 4 until 8 wk of age then increased from 120 pM to 202 pM between 8 and 12 wk. Thereafter, INH decreased to 90 pM by 36 wk. Between 4 and 10 wk, plasma FSH increased from .32 to .43 …

Pasture Condition Guides For The Murchison River Catchment, A Fox, T R. Eckersley

Soil conservation survey collection

Knowledge of the pasture resource and its capabilities is essential to sustainable use of the rangelands. Rangeland managers must be able to recognise firstly the different pasture types, and secondly, the differences between present condition classes for each type. Both factors affect the stock carrying capacity, and appropriate pastoral management of a pasture. This guide has been produced for use by pastoralists to assist them to recognise and assess the condition of the perennial pasture resource of their own properties. The guide describes the condition states found in 10 of the most widespread pastures of the Murchison River catchment (Fig. …

Resistance To Anthracnose Protects Forage Quality Of Alfalfa, Andrew W. Lenssen, G. L. Posler, E. L. Sorenson, D. L. Stuteville

Andrew W. Lenssen

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain, decreases forage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) throughout much of the USA. Little is known about the effects of anthracnose or host-plant resistance on forage quality, including phenolic monomer concentrations. In a controlled environment, we compared forage quality, including phenolic monomers, of alfalfa cultivars Saranac (susceptible) and Saranac AR (resistant) with and without anthracnose (Race 1). In the absence of inoculation, leaves of the two cultivars did not differ significantly for any parameter measured. Leaves had more total phenolics than did stems. Forage quality of inoculated leaves of Saranac often …

A Three-Dimensional Field Study Of Solute Transport Through Unsaturated, Layered, Porous Media 2. Characterization Of Vertical Dispersion, T. R. Ellsworth, W. A. Jury

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Solute plumes were created in an unsaturated field soil with either flux application or by leaching an initial resident distribution (see Ellsworth et al., this issue). The spatial variance of the plumes initially increased with time between the soil surface and a depth of 2.5m, within which the soil was a nearly structureless loamy sand. Below this depth, the plumes were observed to compress in the vertical direction as they moved into, and through, a region of subangular blocky structure and loam texture (between 2.5 and 4.0m depth). As the solute moved below the layer of fine texture, the plume …

Fertility And Forage Yield Of Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids In A1 And A3 Cytoplasm, J. J. Toy, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, K. J. Moore

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Most sorghum x sudangrass hybrids are currently produced in Al male-sterile cytoplasm. Availability of alternative cytoplasmic sterility systems allows production of sorghum x sudangrass hybrids that may have superior forage characteristics. A study was conducted to compare the agronomic performance of Al and A3 sorghum x sudangrass hybrids. A bulk of eight sudangrass populations was used to pollinate four grain sorghum inbreds normally used as females that had been sterilized in both Al and A3 cytoplasm, and two inbreds normally used as males that had been sterilized in A3 cytoplasm. The hybrids were evaluated in 1990. Results indicate that male-sterile …

Inheritance Of Acid-Soil Tolerance In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Grown On An Ultisol, C. I. Flores, L. M. Gourley, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. B. Clark

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Inheritance of acid-soil tolerance (generally considered AI-toxicity tolerance) i.n sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is not clear. Forty F₁ sorghum hybrids and their 14 parents were grown two seasons in the field at relatively high (67 and 71%) and low (43 and 42%) Al saturations on an acid Ultisol in Colombia, South America to evaluate the effects of acid soil on agronomic component traits and to better understand inheritance of acid-soil tolerance of sorghum. For plants grown at the high Al saturation levels, hybrids from acid-soil tolerant [AS-T] x acid soil-sensitive [AS-S] crosses were as tolerant as hybrids from …

Notes: Interpretive Analysis For Forage Yield Trial Data, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, K. J. Moore, Edzard Van Santen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Forage cultivar evaluation is often done in small plots with multiple harvests throughout the growing season. Data is often summarized by presenting a yearly total yield for each cultivar in addition to the mean for each harvest date. Data summarization often becomes burdensome and difficult to interpret. Regressing yield against a growth index associated with harvest dates can be utilized to describe forage performance in a concise and easily interpreted format. Subsets of data from tall fescue (Festuca amndinacea Schreb.) yield trials conducted in Alabama and Kentucky were used to demonstrate the technique. The analysis involves regressing yield of a …

Nitrogen And Methyl Jasmonate Induction Of Soybean Vegetative Storage Protein Genes, Paul E. Staswick, Jing-Feng Huang, Yoon Rhee

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Vegetative storage protein (VSP) and VSP mRNA levels in soybean (Glycine max) leaves correlated with the amount of NH₄NO₃ provided to nonnodulated plants. The mRNA level declined as leaves matured, but high levels of N delayed the decline. This is consistent with the proposed role for VSP in the temporary storage of N. Wounding, petiole girdling, and treatment with methyijasmonate (MeJA) increased VSP mRNA in leaves 24 hours after treatment. The magnitude of the response depended on leaf age and N availability. N deficiency essentially eliminated the response to wounding and petiole girdling. MeJA was …

Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Report, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Judith A. Collins, J Riley, David H. Lambert, David E. Yarborough, E A. Osgood, Frank A. Drummond, John M. Smagula, Delmont Emerson, Warren Hedstrom, Alfred A. Bushway, Mary Ellen Camire, Rodney J. Bushway, Susan A. Ismail, Therese M. Work, Linda J. Irvine, Craig J. Schroeder, Jasotha Kugabalasooriar, Richard J. Rowe, Gilles H. Lemieux, Rene Verrault, Paul E. Cappiello, James D. Leiby, Michele C. Marra, Willem Brutsaert, David Brooks, E R. Huff

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1990 edition of the Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee Research Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station and Maine Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

1. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pests

2. Control of blueberry maggot

3. Control of secondary blueberry pests

4. Application of steam as a method of controlling secondary pest insects on lowbush blueberry: a feasibility study

5. Pollination of the lowbush blueberry by native bees

6. …

G91-1025 Two Crops In One Year: Doublecropping, Russell Moomaw, Gary Lesoing, Charles A. Francis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Choice of crops, weed control, and other cultural practices for successful doublecropping are discussed here. Multiple cropping refers to growing two crops on the same field during the same year. One method of multiple cropping is doublecropping, which is when one crop is grown after the first crop is harvested. Prime USA regions for doublecropping are the eastern cornbelt, and southeastern and south central states where relatively long growing seasons and abundant rainfall occur. By contrast, shorter growing seasons and less frequent rainfall limit the potential for doublecropping in Nebraska. Irrigation is essential for successful doublecropping in Nebraska. Without irrigation, …

G91-1024 Two Crops In One Year: Relay Intercropping, Gary Lesoing, Russell Moomaw, Charles A. Francis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication covers crop variety selection, weed control, and other cultural practices for relay intercropping a crop like soybeans into growing winter wheat or oats. Multiple cropping refers to growing two crops on the same field during the same year. One method of multiple cropping is doublecropping, which is the growing of a second crop after harvest of the first crop. In Nebraska, where opportunities for doublecropping are limited, relay intercropping is a possible alternative. In relay intercropping, two crops are in the field at the same time during part of the season. A small grain is usually relay intercropped …