Life Sciences Commons^™

Multilingual Zambia - Language Issues In Primary/Secondary Schools Of The Eastern/Southern Provinces, Kenzie Steiner

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

Introduction: Zambia is a multilingual country that uses 8 different languages for instruction including English and 7 other indigenous languages.

Methods: Survey research conducted between May-June 2022 on 6-7th graders within 9 Zambian schools. Classroom observations made and teachers interviewed.

Results: In Eastern and Southern Provinces, Zambian teachers speak an average of 5 languages while students speak an average of 2. Both teachers and students say English remains the most important language followed by first languages.

Conclusion: Continued research on language-in-education policies and impacts on student performance must be conducted if “One Zambia, One Nation” is meant to promote all …

Woodpecker Nesting Patterns In Eastern Washington Cascades, Sammy Cowell, Phil Fischer, Teresa Lorenz, Taryn Rodman, Ryan Sabel, Kim Sullivan

Biology Posters

• Woodpeckers serve as primary cavity excavators in fire dominated forests.
• Secondary cavity users (SCU’s) rely heavily on cavities excavated by woodpeckers.
• Woodpecker species are declining, and some are nowlocally threatened. Management needs answers.
• How is woodpecker reproductive success impacted by the behavior of woodpeckers, SCU’s, and predators?

How Nebraska’S Eastern Saline Wetland Native Plant Species Grow In Response To Restoration Methods: Application Of Different Salinity Level Groundwater, Ellen Dolph, Keunyea Song, Amy Burgin, Trenton E. Franz

UCARE Research Products

Nebraska’s Eastern Saline Wetlands are unique ecosystems endemic to the Salt and Rock Creek waters in Lancaster and Saunders County.

They provide an ecosystem services as well as habitat for endangered species such as the state endangered saltwort (Salicornia rubra) and federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana).

Over 80 % of the saline wetlands are highly degraded and in recent years, the Saline Wetland Conservation Partnership has formed to conserve and restore the remaining saline wetland fragments, but there is limited information about inland saline wetland restoration. Purpose: Investigate techniques to better conserve …

Fishes Of Eastern Washington: A Natural History, Volume 4, Allan T. Scholz, Josh Smith, Amanda Maifeld, Judy Mcmillan, Larry Conboy, Eastern Washington University. Department Of Biology., Eastern Washington University. University Graphics.

Biology Faculty Publications

Volume 4 of 4.

CHAPTER 6: KEY TO FAMILIES OF EASTERN WASHINGTON FISHES (REVISED), CHAPTER 18: FAMILY PERCOPSIDAE: TROUT-PERCHES, CHAPTER 19: FAMILY GADIDAE: CODS, CHAPTER 20: FAMILY POECILIIDAE: LIVEBEARERS, CHAPTER 21: FAMILY GASTEROSTEIDAE: STICKLEBACKS, CHAPTER 22: FAMILY COTTIDAE: SCULPINS, CHAPTER 23: FAMILY CENTRARCHIDAE: SUNFISHES, CHAPTER 24: FAMILY PERCIDAE: PERCH, CHAPTER 25: FISH WITH RARE OR UNCERTAIN STATUS IN EASTERN WASHINGTON, CHAPTER 26: LIMINOLOGY, WATER QUALITY, AND FISH HABITAT

Fishes Of Eastern Washington: A Natural History, Volume 1, Allan T. Scholz, Tyler Basler, Josh Smith, Judy Mcmillan, Larry Conboy, Eastern Washington University. Department Of Biology., Eastern Washington University. University Graphics.

Biology Faculty Publications

Volume 1 of 4.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, CHAPTER 2: CHECKLISTS OF EXTANT AND FOSSIL FISHES FOUND IN EASTERN WASHINGTON, CHAPTER 3: THE DISCOVERERS, CHAPTER 4: GEOLOGY, CHAPTER 5: COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN HYDROLOGY AND FISH DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN WASHINGTON

Fishes Of Eastern Washington: A Natural History, Volume 3, Allan T. Scholz, Josh Smith, Amanda Maifeld, Judy Mcmillan, Larry Conboy, Eastern Washington University. Department Of Biology., Eastern Washington University. University Graphics.

Biology Faculty Publications

Volume 3 of 4.

CHAPTER 14: FAMILY SALMONIDAE: SALMON, TROUT, CHARR, WHITEFISH AND GRAYLINGS, CHAPTER 15: FAMILY SALMONIDAE (SUBFAMILY COREGONINAE): WHITEFISH, CHAPTER 16: FAMILY SALMONIDAE (SUBFAMILY MONINAE): SALMON, TROUT AND CHARR, CHAPTER 17: FAMILY SALMONIDAE (SUBFAMILY THYMALLINAE): GRAYLINGS

Springtime Contribution Of Dinitrogen Fixation To Primary Production Across The Mediterranean Sea, E. Rahav, B. Herut, A. Levi, Margaret Mulholland, I. Berman-Frank

OES Faculty Publications

Dinitrogen (N-2) fixation rates were measured during early spring across the different provinces of Mediterranean Sea surface waters. N-2 fixation rates, measured using N-15(2) enriched seawater, were lowest in the eastern basin and increased westward with a maximum at the Strait of Gibraltar (0.10 to 2.35 nmol NL-1 d(-1), respectively). These rates were 3-7 fold higher than N-2 fixation rates measured previously in the Mediterranean Sea during summertime and we estimated that methodological differences alone did not account for the seasonal changes we observed. Higher contribution of N-2 fixation to primary production (4-8 %) was measured in the western basin …

Translocation Of The Eastern Bristlebird 1: Radio-Tracking Of Post-Release Movements, David Bain, Kris French, Jack Baker, Jean Clarke

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Translocating birds to a new area of habitat to restore or supplement depleted populations may pose a significant threat to the translocated individuals. While for many species, translocated individuals appear to move larger distances than resident animals, species with poor dispersal capacity may be restricted in movements and translocation methods may need to accommodate differences in movements to ensure success. In this study, designed to provide insights to inform our broader programme of translocations in New South Wales, Australia, we investigated post-release movements in the endangered, semi-flightless Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus). We predicted that movements would be minimal, with few …

Accordion Vs. Quantum Tectonics: Insights Into Continental Growth Processes From The Paleozoic Of Eastern Gondwanan, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Solomon Buckman

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Early Paleozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of eastern Australia is widely regarded as an ancient convergent plate margin beneath which paleo-Pacific (Panthalassic) oceanic lithosphere was continuously subducted. It is cited as the type example of a retreating accretionary orogeny. However, sandstone compositions, the sedimentological nature and timing of chert accumulation and overall stratigraphic architecture are not necessarily consistent with this model. We suggest an alternative explanation for growth of Gondwanan continental margin. Oceanic lithosphere outboard of the passive Gondwana continental margin was subducted beneath an extensive intra-oceanic island arc that now crops out as an allochthonous element (Macquarie arc) within …

Alunite Formation Within Silica Stalactites From The Sydney Region, South-Eastern Australia, Robert A. Wray

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

"This paper presents X-ray diffraction and SEM evidence for the formation of alunite, and possibly small quantities of natroalunite, within opal-A stalactites formed on quartz sandstone near Sydney in south-eastern, Australia. Alunite has been reported as a speleogenetic mineral from sediments within a number of caves around the world, but this is believed to be the first report of speleothemic alunite in opaline silica speleothems. Individual alunite crystals have not been visually identified, but SEM X-ray element mapping suggests the alunite has formed amongst kaolinite clay. Sedimentary alunite and natroalunite formation is usually associated with the reaction of sulphuric acid …

Fishes Of The Columbia And Snake River Basins In Eastern Washington, Allan T. Scholz, Holly J. Mclellan, Fisheries Research Center, Eastern Washington University

Biology Faculty Publications

"This book was prepared through a grant from the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM)."

Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Checklist of Fishes Found in Eastern Washington, Chapter 3 Fish Identification and Classification Aids to Identification of Fishes, Chapter 4 Key to Families of Eastern Washington Fishes, Chapter 5 Family Petromyzontidae: Lampreys, Chapter 6 Family Acipenseridae: Sturgeon, Chapter 7 Family Clupeidae: Herrings, Chapter 8 Family Cyprinidae: Carps and Minnows, Chapter 9 Family Catostomidae: Suckers, Chapter 10 Family Ictaluridae: Bullhead Catfishes, Chapter 11 Family Esocidae: Pikes, Chapter 12 Family Salmonidae: Salmon, Trout, Whitefish, Grayling, Chapter 13 …

Patterns Of Demography For Rocky-Shore, Intertidal Invertebrates Approaching Their Geographical Range Limits: Tests Of The Abundant-Centre Hypothesis In South-Eastern Australia, Eszter Z. Hidas, David J. Ayre, Todd E. Minchinton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The abundant-centre hypothesis predicts that species' abundances peak at the centre of their geographical ranges and decline gradually towards their range limits. We tested predictions of this hypothesis for three rocky-shore, intertidal invertebrates with planktonic larvae (the whelk, Morula marginalba, the snail, Afrolittorina pyramidalis, and the barnacle, Tesseropora rosea) by quantifying their patterns of abundance and size, and inferring pulses of recruitment from size-frequency distributions, at multiple spatial scales spanning a 600-km region in south-eastern Australia and encompassing roughly the southern third of their geographical ranges. At the regional scale, abundances for all species were, as predicted, dramatically lower at …

Managing The Ground Parrot In Its Fiery Habitat In South-Eastern Australia, Jack Baker, Robert J. Whelan, Lyn Evans, Stephen Moore, Melinda Norton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Ground Parrot (Pezoporus wallicus) is a rare and iconic endemic of heathlands in southern Australia. It is threatened by frequent and widespreadfire. The species has been an integral element in the development of our understanding of the impacts offire regimes in heathlands and is an integral part of conservation management of thesefire-prone ecosystems. This long-term study documents the densities of Ground Parrots in three areas of long-unburnt habitat in southernNewSouth Wales. Using area searches and aural surveys, we estimated densities of Ground Parrots at Barren Grounds Nature Reserve–Budderoo National Park (1983–2009), Beecroft Weapons Range (1997–2008) and Nadgee Nature Reserve …

Management Of Amphibian Populations In Booderee National Park, South-Eastern Australia, Trent D. Penman, Traecey Brassil

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Often land set aside for conservation becomes a multiple use area, which forces land managers to balance biodiversity values against competing needs. Booderee National Park is an important conservation reserve for a range of amphibian species in south-eastern Australia. The Park includes a number of townships, defence facilities, and recreation areas, as well as land for conservation. We examined amphibian communities in the area and related these to broad habitat features and identified potential threats to the long term viability of these populations. Two distinct assemblages occurred within the Park that could be related to broad habitat features of the …

Genetic Population Structure Analysis In New Hampshire Reveals Eastern European Ancestry, Chantel D. Sloan, Angeline D. Andrew, Eric J. Duell, Scott M. Williams, Margaret R. Karagas, Jason H. Moore

Dartmouth Scholarship

Genetic structure due to ancestry has been well documented among many divergent human populations. However, the ability to associate ancestry with genetic substructure without using supervised clustering has not been explored in more presumably homogeneous and admixed US populations. The goal of this study was to determine if genetic structure could be detected in a United States population from a single state where the individuals have mixed European ancestry. Using Bayesian clustering with a set of 960 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) we found evidence of population stratification in 864 individuals from New Hampshire that can be used to differentiate the …

Performance Of Body Mass Index In Predicting Diabetes And Hypertension In The Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabia, Ali M. Almajwal, Nadira A. Al-Baghli, Marijka J. Batterham, Peter G. Williams, Khalid A. Al-Turki, Aqeel J. Al-Ghamdi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BMI is the most widely used measure to diagnose obesity but its accuracy and usefulness in Saudi subjects is unknown. This study aimed to assess the validity of standard BMI cut-point values in the Saudi population. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: 197,681 adults participated in a cross-sectional study to detect diabetes and hypertension in the Saudi Eastern province in 2004/5, with blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, height and weight measurements taken. Sensitivities, specificities, areas under the curves, predictive values, likelihood ratios, false positive, false negatives and total misclassification ratios were calculated for various BMI values determined from receiver operating characteristic …

Prediction Of The Probability Of Large Fires In The Sydney Region Of South-Eastern Australia Using Components Of Fire Weather., R A. Bradstock, J S. Cohn, A M. Gill, M Bedward, C Lucas

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The probability of large-fire (>= 1000 ha) ignition days, in the Sydney region, was examined using historical records. Relative influences of the ambient and drought components of the Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) on large fire ignition probability were explored using Bayesian logistic regression. The preferred models for two areas (Blue Mountains and Central Coast) were composed of the sum of FFDI (Drought Factor, DF = 1) (ambient component) and DF as predictors. Both drought and ambient weather positively affected the chance of large fire ignitions, with large fires more probable on the Central Coast than in the Blue …

Field Guide To The Fishes Of Eastern Washington, Allan T. Scholz, Holly J. Mclellan, Judy Mcmillan, Larry Conboy, Michelle Kirkendall, Angela Davis, Eastern Washington University. Department Of Biology., Eastern Washington University. University Graphics., United States. Bureau Of Land Management.

Biology Faculty Publications

"This book was prepared through a grant from the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM)."

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology And Nd Isotopic Signatures Of The Pre-Mesozoic Metamorphic Basement Of The Eastern Peruvian Andes: Growth And Provenance Of A Late Neoproterozoic To Carboniferous Accretionary Orogen On The Northwest Margin Of Gondwana, A Cardona, U G. Cordani, J Ruiz, V A. Valencia, R Armstrong, D Chew, A Nutman, A W. Sanchez

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This study integrates U-Pb zircon geochronology (from LAM-ICP-MS, SHRIMP, and TIMS) with Nd isotopic data from orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks of the pre-Mesozoic basement of the eastern Peruvian Andes to provide new information on the tectonic evolution and Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic paleogeography of this segment of the proto-Andean margin. A high-grade orthogneiss unit yields U-Pb zircon protolith crystallization ages of ~613 Ma. It was metamorphosed and intruded by an Early Ordovician granitoid. Subsequently, two different volcano-sedimentary sequences were laid down and metamorphosed, probably as a consequence of terrane accretion. The older sequence was deposited and metamorphosed between 450 and 420 Ma, and …

Assessment Of Eastern Bristlebird Habitat: Refining Understanding Of Appropriate Habitats For Reintroductions, Jack Baker

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The cryptic Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus) is an endangered endemic of south-eastern Australia. Its distribution is highly fragmented with only two populations exceeding 500 individuals. Consequently, recovery planning includes translocation to increase the number of viable populations. The Eastern Bristlebird is typically found in low, dense vegetation. The species occurs in 26 different plant communities throughout its range, which suggests that it might be considered a habitat generalist. However, two studies based on aural surveys have demonstrated that it was conspicuous at heath-wood ecotones. Radiotracking was used to overcome reliance on aural surveys and to investigate the habitat of 12 …

Predicting Avian Distributions To Evaluate Spatiotemporal Overlap With Locust Control Operations In Eastern Australia, Judit K. Szabo, Pamela J. Davy, Michael Hooper, Lee Astheimer

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Locusts and grasshoppers cause considerable economic damage to agriculture worldwide. The Australian Plague Locust Commission uses multiple pesticides to control locusts in eastern Australia. Avian exposure to agricultural pesticides is of conservation concern, especially in the case of rare and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of pesticide exposure of native avian species during operational locust control based on knowledge of species occurrence in areas and times of application. Using presence-absence data provided by the Birds Australia Atlas for 1998 to 2002, we developed a series of generalized linear models to predict avian occurrences …

Post-Fire Recovery Of Eastern Bristlebirds (Dasyornis Brachypterus) Is Context-Dependent, D W. Bain, J R. Baker, K O. French, R J. Whelan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In late December 2003, a wildfire in the Jervis Bay region of New South Wales burned through an area that previously supported a large population of the endangered eastern bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus). The eastern bristlebird has been described as fire-sensitive, and fire is implicated in the decline of the species. The frequency of occurrence of bristlebirds was investigated in the second week after the fire in a range of sites varying in fire intensity. Bristlebirds were found in burned habitats but were less common in the sites that were more intensely burnt. Bristlebirds had been surveyed along transects in this …

Applying Seed Germination Studies In Fire Management For Biodiversity Conservation In South-Eastern Australia., Tony D. Auld, Mark K.J Ooi

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We examine the patterns of germination response to fire in the fire-prone flora of the Sydney basin, south-eastern Australia, using examples from several decades of research. The flora shows a strong response to fire-related germination cues. Most species show an interaction between heat and smoke, a number respond only to heat, whilst a few are likely to respond only to smoke. Many recruit in the first 12 months after fire and show no obvious seasonal patterns of recruitment, whilst several species have a strong seasonal germination requirement, even in this essentially aseasonal rainfall region. Key challenges remaining include designing future …

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Abundance And Recruitment Of Ghost Shrimp Trypaea Australiensis Across Hierarchical Scales In South-Eastern Australia, Douglas Rotherham, R. J. West

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Spatial and temporal variation in abundance and recruitment of burrowing ghost shrimp Trypaea australiensis was examined across 3 south-eastern Australian estuaries using a hierarchical sampling design, over a 2 yr period. We tested the hypothesis that abundances of shrimp were different between plots (10s to 100s of metres apart), sites within estuaries (kilometres apart), estuaries (100s of kilometres apart) and through time. More frequent sampling at 1 site also examined temporal variation at scales of months, seasons and years. Another aim was to investigate the reliability of using counts of burrow openings to indirectly measure the relative abundance of T, …

Thermoregulation By Kangaroos From Mesic And Arid Habitats: Influence Of Temperature On Routes Of Heat Loss In Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus Giganteus) And Red Kangaroos (Macropus Rufus), Terence J. Dawson, Cyntina E. Blaney, Adam J. Munn, Andrew Krockenberger, Shane K. Maloney

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We examined thermoregulation in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) from deserts and in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) from mesic forests/woodlands. Desert kangaroos have complex evaporative heat loss mechanisms, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. Little is known of the abilities of grey kangaroos. Our detailed study of these kangaroos' thermoregulatory responses at air temperatures (T-a) From -5 degrees to 45 degrees C showed that, while some differences occur, their abilities are fundamentally similar. Both species show the basic marsupial characteristics of relatively low basal metabolism and body temperature (T-b). Within the thermoneutral zone, T-b was 36.3 degrees …

Ventilatory Accommodation Of Oxygen Demand And Respiratory Water Loss In Kangaroos From Mesic And Arid Environments, The Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus Giganteus) And The Red Kangaroo (Macropus Rufus), Terence J. Dawson, Adam J. Munn, Cyntina E. Blaney, Andrew Krockenberger, Shane K. Maloney

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We studied ventilation in kangaroos from mesic and arid environments, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), respectively, within the range of ambient temperatures (T-a) from -5 degrees to 45 degrees C. At thermoneutral temperatures (T-a = 25 degrees C), there were no differences between the species in respiratory frequency, tidal volume, total ventilation, or oxygen extraction. The ventilatory patterns of the kangaroos were markedly different from those predicted from the allometric equation derived for placentals. The kangaroos had low respiratory frequencies and higher tidal volumes, even when adjustment was made for their lower basal …

G99-1377 Tree Squirrels And Their Control, Dallas R. Virchow, Scott E. Hygnstrom, John M. Hobbs

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes tree squirrel biology and behavior and characterizes the types of damage they cause. It suggests control methods and equipment and describes legal restrictions.

Tree squirrels are known for their bushy tails and their ability to climb high into trees. The eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) is the most common tree squirrel in Nebraska. It is common throughout the state. The eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) occurs only in the extreme southeastern portion of Nebraska. The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) occurs uncommonly and only in southeastern Nebraska in the forested Missouri …

G96-1308 Management Of Eastern Redcedar On Grasslands, John Ortmann, James L. Stubbendieck, George Pfeiffer, Robert A. Masters, Walter H. Schacht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Developing an integrated control program including prescribed burning, herbicides, and cutting may be the best way to control eastern redcedar in Nebraska, according to recent research. Eastern redcedar is a serious threat to grassland productivity. Some control methods may be too expensive to use on grasslands, but in many cases, an integrated approach combining fire with more intensive follow-up methods will provide reasonable control at an acceptable cost.