Life Sciences Commons^™

Survival Advantage Of Both Human Hepatocyte Xenografts And Genome-Edited Hepatocytes For Treatment Of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Florie Borel, Qiushi Tang, Gwladys Gernoux, Cynthia Greer, Ziqiong Wang, Adi Barzel, Mark A. Kay, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, Terence R. Flotte, Michael A. Brehm, Christian Mueller

Christian Mueller

Hepatocytes represent an important target for gene therapy and editing of single-gene disorders. In alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, one missense mutation results in impaired secretion of AAT. In most patients, lung damage occurs due to a lack of AAT-mediated protection of lung elastin from neutrophil elastase. In some patients, accumulation of misfolded PiZ mutant AAT protein triggers hepatocyte injury, leading to inflammation and cirrhosis. We hypothesized that correcting the Z mutant defect in hepatocytes would confer a selective advantage for repopulation of hepatocytes within an intact liver. A human PiZ allele was crossed onto an immune-deficient (NSG) strain to create …

Living Seeds Of History: The John Stokes And Mary's Gardens Exhibit, Stephanie Shreffler, Kayla Harris

Kayla Harris

This panel describes how the University of Dayton planned and carried out an exhibit on the John Stokes and Mary’s Gardens archival collection, featuring a garden inside the library. A “Mary garden” is a garden filled with flowers named for Mary.

The panel describes the content of the collection and how the exhibit was originally conceived; the exhibit design and programming; and the challenges faced during the planning process.

The exhibit provided a way for the Libraries to promote an archival collection that not only closely connected with the University’s mission as a Catholic institution, but also provided new opportunities …

Emma Lucy Braun's Forest Plots In Eastern North America, Robert E. Ricklefs

Robert Ricklefs

No abstract provided.

Survey Instrument: Data Challenges Of Biomedical Researchers In The Age Of Omics, Rolando Garcia-Milian, Denise Hersey, Milica Vukmirovic

Rolando Garcia-Milian

No abstract provided.

Interview Questionaire: Data Challenges Of Biomedical Researchers In The Age Of Omics, Rolando Garcia-Milian, Denise Hersey, Milica Vukmirovic

Rolando Garcia-Milian

No abstract provided.

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Mechanical Test Methods For Assessing Porcine Carotid And Uterine Artery Burst Pressure Following Ex Vivo Ultrasonic Ligature Seal And Transection, Carissa M. Krane, Margaret Pinnell, Courtney Gardner, Mercedes Thompson, James Coleman, Robert Wilkens

Robert J. Wilkens

A test method was developed to identify those variables important for assessing the performance of ultrasonic surgical devices in ex vivo ligature sealing of porcine carotid and uterine arteries. Ruggedness testing using a small sample size in pilot experiments was conducted using a newly developed test method in an effort to assess the usefulness of this methodology and to identify test variables that might warrant further testing. The development of this test method included the use of a custom-designed prototypic tension device for load-controlled ex vivo vessel stretching during saline perfusion and subsequent seal and transection of porcine arteries with …

Effects Of Lower Extremity Aerobic Exercise And Conditioned Pain Modulation On Evoked Shoulder Pain, Logan Lumpkins, Craig Wassinger Pt, Ph. D

Logan Lumpkins

Quantifying The Benefits Of On-Farm Best Management Practices For Irrigation And Nutrient Management, I. Zaragoza, K. Post, L. Johnson, R. Spellenberg, S. Kortman, C. Rosevelt, G. Muro, D. Goorahoo, F. Cassel-Sharma, M. Cahn, A. Haffa, F. Melton

Arlene Haffa

Operationalizing The Telecoupling Framework For Migratory Species Using The Spatial Subsidies Approach To Examine Ecosystem Services Provided By Mexican Free-Tailed Bats, Laura López-Hoffman, Jay E. Diffendorfer, Ruscena Wiederholt, Kenneth J. Bagstad, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Gary F. Mccracken, Rodrigo A. Medellín, Amy L. Russell, Darius J. Semmens

Amy L. Russell

Hydrophobic Interactions Of Sucralose With Protein Structures, Erika A. Taylor

Erika A. Taylor, Ph.D.

Discrepancies In Publications Related To Hmb-Fa And Atp Supplementation, Jeremy A. Gentles, Stuart M. Phillips

Jeremy A. Gentles

The New Environmental Law: Forest Certification, Errol E. Meidinger

Errol Meidinger

This paper argues that the rapidly expanding practice of forest certification, together with similar developments in other sectors, is creating a new template for environmental law. Nongovernmental organizations and some industry actors are establishing binding regulatory standards, systems for monitoring compliance, sanctions for non-compliance, and, when things work well, methods for assessment and revision. It locates these developments as a part of “phase 3” of environmental law, which also involves a proliferation of other initiatives beyond traditional regulation. Finally, it offers a preliminary discussion of the efficacy, adaptability, coherence, and legitimacy of the emergent system.

The Fundamentals Of Forest Certification, Errol Meidinger, Christopher Elliott, Gerhard Oesten

Errol Meidinger

Published in Social and Political Dimensions of Forest Certification, Errol Meidinger, Christopher Elliott & Gerhard Oesten, eds.

Forest Certification As A Global Civil Society Regulatory Institution, Errol E. Meidinger

Errol Meidinger

Published in Social and Political Dimensions of Forest Certification, Errol Meidinger, Christopher Elliott & Gerhard Oesten, eds.

Forest Certification As Environmental Law Making By Global Civil Society, Errol E. Meidinger

Errol Meidinger

Published in Social and Political Dimensions of Forest Certification, Errol Meidinger, Christopher Elliott & Gerhard Oesten, eds.

Governance Rules And Bargaining Power In Sustainability Alliances, Matthew Elliott, Lisa Elliott

Matthew Elliott

A Survey Of Lepidopteran Diversity And Abundance At Longwood University’S Lancer Park, Victoria Acosta, Sujan Henkanaththegedara

Victoria Acosta

Toward A Synthesis Of Conservation And Animal Welfare Science, David Fraser

David Fraser, PhD

Conservation biology and animal welfare science are multidisciplinary fields of research that address social concerns about animals. Conservation biology focuses on wild animals, works at the level of populations, ecological systems and genetic types, and deals with threats to biodiversity and ecological integrity. Animal welfare science typically focuses on captive (often domestic) animals, works at the level of individuals and groups, and deals with threats to the animals’ health and quality of life. However, there are many areas of existing or potential overlap: (i) many real-life problems, such as environmental contamination, urban development and transportation, create problems for animals that …

On-Farm Welfare Assessment For Regulatory Purposes: Issues And Possible Solutions, Jan Tind Sørensen, David Fraser

David Fraser, PhD

On-farm welfare assessment has been used mainly for non-regulatory purposes such as producer education or to qualify for voluntary welfare-assurance programs. The application of on-farm assessments in regulatory programs would require four issues to be addressed: (1) selecting criteria that are widely accepted as valid by diverse citizens, (2) setting minimum legal levels, (3) achieving the high level of fairness and objectivity required for legally binding requirements, and (4) achieving the cost-efficiency needed for widespread use of the methods. Issues 1 and 2 pose a particular problem because different citizens disagree on what they understand as good animal welfare, with …

Rating Harms To Wildlife: A Survey Showing Convergence Between Conservation And Animal Welfare Views, S. Dubois, D. Fraser

David Fraser, PhD

Human activities may cause conservation concerns when animal populations or ecosystems are harmed and animal welfare concerns when individuals are harmed. In general, people are concerned with one or the other, as the concepts may be regarded as separate or even at odds. An online purposive survey of 339 British Columbians explored differences between groups that varied by gender, residency, wildlife engagement level and value orientation (conservation-oriented or animal welfare-oriented), to see how they rated the level of harm to wildlife caused by different human activities. Women, urban residents, those with low wildlife engagement, and welfare-orientated participants generally scored activities …

Four Types Of Activities That Affect Animals: Implications For Animal Welfare Science And Animal Ethics Philosophy, D. Fraser, A. M. Macrae

David Fraser, PhD

People affect animals through four broad types of activity: (1) people keep companion, farm, laboratory and captive wild animals, often while using them for some purpose; (2) people cause deliberate harm to animals through activities such as slaughter, pest control, hunting, and toxicology testing; (3) people cause direct but unintended harm to animals through crop production, transportation, night-time lighting, and many other human activities; and (4) people harm animals indirectly by disturbing ecological systems and the processes of nature, for example by destroying habitat, introducing foreign species, and causing pollution and climate change. Each type of activity affects vast numbers …

Goats Display Audience-Dependent Human-Directed Gazing Behaviour In A Problem-Solving Task, Christian Nawroth, Jemma M. Brett, Alan G. Mcelligott

Alan G. McElligott, Ph.D.

Domestication is an important factor driving changes in animal cognition and behaviour. In particular, the capacity of dogs to communicate in a referential and intentional way with humans is considered a key outcome of how domestication as a companion animal shaped the canid brain. However, the lack of comparison with other domestic animals makes general conclusions about how domestication has affected these important cognitive features difficult. We investigated human-directed behaviour in an ‘unsolvable problem’ task in a domestic, but non-companion species: goats. During the test, goats experienced a forward-facing or an away-facing person. They gazed towards the forward-facing person earlier …

Vocal Individuality And Species Divergence In The Contact Calls Of Banded Penguins, Livio Favaro, Claudia Gili, Cristiano Da Rugna, Guido Gnone, Chiara Fissore, Daniel Sanchez, Alan G. Mcelligott, Marco Gamba, Daniela Pessani

Alan G. McElligott, PhD

Penguins produce contact calls to maintain social relationships and group cohesion. Such vocalisations have recently been demonstrated to encode individual identity information in the African penguin. Using a source-filter theory approach, we investigated whether acoustic cues of individuality can also be found in other Spheniscus penguins and the acoustic features of contact calls have diverged within this genus. We recorded vocalisations from two ex-situ colonies of Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguin (sympatric and potentially interbreeding in the wild) and one ex-situ group of African penguins (allopatric although capable of interbreeding with the other two species in captivity). We measured 14 …

Benchmarking Gc Adoption By The Global Pharma Industry-Acs Sust Chem And Eng-11-28-2017.Pdf, Vesela R. Veleva, Berkeley Cue, Svetlana Todorova

Vesela Veleva

The Use Of Judgement Bias To Assess Welfare In Farm Livestock, L. Baciadonna, A. G. Mcelligott

Alan G. McElligott, PhD

The development of accurate measures of animal emotions is important for improving and promoting animal welfare. Cognitive bias indicates the effect of emotional states on cognitive processes, such as memory, attention, and judgement. Cognitive bias tests complement existing behavioural and physiological measures for assessing the valence of animal emotions indirectly. The judgement bias test has been used to assess emotional states in non-human animals; mainly in laboratory settings. The aim of this review is to summarise the findings on the use of the judgement bias test approach in assessing emotions in non-human animals, focusing in particular on farm livestock. The …

Social Effects On Vocal Ontogeny In An Ungulate, The Goat, Capra Hircus, Elodie F. Briefer, Alan G. Mcelligott

Alan G. McElligott, PhD

Vocal plasticity is the ability of an individual to modify its vocalizations according to its environment. Humans benefit from an extreme form of vocal plasticity, allowing us to produce a wide range of sounds. This capacity to modify sounds has been shown in three bird orders and in a few nonhuman mammal species, all characterized by complex vocal communication systems. In other mammals, there is no evidence for a social impact on vocal development. We investigated whether contact calls were affected by social environment and kinship during early ontogeny in goats, a highly vocal and social species. To test the …