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Mammary Epithelial Transplant Procedure, Karen A. Dunphy, Luwei Tao, D. Joseph Jerry
Mammary Epithelial Transplant Procedure, Karen A. Dunphy, Luwei Tao, D. Joseph Jerry
D. Joseph Jerry
This article describes and compares the fat pad clearance procedure developed by DeOme KB et al.1 and the sparing procedure developed by Brill B et al.2, followed by the mammary epithelial transplant procedure. The mammary transplant procedure is widely used by mammary biologists because it takes advantage of the fact that significant development of the mammary epithelium doesn't occur until after puberty. At 3 weeks of age, growth of the mammary epithelial tree is confined to the vicinity of the nipple and the fat pad is largely devoid of mammary epithelium, but by 7 weeks of age the epithelial ductal …
Regulation Of Cancer Stem Cells By P53, D. Joseph Jerry, Luwei Tao, Haoheng Yan
Regulation Of Cancer Stem Cells By P53, D. Joseph Jerry, Luwei Tao, Haoheng Yan
D. Joseph Jerry
The hypothesis that cancer stem cells are responsible for the chemoresistant and metastatic phenotypes of many breast cancers has gained support using cell-sorting strategies to enrich the tumor-initiating population of cells. The mechanisms regulating the cancer stem cell pool, however, are less clear. Two recent publications suggest that loss of p53 permits expansion of presumptive cancer stem cells in mouse mammary tumors and in human breast cell lines. These results add restriction of cancer stem cells as a new tumor suppressor activity attributed to p53.
Estrogen And Progesterone Induce Persistent Increases In P53-Dependent Apoptosis And Suppress Mammary Tumors In Balb/C-Trp53+/- Mice, D. Joseph Jerry, K.A. Dunphy, A.C. Blackburn, H. Yan, L.R. O'Connell
Estrogen And Progesterone Induce Persistent Increases In P53-Dependent Apoptosis And Suppress Mammary Tumors In Balb/C-Trp53+/- Mice, D. Joseph Jerry, K.A. Dunphy, A.C. Blackburn, H. Yan, L.R. O'Connell
D. Joseph Jerry
Introduction - Treatment with estrogen and progesterone (E+P) mimics the protective effect of parity on mammary tumors in rodents and depends upon the activity of p53. The following experiments tested whether exogenous E+P primes p53 to be more responsive to DNA damage and whether these pathways confer resistance to mammary tumors in a mouse model of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Methods Mice that differ in p53 status (Trp53+/+, Trp53+/-, Trp53-/-) were treated with E+P for 14 days and then were tested for p53-dependent responses to ionizing radiation. Responses were also examined in parous and age-matched virgins. The effects of hormonal exposures on …
Protein-Passivated Fe3o4 Nanoparticles: Low Toxicity And Rapid Heating For Thermal Therapy, D. Joseph Jerry, Bappaditya Samanta, Haoheng Yan, Nicholas O. Fisher, Jing Shi, Vincent M. Rotello
Protein-Passivated Fe3o4 Nanoparticles: Low Toxicity And Rapid Heating For Thermal Therapy, D. Joseph Jerry, Bappaditya Samanta, Haoheng Yan, Nicholas O. Fisher, Jing Shi, Vincent M. Rotello
D. Joseph Jerry
Thermotherapy is a promising technique for the minimally invasive elimination of solid tumors. Here we report the fabrication of protein -coated iron oxide NPs (12 nm core) for use as thermal therapeutic agents. These albumin-passivated NPs are stable under physiological conditions, with rapid heating and cell killing capacity upon alternating magnetic field (AMF) exposure. The mode of action is specific: no measurable cytotoxicity was observed for the particle without AMF or for AMF exposure without the particle.
Roles For Estrogen And Progesterone In Breast Cancer Prevention, D. Joseph Jerry
Roles For Estrogen And Progesterone In Breast Cancer Prevention, D. Joseph Jerry
D. Joseph Jerry
Prevention has long been the holy grail of breast cancer research. The significant reduction in breast cancer risk afforded by a full-term pregnancy early in life suggests the great potential of preventive strategies. In contrast to the risks associated with prolonged exposures, exogenous estrogen and progesterone for short durations can mimic the protective effects of pregnancy in carcinogen-induced mammary tumor models. Rajkumar and coworkers have now demonstrated that these hormones protect mice from mammary tumors initiated by a spectrum of oncogenic alterations that are common in breast cancers. Although differences between rodent models and humans remain, the results reveal that …
Genetic Mapping In Mice Identifies Dmbt1 As A Candidate Modifier Of Breast Cancer Risk, A. C. Blackburn, L. Z. Hills, A. L. Roberts, J. Wang, D. Aud, J Jung, T. Nikolcheva, J. Allard, G. Peltz, C. N. Otis, Q. J. Cao, R. Ricketts, S.P. Mollenhauer, S. P. Naber, D. Malamud, A. Poustka, D. Joseph Jerry
Genetic Mapping In Mice Identifies Dmbt1 As A Candidate Modifier Of Breast Cancer Risk, A. C. Blackburn, L. Z. Hills, A. L. Roberts, J. Wang, D. Aud, J Jung, T. Nikolcheva, J. Allard, G. Peltz, C. N. Otis, Q. J. Cao, R. Ricketts, S.P. Mollenhauer, S. P. Naber, D. Malamud, A. Poustka, D. Joseph Jerry
D. Joseph Jerry
Low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles seem to play a significant role in breast cancer risk but are difficult to identify in human cohorts. A genetic screen of 176 N2 backcross progeny of two Trp53+/− strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, which differ in their susceptibility to mammary tumors, identified a modifier of mammary tumor susceptibility in an ∼25-Mb interval on mouse chromosome 7 (designated SuprMam1). Relative to heterozygotes, homozygosity for BALB/c alleles of SuprMam1 significantly decreased mammary tumor latency from 70.7 to 61.1 weeks and increased risk twofold (P = 0.002). Dmbt1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1) was identified as a …
Knockout And Transgenic Mice Of Trp53: What Have We Learned About P53 In Breast Cancer?, Anneke C. Blackburn, D. Joseph Jerry
Knockout And Transgenic Mice Of Trp53: What Have We Learned About P53 In Breast Cancer?, Anneke C. Blackburn, D. Joseph Jerry
D. Joseph Jerry
The human p53 tumor suppressor gene TP53 is mutated at a high frequency in sporadic breast cancer, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients who carry germline mutations in one TP53 allele have a high incidence of breast cancer. In the 10 years since the first knockout of the mouse p53 tumor suppressor gene (designated Trp53) was published, much has been learned about the contribution of p53 to biology and tumor suppression in the breast through the use of p53 transgenic and knockout mice. The original mice deficient in p53 showed no mammary gland phenotype. However, studies using BALB/c-Trp53-deficient mice have demonstrated a …
Hormonal Control Of P53 And Chemoprevention, D. Joseph Jerry, Lisa M. Minter, Klaus A. Becker, Anneke C. Blackburn
Hormonal Control Of P53 And Chemoprevention, D. Joseph Jerry, Lisa M. Minter, Klaus A. Becker, Anneke C. Blackburn
D. Joseph Jerry
Improvements in the detection and treatment of breast cancer have dramatically altered its clinical course and outcome. However, prevention of breast cancer remains an elusive goal. Parity, age of menarche, and age at menopause are major risk factors drawing attention to the important role of the endocrine system in determining the risk of breast cancer, while heritable breast cancer susceptibility syndromes have implicated tumor suppressor genes as important targets. Recent work demonstrating hormonal modulation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway draws together these established determinants of risk to provide a model of developmental susceptibility to breast cancer. In this model, …