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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

If You Don't Fit In, Poem 1/1/2016, Charles Kay Smith Jan 2016

If You Don't Fit In, Poem 1/1/2016, Charles Kay Smith

Charles Kay Smith

Can those who stand awry their culture best serve society?


Plant Patents - Presentation To Northfield Garden Club, Paulina Borrego Sep 2015

Plant Patents - Presentation To Northfield Garden Club, Paulina Borrego

Paulina Borrego

Plant Patents


Recent Advances In Functional Assays Of Transcriptional Enhancers, Courtney Babbitt, Michele Markstein, Jesse Gray Sep 2015

Recent Advances In Functional Assays Of Transcriptional Enhancers, Courtney Babbitt, Michele Markstein, Jesse Gray

Michele Markstein

In this special edition of Genomics, we present reviews of the current state of the field in identifying and functionally understanding transcriptional enhancers in cells and developing tissues. Typically several enhancers coordinate the expression of an individual target gene, each controlling that gene's expression in specific cell types at specific times. Until recently, identifying each gene's enhancers had been challenging because enhancers do not occupy prescribed locations relative to their target genes. Recently there have been powerful advances in DNA sequencing and other technologies that make it possible to identify the majority of enhancers in virtually any cell type of …


Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine K. Charney Oct 2014

Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Highlights the versatile and nutritious flax plant, now cultivated worldwide.


Merci Beaucoup, Mercy Barracuda, Charles Smith, Virginia Midyette Jun 2014

Merci Beaucoup, Mercy Barracuda, Charles Smith, Virginia Midyette

Charles Kay Smith

A children's book of 45 pp for ages 9-12. The story is about a friendly Barracuda named Mercy who teaches environmentalism to schools of fish, and three children who fall in love with her.


Youth Participation In Changing Food Systems: Toward Food Justice Youth Development, Krista Harper, Catherine Sands, Diego Angarita, Molly Totman Mar 2014

Youth Participation In Changing Food Systems: Toward Food Justice Youth Development, Krista Harper, Catherine Sands, Diego Angarita, Molly Totman

Krista M. Harper

We present results from a youth participatory action research (YPAR) project in which young people from Holyoke studied the school food system in order to make positive interventions in their school district. We used the Photovoice research method, placing cameras in the hands of youth so that they themselves could document and discuss their concerns and perspectives (Wang, et al., 1996). The research was designed to gain insight about the students’ knowledge of food, nutrition, and community food systems. The research also illuminated students’ impressions of public policy, active citizenship, and community building that have arisen out of food justice …


Impact Of Accelerometer Data Processing Decisions On The Sample Size, Wear Time And Physical Activity Level Of A Large Cohort Study, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Eric Shiroma, Patty Freedson, I-Min Lee Jan 2014

Impact Of Accelerometer Data Processing Decisions On The Sample Size, Wear Time And Physical Activity Level Of A Large Cohort Study, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Eric Shiroma, Patty Freedson, I-Min Lee

Patty S. Freedson

Background Accelerometers objectively assess physical activity (PA) and are currently used in several large-scale epidemiological studies, but there is no consensus for processing the data. This study compared the impact of wear-time assessment methods and using either vertical (V)-axis or vector magnitude (VM) cut-points on accelerometer output. Methods Participants (7,650 women, mean age 71.4 y) were mailed an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+), instructed to wear it for 7 days, record dates and times the monitor was worn on a log, and return the monitor and log via mail. Data were processed using three wear-time methods (logs, Troiano or Choi algorithms) and …


Systematic Screen Of Chemotherapeutics In Drosophila Stem Cell Tumors, Michele Markstein, Samantha Detorree, Julio Cho, Ralph Neumüller, Soren Craig-Müller, Norbert Perrimon Jan 2014

Systematic Screen Of Chemotherapeutics In Drosophila Stem Cell Tumors, Michele Markstein, Samantha Detorree, Julio Cho, Ralph Neumüller, Soren Craig-Müller, Norbert Perrimon

Michele Markstein

Here we report the development of an in vivo system to study the interaction of stem cells with drugs using a tumor model in the adult Drosophila intestine. Strikingly, we find that some Food and Drug Administration-approved chemotherapeutics that can inhibit the growth of Drosophila tumor stem cells can paradoxically promote the hyperproliferation of their wild-type counterparts. These results reveal an unanticipated side effect on stem cells that may contribute to tumor recurrence. We propose that the same side effect may occur in humans based on our finding that it is driven in Drosophila by the evolutionarily conserved Janus kinase-signal …


Gene Expression Profiling Identifies The Zinc-Finger Protein Charlatan As A Regulator Of Intestinal Stem Cells In Drosophila, Alla Amcheslavsky, Yingchao Nie, Qi Li, Feng He, Michele Markstein, Yt Ip, Leo Tsuda Jan 2014

Gene Expression Profiling Identifies The Zinc-Finger Protein Charlatan As A Regulator Of Intestinal Stem Cells In Drosophila, Alla Amcheslavsky, Yingchao Nie, Qi Li, Feng He, Michele Markstein, Yt Ip, Leo Tsuda

Michele Markstein

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the adult Drosophila midgut can respond to tissue damage and support repair. We used genetic manipulation to increase the number of ISC-like cells in the adult midgut and performed gene expression profiling to identify potential ISC regulators. A detailed analysis of one of these potential regulators, the zinc-finger protein Charlatan, was carried out. MARCM clonal analysis and RNAi in precursor cells showed that loss of Chn function caused severe ISC division defects, including loss of EdU incorporation, phosphorylated histone 3 staining and expression of the mitotic protein Cdc2. Loss of Charlatan also led to a …


Science And Policy On Endocrine Disrupters Must Not Be Mixed: A Reply To A "Common Sense" Intervention By Toxicology Journal Editors, Åke Bergman, Anna-Maria Andersson, Georg Becher, Martin Van Den Berg, Bruce Blumberg, Poul Bjerregaard, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Riana Bornman, Ingvar Brandt, Jayne V. Brian, Stephanie C. Casey, Paul A. Fowler, Heloise Frouin, Linda C. Giudice, Taisen Iguchi, Ulla Hass, Susan Jobling, Anders Juul, Karen A. Kidd, Andreas Kortenkamp, Monica Lind, Olwenn V. Martin, Derek Muir, Roseline Ochieng, Nicolas Olea, Leif Norrgren, Erik Ropstad, Peter S. Ross, Christina Rudén, Martin Scheringer, Niels Erik Skakkebaek, Olle Söder, Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana Soto, Shanna Swan, Jorma Toppari, Charles R. Tyler, Laura N. Vandenberg, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Karin Wiberg, R. Thomas Zoeller Aug 2013

Science And Policy On Endocrine Disrupters Must Not Be Mixed: A Reply To A "Common Sense" Intervention By Toxicology Journal Editors, Åke Bergman, Anna-Maria Andersson, Georg Becher, Martin Van Den Berg, Bruce Blumberg, Poul Bjerregaard, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Riana Bornman, Ingvar Brandt, Jayne V. Brian, Stephanie C. Casey, Paul A. Fowler, Heloise Frouin, Linda C. Giudice, Taisen Iguchi, Ulla Hass, Susan Jobling, Anders Juul, Karen A. Kidd, Andreas Kortenkamp, Monica Lind, Olwenn V. Martin, Derek Muir, Roseline Ochieng, Nicolas Olea, Leif Norrgren, Erik Ropstad, Peter S. Ross, Christina Rudén, Martin Scheringer, Niels Erik Skakkebaek, Olle Söder, Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana Soto, Shanna Swan, Jorma Toppari, Charles R. Tyler, Laura N. Vandenberg, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Karin Wiberg, R. Thomas Zoeller

R. Thomas Zoeller

The “common sense” intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.


Simple To Complex Modeling Of Breathing Volume Using A Motion Sensor, Dinesh John, John Staudenmayer, Patty Freedson May 2013

Simple To Complex Modeling Of Breathing Volume Using A Motion Sensor, Dinesh John, John Staudenmayer, Patty Freedson

Patty S. Freedson

Purpose—To compare simple and complex modeling techniques to estimate categories of low, medium, and high ventilation (VE) from ActiGraph™ activity counts. Methods—Vertical axis ActiGraph™ GT1M activity counts, oxygen consumption and VE were measured during treadmill walking and running, sports, household chores and labor-intensive employment activities. Categories of low (<19.3 l/min), medium (19.3 to 35.4 l/min) and high (>35.4 l/min) VEs were derived from activity intensity classifications (light <2.9 METs, moderate 3.0 to 5.9 METs and vigorous >6.0 METs). We examined the accuracy of two simple techniques (multiple regression and activity count cut-point analyses) and one complex (random forest technique) modeling technique in predicting VE from activity counts. Results—Prediction accuracy of the complex random forest technique was marginally …


Society Of The Quarter: Sustainable Agriculture Education Association, Madeleine K. Charney Apr 2013

Society Of The Quarter: Sustainable Agriculture Education Association, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

A expose of the organization's innovative educational approaches for sustainable agriculture through the development, application, and research of teaching and learning practices. Includes the history, past conferences, and plans for an open access curriculum library.


Sustained And Shorter Bouts Of Physical Activity Are Related To Cardiovascular Health, Nicole Glazer, Asya Lyass, Dale Esliger, Susan Blease, Patty Freedson, Joseph Massaro, Joanne Murabito, Ramachandran Vasan Jan 2013

Sustained And Shorter Bouts Of Physical Activity Are Related To Cardiovascular Health, Nicole Glazer, Asya Lyass, Dale Esliger, Susan Blease, Patty Freedson, Joseph Massaro, Joanne Murabito, Ramachandran Vasan

Patty S. Freedson

Purpose—Whereas greater physical activity (PA) is known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relative importance of performing PA in sustained bouts of activity versus shorter bouts of activity on CVD risk is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured in bouts ≥10 minutes and <10 minutes, and CVD risk factors in a well-characterized, community-based sample of white adults. Methods—We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2109 Framingham Heart Study Third Generation participants (mean age 47 years, 55% women) who underwent objective assessment of PA by accelerometry over 57 days. Total MVPA, MVPA done in bouts ≥10 minutes (MVPA10+), and MVPA done in bouts <10 minutes (MVPA<10) were calculated. MVPA exposures were related to individual CVD risk factors, including measures of adiposity and blood lipid and glucose levels, using linear and logistic regression. Results—Total MVPA was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and with lower triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference and Framingham risk score (P<0.0001). MVPA<10 showed similar statistically significant associations with these CVD risk factors (P <0.001). Compliance with national guidelines (≥150 minutes of total MVPA) was significantly related to lower BMI, triglycerides, Framingham risk score, waist circumference, higher HDL, and a lower prevalence of obesity and impaired fasting glucose (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions—Our cross-sectional observations on a large middle-aged community-based sample confirm a positive association of MVPA with a healthier CVD risk factor profile, and indicate that accruing physical activity in bouts <10 minutes may favorably influence cardiometabolic risk. Additional investigations are warranted to confirm our findings.


When Is A Microbial Culture "Pure"? Persistent Cryptic Contaminant Escapes Detection Even With Deep Genome Sequencing, Pravin Malla, Kelly P. Nevin, Minita Shrestha, Derek R. Lovley Jan 2013

When Is A Microbial Culture "Pure"? Persistent Cryptic Contaminant Escapes Detection Even With Deep Genome Sequencing, Pravin Malla, Kelly P. Nevin, Minita Shrestha, Derek R. Lovley

Derek Lovley

Geobacter sulfurreducens strain KN400 was recovered in previous studies in which a culture of the DL1 strain of G. sulfurreducens served as the inoculum in investigations of microbial current production at low anode potentials (_400 mV versus Ag/AgCl). Differences in the genome sequences of KN400 and DL1 were too great to have arisen from adaptive evolution during growth on the anode. Previous deep sequencing (80-fold coverage) of the DL1 culture failed to detect sequences specific to KN400, suggesting that KN400 was an external contaminant inadvertently introduced into the anode culturing system. In order to evaluate this further, a portion of …


Aromatic Amino Acids Required For Pili Conductivity And Long-Range Extracellular Electron Transport In Geobacter Sulfurreducens, Madeline Vargas, Nikhil S. Malvankar, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Ching Leang, Jessica A. Smith, Pranav Patel, Oona Synoeyenbos-West, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovley Jan 2013

Aromatic Amino Acids Required For Pili Conductivity And Long-Range Extracellular Electron Transport In Geobacter Sulfurreducens, Madeline Vargas, Nikhil S. Malvankar, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Ching Leang, Jessica A. Smith, Pranav Patel, Oona Synoeyenbos-West, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovley

Derek Lovley

It has been proposed that Geobacter sulfurreducens requires conductive pili for long-range electron transport to Fe(III) oxides and for high-density current production in microbial fuel cells. In order to investigate this further, we constructed a strain of G. sulfurreducens, designated Aro-5, which produced pili with diminished conductivity. This was accomplished by modifying the amino acid sequence of PilA, the structural pilin protein. An alanine was substituted for each of the five aromatic amino acids in the carboxyl terminus of PilA, the region in which G. sulfurreducens PilA differs most significantly from the PilAs of microorganisms incapable of long-range extracellular electron …


Fluctuations In Species-Level Protein Expression Occur During Element And Nutrient Cycling In The Subsurface, Michael J. Wilkins, Kelly C. Wrighton, Carrie D. Nicora, Kenneth H. Williams, Lee Ann Mccue, Kim M. Handley, Chris S. Miller, Ludovic Giloteaux, Alison P. Montogomery, Derek R. Lovley, Jillian F. Banfield, Philip E. Long, Mary S. Lipton Jan 2013

Fluctuations In Species-Level Protein Expression Occur During Element And Nutrient Cycling In The Subsurface, Michael J. Wilkins, Kelly C. Wrighton, Carrie D. Nicora, Kenneth H. Williams, Lee Ann Mccue, Kim M. Handley, Chris S. Miller, Ludovic Giloteaux, Alison P. Montogomery, Derek R. Lovley, Jillian F. Banfield, Philip E. Long, Mary S. Lipton

Derek Lovley

While microbial activities in environmental systems play a key role in the utilization and cycling of essential elements and compounds, microbial activity and growth frequently fluctuates in response to environmental stimuli and perturbations. To investigate these fluctuations within a saturated aquifer system, we monitored a carbon-stimulated in situ Geobacter population while iron reduction was occurring, using 16S rRNA abundances and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry proteome measurements. Following carbon amendment, 16S rRNA analysis of temporally separated samples revealed the rapid enrichment of Geobacter-like environmental strains with strong similarity to G. bemidjiensis. Tandem mass spectrometry proteomics measurements suggest high carbon flux through …


Perturbation Of Brachypodium Distachyon Cellulose Synthase A4 Or 7 Results In Abnormal Cell Walls, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Dominick A. Matos, Karen S. Osmont, Michael J. Harrington, Kyuyoung Heo, Kabindra Kafle, Seong H. Kim, Tobias Baskin, Samuel P. Hazen Jan 2013

Perturbation Of Brachypodium Distachyon Cellulose Synthase A4 Or 7 Results In Abnormal Cell Walls, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Dominick A. Matos, Karen S. Osmont, Michael J. Harrington, Kyuyoung Heo, Kabindra Kafle, Seong H. Kim, Tobias Baskin, Samuel P. Hazen

Tobias Baskin

Background: Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) secondary wall CESA loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls. Results: Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall CESAs in Brachypodium distachyon as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in A. thaliana, namely CESA4/7/8. To functionally characterize …


Modeling Colorectal Cancer As A 3-Dimensional Disease In A Dish: The Case For Drug Screening Using Organoids, Zebrafish, And Fruit Flies, Michele Markstein Jan 2013

Modeling Colorectal Cancer As A 3-Dimensional Disease In A Dish: The Case For Drug Screening Using Organoids, Zebrafish, And Fruit Flies, Michele Markstein

Michele Markstein

This review discusses recent shifts in the understanding of colorectal cancer as a stem cell based disease, based on findings that tie patient prognosis to the presence of cancer stem cells in colorectal tumors. Currently no drugs specifically target CSCs in colorectal tumors. However, recent advances in the culturing of colorectal stem cells using mammalian organoids, zebrafish, and Drosophila offer promising avenues for anti-CSC drug discovery.


Engineering Geobacter Sulferreducens To Produce A Highly Cohesive Conductive Matrix With Enhanced Capacity For Current Production, Ching Leang, Nikhil S. Malvankar, Ashley E. Franks, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovley Jan 2013

Engineering Geobacter Sulferreducens To Produce A Highly Cohesive Conductive Matrix With Enhanced Capacity For Current Production, Ching Leang, Nikhil S. Malvankar, Ashley E. Franks, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovley

Derek Lovley

The conductive biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens have potential applications in renewable energy, bioremediation, and bioelectronics. In an attempt to alter biofilm properties, genes encoding proteins with a PilZ domain were deleted from the G. sulfurreducens genome. A strain, in which the gene GSU1240 was deleted, designated strain CL-1, formed biofilms much more effectively than did the wildtype strain. Increased production of pili and exopolysaccharide were associated with the enhanced biofilm production. When grown with an electrode as the electron acceptor CL-1 produced biofilms that were 6-fold more conductive than wild-type biofilms. The greater conductivity lowered the potential losses in microbial …


Improved Cathode Materials For Microbial Eletrosynthesis, Tian Zhang, Huarong Nie, Timothy S. Bain, Haiyun Lu, Mengmeng Cui, Oona L. Snoeyenbos-West, Ashley E. Franks, Kelly P. Nevin, Thomas P. Russell, Derek R. Lovley Jan 2013

Improved Cathode Materials For Microbial Eletrosynthesis, Tian Zhang, Huarong Nie, Timothy S. Bain, Haiyun Lu, Mengmeng Cui, Oona L. Snoeyenbos-West, Ashley E. Franks, Kelly P. Nevin, Thomas P. Russell, Derek R. Lovley

Derek Lovley

Microbial electrosynthesis is a promising strategy for the microbial conversion of carbon dioxide to transportation fuels and other organic commodities, but optimization of this process is required for commercialization. Cathodes which enhance electrode–microbe electron transfer might improve rates of product formation. To evaluate this possibility, biofilms of Sporomusa ovata, which are effective in acetate electrosynthesis, were grown on a range of cathode materials and acetate production was monitored over time. Modifications of carbon cloth that resulted in a positive-charge enhanced microbial electrosynthesis. Functionalization with chitosan or cyanuric chloride increased acetate production rates 6–7 fold and modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane gave rates …


Perturbation Of Brachypodium Distachyon Cellulose Synthase A4 Or 7 Results In Abnormal Cell Walls, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Dominick A. Matos, Karen S. Osmont, Michael J. Harrington, Kyuyoung Heo, Kabindra Kafle, Seong H. Kim, Tobias I. Baskin, Samuel P. Hazen Jan 2013

Perturbation Of Brachypodium Distachyon Cellulose Synthase A4 Or 7 Results In Abnormal Cell Walls, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Dominick A. Matos, Karen S. Osmont, Michael J. Harrington, Kyuyoung Heo, Kabindra Kafle, Seong H. Kim, Tobias I. Baskin, Samuel P. Hazen

Samuel P Hazen

Background: Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) secondary wall CESA loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls. Results: Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall CESAs in Brachypodium distachyon as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in A. thaliana, namely CESA4/7/8. To functionally characterize …


A Lipid Membrane Intercalating Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Enables Electrode Driven Succinate Production In Shewanella, Alexander W. Thomas, Logan E. Garner, Kelly P. Nevin, Trevor L. Woodard, Ashley E. Franks, Derek R. Lovley, James J. Sumner, Christian J. Sund, Guillermo C. Bazan Jan 2013

A Lipid Membrane Intercalating Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Enables Electrode Driven Succinate Production In Shewanella, Alexander W. Thomas, Logan E. Garner, Kelly P. Nevin, Trevor L. Woodard, Ashley E. Franks, Derek R. Lovley, James J. Sumner, Christian J. Sund, Guillermo C. Bazan

Derek Lovley

An amphiphilic conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) that spontaneously intercalates into lipid membranes enables Shewanella oneidensis to use a graphite electrode as the sole electron donor for succinate production. Current consumed in a poised electrochemical system by Shewanella with micromolar concentrations of COE correlates well with the succinate produced via fumarate reduction as determined by HPLC analysis. Confocal microscopy confirms incorporation of the COE into the microbes on the electrode surface. This work presents a unique strategy to induce favorable bioelectronics interactions for the production of reduced microbial metabolites.


My Relations With Russian Polymer Science, Otto Vogl, Frank T. Traceski, Friderikh Diachekovski Jan 2013

My Relations With Russian Polymer Science, Otto Vogl, Frank T. Traceski, Friderikh Diachekovski

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.


Can Technology Improve Health Literacy?, Catherine A. Wickham, Elena T. Carbone Jan 2013

Can Technology Improve Health Literacy?, Catherine A. Wickham, Elena T. Carbone

Elena T Carbone

No abstract provided.


Functional Characterization Of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase And Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase In Brachypodium Distachyon, Gina M. Trabucco, Dominick A. Matos, Scott J. Lee, Aaron J. Saathoff, Henry D. Priest, Todd C. Mockler, Gautam Sarath, Samuel P. Hazen Jan 2013

Functional Characterization Of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase And Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase In Brachypodium Distachyon, Gina M. Trabucco, Dominick A. Matos, Scott J. Lee, Aaron J. Saathoff, Henry D. Priest, Todd C. Mockler, Gautam Sarath, Samuel P. Hazen

Samuel P Hazen

Background: Lignin is a significant barrier in the conversion of plant biomass to bioethanol. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyze key steps in the pathway of lignin monomer biosynthesis. Brown midrib mutants in Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor with impaired CAD or COMT activity have attracted considerable agronomic interest for their altered lignin composition and improved digestibility. Here, we identified and functionally characterized candidate genes encoding CAD and COMT enzymes in the grass model species Brachypodium distachyon with the aim of improving crops for efficient biofuel production. Results: We developed transgenic plants overexpressing artificial microRNA designed …


Complementary Genomic Screens Identify Serca As A Therapeutic Target In Notch1 Mutated Cancer, G. Roti, A. Carlton, Kn. Ross, Michele Markstein, K. Pajcini, A. H. Su, N. Perrimon, W. S. Pear, A. L. Kung, S. C. Blacklow, J. C. Aster, K. Stegmaier Jan 2013

Complementary Genomic Screens Identify Serca As A Therapeutic Target In Notch1 Mutated Cancer, G. Roti, A. Carlton, Kn. Ross, Michele Markstein, K. Pajcini, A. H. Su, N. Perrimon, W. S. Pear, A. L. Kung, S. C. Blacklow, J. C. Aster, K. Stegmaier

Michele Markstein

Notch1 is a rational therapeutic target in several human cancers, but as a transcriptional regulator, it poses a drug discovery challenge. To identify Notch1 modulators, we performed two cell-based, high-throughput screens for small-molecule inhibitors and cDNA enhancers of a NOTCH1 allele bearing a leukemia-associated mutation. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) channels emerged at the intersection of these complementary screens. SERCA inhibition preferentially impairs the maturation and activity of mutated Notch1 receptors and induces a G0/G1 arrest in NOTCH1-mutated human leukemia cells. A small-molecule SERCA inhibitor has on-target activity in two mouse models of human leukemia and interferes with Notch signaling …


Measuring Nutrition Literacy: Problems And Potential Solutions, Elena T. Carbone Jan 2013

Measuring Nutrition Literacy: Problems And Potential Solutions, Elena T. Carbone

Elena T Carbone

No abstract provided.


Molecular Analysis Of The In Situ Growth Rate Of Subsurface Geobacter Species, Dawn E. Holmes, Ludovic Giloteaux, Melissa Barlett, Milind A. Chavan, Jessica A. Smith, Kenneth H. Williams, Michael Wilkins, Philip Long, Derek Lovley Dec 2012

Molecular Analysis Of The In Situ Growth Rate Of Subsurface Geobacter Species, Dawn E. Holmes, Ludovic Giloteaux, Melissa Barlett, Milind A. Chavan, Jessica A. Smith, Kenneth H. Williams, Michael Wilkins, Philip Long, Derek Lovley

Derek Lovley

Molecular tools that can provide an estimate of the in situ growth rate of Geobacter species could improve understanding of dissimilatory metal reduction in a diversity of environments. Whole genome microarray analyses of the subsurface isolate, Geobacter uraniireducens, grown under a variety of conditions identified a number of genes that are differentially expressed at different specific growth rates. Expression of two genes encoding ribosomal proteins, rpsC and rplL, were further evaluated with quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in cells with doubling times ranging from 6.56 h to 89.28 h. Transcript abundance of rpsC correlated best (r2= 0.90) with specific growth …


The Rnf Complex Of Clostridium Ljungdahlii Is A Proton-Translocating Ferredoxin: Nad+ Oxidoreductase Essential For Autotrophic Growth, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Tian Zhang, Shabir A. Dar, Ching Leang, Derek Lovley Dec 2012

The Rnf Complex Of Clostridium Ljungdahlii Is A Proton-Translocating Ferredoxin: Nad+ Oxidoreductase Essential For Autotrophic Growth, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Tian Zhang, Shabir A. Dar, Ching Leang, Derek Lovley

Derek Lovley

It has been predicted that the Rnf complex of Clostridium ljungdahlii is a proton-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase which contributes to ATP synthesis by an H+-translocating ATPase under both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. The recent development of methods for genetic manipulation of C. ljungdahlii made it possible to evaluate the possible role of the Rnf complex in energy conservation. Disruption of the C. ljungdahlii rnf operon inhibited autotrophic growth. ATP synthesis, proton gradient, membrane potential, and proton motive force collapsed in the Rnf-deficient mutant with H2 as the electron source and CO2 as the electron acceptor. Heterotrophic growth was hindered in …


The Genome Of Pelobacter Carbinolicus Reveals Surprising Metabolic Capabilities And Physiological Features, Muktak Aklujkar, Shelley A. Haveman, Raymond Didonato, Olga Chertkov, Cliff S. Han, Miriam L. Land, Peter Brown, Derek Lovley Dec 2012

The Genome Of Pelobacter Carbinolicus Reveals Surprising Metabolic Capabilities And Physiological Features, Muktak Aklujkar, Shelley A. Haveman, Raymond Didonato, Olga Chertkov, Cliff S. Han, Miriam L. Land, Peter Brown, Derek Lovley

Derek Lovley

BackgroundThe bacterium Pelobacter carbinolicus is able to grow by fermentation, syntrophic hydrogen/formate transfer, or electron transfer to sulfur from short-chain alcohols, hydrogen or formate; it does not oxidize acetate and is not known to ferment any sugars or grow autotrophically. The genome of P. carbinolicus was sequenced in order to understand its metabolic capabilities and physiological features in comparison with its relatives, acetate-oxidizing Geobacter species.ResultsPathways were predicted for catabolism of known substrates: 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, glycerol, 1,2-ethanediol, ethanolamine, choline and ethanol. Multiple isozymes of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, ATP synthase and [FeFe]-hydrogenase were differentiated and assigned roles according to their structural properties and …