Life Sciences Commons^™

Sex And Gender In Ageing And Longevity: Highlights From An International Course, Giuseppina Candore, Giulia Accardi, Anna Aiello, Giovannella Baggio, Tiziana Bellini, Vittorio Calabrese, Anna Paola Carreca, Ignazio Carreca, Anna Masucci, Monica Cattaneo, Serena Dato, Danilo Di Bona, Luca Fabris, Caterina Gambino, Gabriele Di Lorenzo, Claudio Franceschi, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Maria Cristina Manfrinato, Annibale Alessandro Puca, Martina Tamburello, Roberta Vassallo, Calogero Caruso

Translational Medicine @ UniSa

Gender medicine is a multidisciplinary science and represents an important perspective for pathophysiological and clinical studies in the third millennium. Here, it is provided an overview of the topics discussed in a recent course on the Role of Sex and Gender in Ageing and Longevity. The paper highlights three themes discussed in the course, i.e., the interaction of gender/sex with, i) the pathophysiology of age-related diseases; ii), the role of genetics and epigenetics in ageing and longevity and, iii) the immune responses of older people to pathogens, vaccines, autoantigens, and allergens. Although largely unexplored, sex and gender are modulators …

The Use Of Prognostic Markers To Predict Disease Progression And Clinical Outcome In Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance, Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Multiple Myeloma., Róisín C. Mcmonagle

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a complex and incompletely understood molecular pathogenesis. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Smouldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) precede MM, with variable risks and rates of disease progression. The continuing high relapse and death rate in MM cases has prompted research into more accurate prognostic markers to predict progression from MGUS and SMM to MM, as well as identify MM cases with aggressive disease, in order to begin early, targeted and effective therapeutic intervention. Many studies have focused on utilising current markers more effectively, including M-protein, serum-free light chain ratio, …

Paternal Ages And Genetic Diseases And Congenital Anomalies, Neda Hamood

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

he purpose of this research is to investigate the link between Advanced Paternal Ages (APA) (i.e., APA ≥ 35 years and APA ≥ 50 years) and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies. Currently, the relationship between both APA and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies remains unclear. There is room for improvement, however, to investigate systematically the relationship between specific congenital anomalies in newborns and APA. More recently, the link between APA (as opposed to existing studies analyzing Advanced Maternal Age alone) and genetic diseases has been recognized by researchers, epidemiologists, and various health experts. Thus, this study serves to examine the …

Ngly1 Deficiency Affects Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis And Wnt Signaling Pathway In Mice, Amy Batten

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Individuals affected by NGLY1 Deficiency cannot properly deglycosylate and recycle certain proteins. Even though less than 100 people worldwide have been diagnosed with this rare autosomal recessive condition, thousands are affected by similar glycosylation disorders. Common phenotypic manifestations of NGLY1 Deficiency include severe neural and intellectual delay, impaired muscle and liver function, and seizures that may become intractable. Very little is currently known about the various mechanisms through which NGLY1 deficiency affects the body and this has led to a lack of viable treatment options for those afflicted. This experiment uses a loss-of-function (LOF) mouse model of NGLY1 Deficiency homologous …

A Review On Serum, Genetic And Mirna Associated Biomarkers For The Early Diagnosis Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc)), Ambreen Kanwal, Asima Tayyeb

Journal of Bioresource Management

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most devastating complication of liver cirrhosis and diagnosis in earlier stages could be useful in curative interventions. The main aim of this review was to analyze current diagnostic biomarkers which are available for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this purpose, we searched different web databases including Medline/Pubmed. We found multiple significant serum biomarkers for imperative diagnosis including α- Fetoprotein, Des- γ -carboxyprothrombin (DCP), Osteopontin (OPN), Glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein-73 (GP73), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) but all of these represent low sensitivity and low …

Inter-Primer Binding Site (Ipbs) Retrotransposon Markers Provide Insights Into Thegenetic Diversity And Population Structure Of Carrots (Daucus, Apiaceae), Mehtap Yildiz, Carlos Arbizu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Studies of genetic diversity and population structure are essential as an initial step in conservation and breeding programs for modern crops. Carrot (Daucus spp.) is among the ten most important vegetables worldwide, however, its genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships are not totally deciphered. Here, we explored the utility of 21 inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 38 accessions of Daucus and one accession of a related genus. The manual scoring revealed 309 bands based on their presence/absence. The dendrogram based on the UPGMA clustering algorithm and a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) …

Phylogenetic Origins And Age-Based Proportions Of Malacho (Elops Smithi) Relative To Ladyfish (Elops Saurus): Species On The Move In The Western Gulf Of Mexico, Damon Williford, Nicolette S. Beeken, Joel Anderson, Polly Hajovsky, Roberta Weixelman

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Two species of ladyfish occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Elops saurus and Elops smithi, that are morphologically indistinguishable except for vertebral counts but can also be identified by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Here we expand on previous work, most of which has occurred in Florida, and examine the demography, phylogenetics, geographic distribution, and age—structure of ladyfishes in Texas estuaries. Fishery—independent gill net data demonstrated that ladyfishes increase in abundance from north to south along the Texas coast. The abundance of ladyfishes also increased in Texas waters from 1982–2021, which coincides with recent trends of warmer winters. Genetic data …

Modeling Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine To Calorie Ratio In 27- To 260-Lb Genesus Finishing Pigs, Hilario M. Cordoba, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The first of two objectives of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys to calorie ratio (SID Lys:NE) for optimal performance of Genesus (Oakville, Manitoba, Canada) pigs from 27 to 260 lb. A second objective was to build a calculator tool to help nutritionists and producers when formulating diets with Genesus pigs. A total of 4,485 late nursery and 5,200 grow-finishing mixed-gender pigs were used in 4 and 5 studies, respectively. Studies were conducted by Genesus and results of these experiments were provided to the Kansas State University Applied Swine Nutrition Team for analysis and modeling. Diets …

The Effects Of Ppal-1 In Arabidopsis Gamete Development, Amanda J White, Susana Perez-Martinez, Mark P. Running

The Cardinal Edge

Prenylation is a type of post-translational modification in which a 15- or 20-carbon lipid is added to the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein. Arabidopsis thaliana contains the PROTEIN PRENYLTRANSFERASE ALPHA SUBUNIT-LIKE (PPAL) gene, which encodes a protein with homology to the α-subunits of the three known prenylation enzymes, PFT, PGGT, and Rab-GGT. We previously identified two mutations in PPAL, one of which is ppal-1, which contains a T-DNA insertion in the fourth intron. We have previously observed that self-fertilizing heterozygous ppal-1 plants produce progeny in which homozygous ppal-1 is underrepresented. This project attempts to ascertain …

The Onset Of Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia And Individual Differences In Inappropriate Arginine Vasopressin Excretion: A Review Of Proposed Mechanisms, Michelle Stehman, Stephen A. Maris

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 10, 2021. Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) has been reported to develop during endurance events such as triathlons and marathons. As these events become more popular, the incidence of developing EAH also increases. The development of EAH is commonly associated with the overconsumption of hypotonic fluids such as water and tends to be more prevalent in females. There is also evidence to suggest the inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) leading to water retention may predispose an individual for developing EAH, especially when coupled with the overconsumption of fluids. Recent research …

A Timeline Of Discovery And Current Research On Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma And Emergence Of Potentially Permanent Treatment Solutions, Yonosuke Dejesus, Guadalupe Moreno Ceballos

Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal

This research examines the timeline of the discovery and research of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). By reviewing the literature on genetic and molecular mechanisms, we aim to emphasize a long-term treatment solution (iSTENT) to mitigate intraocular pressure (IOP) related to POAG etiology and disease progression. POAG is a multifactorial, autosomal dominant, adult-onset eye disease wherein the optic nerve cells become damaged due to a buildup of excess aqueous humor, resulting in increased IOP. Consequently, POAG leads to progressive loss of peripheral vision and is the leading cause of blindness in the US. Due to the multifactorial nature of glaucoma’s inheritance …

Regenerative Rehabilitation And Genomics: Implications For Occupational Therapy, John V. Rider

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The completion of the human genome project has paved the way for health care practitioners to use genetic and environmental information to tailor medical treatment. This innovative approach to health care is rapidly evolving, and occupational therapists need to be aware of the impact it will have on future practice. Regenerative rehabilitation is a product of knowledge and techniques from the fields of rehabilitation and regenerative medicine with the common goal to restore function. Occupational therapists have the potential to play a significant role in regenerative rehabilitation research and implementation. The purpose of this article is to (a) increase understanding …

استخدام البيولوجيا الجزيئية في عملية الانتقاء الرياضي, شويه بوجمعه, عمر رشدي

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

The study intended to determine the criteria of selection in sports and the factors that help assure a better selection ,in order to discover those excellent physical predispositions earlier according to certain biological criteria , thus time would be saved and efforts would be minimized in learning and training those of high level of performance . Once the learners were well identified in terms of selection in sports , these criteria were divided as follows: -Physical criteria -Physiological criteria -Psychological criteria -Biological criteria Along the different stages , it was noticed that each stage is typical in its characteristics and …

Central Performance Testing: Purpose, Benefits, Impacts, And Trends, Terry A. Gipson

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract The premise of the central performance test is that differences in performance of young animals raised in a common environment are largely attributed to genetics; however, this can be confounded by differences in pre-test environments. It is assumed top-ranking individual’s genetic advantage is a permanent change transferable to the next generation. The popularity of the central performance tests has waxed and waned over the past decades. A strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats analysis indicates factors influencing producer participation can include cost, time, geographical coverage, alignment with industry, association support, and relevancy. A second generation of central performance tests with innovative, targeted approaches is …

Does Preimplantation Genetic Testing Increase The Risk Of Adverse Clinical Outcomes?, Robyn Weiss

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Before 1990, options were limited for couples who were at risk for transmitting a genetic disease or a structural chromosomal abnormality to their children. Couples traditionally underwent invasive procedures such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, after which termination was offered if the fetus was found to be affected. Many couples chose not to have children at all. Since then, technological advances have allowed preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to be offered to these couples. Couples who choose PGT undergo in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where the oocyte is injected by a single sperm and is then implanted …

Engineering Mankind: The Sociopolitical Impact Of Eugenics In America, Megan Lee

Voces Novae

During the early twentieth century, the American eugenics movement prospered, spreading its influence within the sociopolitical framework of the United States. The notion of eugenics – the control of human breeding to increase desirable traits, was extensively propagated through the creation of sterilization laws and public programs. Eventually, the public came to view eugenics as a necessity in order to preserve and improve the quality of mankind for the future.

Analysis Of The Genetic And Neurological Components Of Opioid Addiction, With Public Health Perspectives Of The Opioid Epidemic In The United States Of America, Janhavi A. Dubhashi

DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal

Opioid addiction has reached epidemic levels around the world, with over-prescription of opioid pain relievers being an often-cited reason for the epidemic in the USA. This project looks at opioid addiction from three perspectives: a review of literature dealing with the neural pathways involved in opioid use and addiction; the underlying genetic differences that can increase the risk of opioid use disorder; and an overview of the public health aspects of the epidemic. The paper will conclude with a review of current and new treatments based upon a growing neurobiological and molecular understanding of opioid use disorder.

Genotyping Of Prolactin, Kappa Casein, And Pituitary Transcription Factor 1 Genes Of The Anatolian Water Buffalo Population In The Kızılırmak Delta, Emi̇ne Toparslan, Levent Mercan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Thirty-five Anatolian water buffalo were selected from among a total of almost 7000 animals from 11 herds in the Kızılırmak Delta, which is known to be one of the most important areas for water buffalo farming in Turkey. The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) method was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 3 loci that are associated with milk production, namely PRL, CSN3, and PIT-1, which are associated with milk processing and milk yields, respectively. Sequence-tagged sites of PRL, CSN3, and PIT-1 were digested by restriction endonucleases RsaI, HindIII, and HinfI, respectively. Capillary electrophoretic analysis identified all samples as belonging …

The Influence Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator I/D Polymorphism On The Tpa Response To Exercise, Adam M. Coughlin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 1136-1144, 2018. The purpose was to determine if the Alu-insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) gene influences the tPA response to maximal exercise. Fifty male subjects (age = 23.6 ± 4.7 yrs) completed a maximal treadmill exercise test. Blood samples were drawn before and immediately after exercise for determination of plasma tPA antigen and activity. Isolated DNA was amplified via polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresed, and visually amplified to determine tPA genotype. Subjects were classified as possessing the D allele (D) (n = 28) or being homozygous for the I allele …

Adam And Eve, Designed Diversity, And Allele Frequencies, John C. Sanford, Robert W. Carter, Wes Brewer, John Baumgardner, Bruce Potter, Jon Potter

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Theistic evolutionists present multiple genetic arguments against a literal Adam and Eve. One key argument asserts it would be impossible for a single human couple to give rise to the genetic diversity seen in the modern human population. This implicitly assumes Adam and Eve would have been created without internal genetic diversity. If this were true, all observed variations would have to arise recently via random mutations. This would require incredibly high mutation rates, logically leading to rapid extinction.

Yet, Adam and Eve could have been created massively heterozygous. We have argued for over a decade that they could have …

Feet And Leg Traits Are Moderately To Lowly Heritable In Red Angus Cattle, L. K. Giess, B. R. Jensen, R. L. Weaber, J. M. Bormann, W. A. Fiske

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The goals of this study were to identify feet and leg indicator traits to be used in beef breed genetic evaluations and develop a scoring method that can be easily adopted by cattle producers.

Description:Data were analyzed on 1,885 Red Angus cattle, and after editing, 1,720 records were used for analysis. Feet and leg phenotypes were obtained from August 2015 through September 2017 for 14 traits shown in the following table. Trained livestock evaluators collected measurements using an electronic tablet with offline data storage capabilities. Heritability estimates for all 14 traits were calculated from two different …

Dorsal And Ventral Color Patterns In A South Georgia Population Of Agkistrodon Piscivorus Contanti, The Florida Cottonmouth, David L. Bechler, Joseph A. Kirkley Mr., John F. Elder

Georgia Journal of Science

We examined dorsal pigments and ventral patterns in the Florida Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti, in the Alapahoochee watershed, Lowndes County, Georgia. Cottonmouths darken as they age; but the process has not been quantified in the literature. Thus, we examined both graphically and statistically changes in dorsal color pattern that occurs when snout vent length (SVL) increases as well as discrete patterns involving splotching and block-like patterns, and cream to white coloration on the ventral surface, which indicate underlying genetic factors. Snakes with SVLs between approximately 26.8 and 120.3 cm possessed an array of dorsal colors involving white, tan, dark …

Genetic Diversity Of Mycobacteriophages And The Unique Abilities Of Cluster K, Shea A. Morris

The Corinthian

Mycobacteriophage are a diverse set of viruses that infect a broad host range of mycobacterium. Genome analysis of this phage group reveals its diversity and provides evidence that they have experienced substantial horizontal gene transfer Collectively they have a large range of host bacteria they can infect, although each viral type may have a limited host range. However, this range is easily expanded and constantly changing in nature by mutation within and between virus types. These phages can lytically destroy their host mycobacteria, and it is this viral ability that have many mycobacteriophage researchers excited about the potential that phage …

Inter-Correlations Between Laboratory Inter-Correlations Between Laboratory And Field-Based Tests Of Muscle Contractile Power, Mitchell J. Cameron, Robert Robergs

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(5): 635-645, 2016. Muscle contractile properties have previously been distinguished by fiber typing muscle samples obtained from needle biopsy; however due to conflicting evidence regarding sampling bias and the related need for multiple biopsies, it is not certain if these results are a reliable reflection of whole muscle fiber type expression. Inter-correlations between laboratory and field-based measures of muscle contractile power were used to determine which assessments best discriminate between participants of varying sprint performance, and indirectly reveal potential for power vs. endurance exercise performance. Healthy active male (n=32) and female (n=17) participants were recruited …

The Effects Of Epigenetics On Stress Response, Kevin Suddarth

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

Despite the vast amount of resources at the disposal of humanity today, the intricacies of human biology are often a mystery. The chemical and biological products of the human genome have been well studied and documented, but many of the chemical and neurological pathways are missing quite a few details. The human stress response is one of the most primal and valuable functions of this code that developed as a self- preservation mechanism (Hans, 1975) to naturally increase the odds of procreation. However, this function is prone to overload, particularly in individuals with certain epigenetic traits instilled by early life …

Genetic Basis Of Variation For Within-Boll Yield Components In Cotton, Imtiaz Ali, Amir Shakeel, Asif Ali, Bushra Sadia

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Cotton productivity on a per-hectare basis is low in Pakistan. As boll is the basis for seed cotton yield, within-boll yield components can potentially serve as the most basic determinants of cotton productivity on a per unit land area basis. Before attempting the improvement of any trait, it is necessary to know the genetic mechanism lying behind its inheritance. The current study aimed to estimate the genetic basis of within-boll yield components in cotton. The research trials were conducted at the research area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Epistasis was found to …

A Bioinformatics Approach To Revealing The Genetic Basis For Host Range Specificity, Hayley A. Norian

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. Mycobacteriophages are bacteriophages that specifically infect the genus Mycobacterium. This genus of bacteria includes human pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans, which cause tuberculosis, leprosy and Buruli ulcer, respectively. The full genome sequences of 654 mycobacteriophages are currently available. Collectively, these 654 phages encode 69,581 genes. Only 20.25% of these genes have at least one known homologue in NCBI, the National Center for Biotechnology Information, leaving roughly 80% of all known mycobacteriophage genes without even a predicted function. Bacteriophages are highly host-specific and typically only infect a small …

Improving Codon Evolution Models Using Complex Mutation Models, Preston Hewgley

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

This paper discusses an improvement in a Stochastic Evolutionary Model of Protein Production Rate (SEMPPR) by revising the method by which it models mutation. SEMPPR previously assumed unbiased mutation, an assumption whose inaccuracy is made clear by observed codon counts of low-expression genes, where mutation determines equilibrium state. This paper presents a new, more complex model generalized on a per-codon basis and calculated from observed codon frequencies using a maximum likelihood framework. Results obtained from SEMPPR using the codon specific mutation model proved more accurate in predicting a protein’s production rate, reaffirming that complex mechanisms govern codon mutation rates.

The Telomere And Telomerase Activity, Kerrie Conwell

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the article's first paragraph.

In the past few years, a new area of genetics has emerged that has scientists in many other fields intrigued. The discovery of telomeres, the end segments on our chromosomes, and the enzyme that controls them, has evoked an interest in professionals from a wide range of specialties. Articles on the subject have appeared in journals of cell and molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, gerontology, and have even surfaced in the popular media. There is already a wealth of information to be found on the topic, yet there is many …

Number 52 (December 2010), Southern Fishes Council

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

(December 2010) - Comparative Conservation Genetics of Two Endangered Darters, Percina rex and Percina jenkinsi By Anna L. George, David Neely, and Richard Mayden

Invasion of Gulf Menhaden in the Alabama River By T. Heath Haley, R. Kyle Bolton, and Carol E. Johnston

Southeastern Fishes Council State Reports

Minutes, Business Meeting, 35th Annual Meeting, Southeastern Fishes Council

2009 Treasurer's Report for the Southeastern Fishes Council