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1998

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Flora Hellenica Vol.1 (1997), Asuman Baytop Jan 1998

Flora Hellenica Vol.1 (1997), Asuman Baytop

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

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Pollen Flora Of Pakistan - X. Leguminosae(Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae), Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser Jan 1998

Pollen Flora Of Pakistan - X. Leguminosae(Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae), Anjum Perveen, Mohammad Qaiser

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 11 species representing 5 genera of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae from Pakistan was examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Caesalpinioideae is ± a eurypalynous subfamily. The pollen grains are generallly radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate and triangular-trilobed. The tectum is commonly reticulate-rugulate or fossulate-foveolate, and often striate. The pollen morphology of the subfamily is significantly useful at the generic and specific levels. On the basis of apocolpium, mesocolpium and tectum features, three pollen types were recongnized, namely, B auhinia variegata - type , Caesalpinia pulcherrima - type and Senna holosericea - type.

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The Algae Flora Of Aksu Stream (Isparta -Turkey), Ö. Osman Ertan, Arzu Morkoyunlu Jan 1998

The Algae Flora Of Aksu Stream (Isparta -Turkey), Ö. Osman Ertan, Arzu Morkoyunlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

The algal flora at 4 stations chosen on Aksu Stream were investigated between September 1993 and August 1994. The flora consisted of 73 taxa belonging to the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta divisions. The species of Navicula Broy., Nitzschia Hassall, SurirellaTurpin, Amphora Ehr., Cymbella Agardh, Concconeis Ehr., Fragilaria Lyngbye and Synedra ulana (Nitz.) Ehr. were found to be widespread. Apart from members of Bacillariophyta, Oscillatoria limosa (Roth.). C.A.A.gardh., Oscillatoria formosa Broy. and Merismopedia punctata Meyen ( Cyanophyta) were observed to be abundant and frequent, in the year when the research was carried out. The members of other divisions were determined …

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Lichen Flora Of Amanos Mountain And The Province Of Hatay, Volker John, Pier Luigi Nimis Jan 1998

Lichen Flora Of Amanos Mountain And The Province Of Hatay, Volker John, Pier Luigi Nimis

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two hundred forty-three lichen taxa are reported from the province of Hatay. Of these, 223 species are reported for the first time for the province of Hatay, 74 species are new records for the mediterranean region of Turkey, and 35 species are new records for Turkey. New range diagnoses are provided for these species.

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A New Record For The Marine Algal Flora Of Turkey: Caulerpa Scalpelliformis (Brown Exturner) C. Agardh ( Caluerpaceae, Chlorophyceae), Ö. Osman Ertan, İsmail İ. Turna, Mario Cormaci Jan 1998

A New Record For The Marine Algal Flora Of Turkey: Caulerpa Scalpelliformis (Brown Exturner) C. Agardh ( Caluerpaceae, Chlorophyceae), Ö. Osman Ertan, İsmail İ. Turna, Mario Cormaci

Turkish Journal of Botany

The first record of C. scalpelliformis (Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh from Antalya harbour (36°53'.1 N, 030°42'.2 E) is reported here. The species was found in the year 1995, in the period August-September, when seawater temperature reached 26.5 to 27°C. After this time, the species seemed to disappear, probably because of low winter temperatures. Thus, the occurrence of this species in Antalya harbour should be considered temporary, not as an indication of the expansion of the distribution area of this lessepsian species in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Four Interesting Records Of Pezizales Of The Macrofungal Flora Of Turkey, Ertugrul Sesli̇ Jan 1998

Four Interesting Records Of Pezizales Of The Macrofungal Flora Of Turkey, Ertugrul Sesli̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Peziza succosaBerk, Otidea concinna(Pers.) Sacc. and Humaria hemisphaerica (Wiggers:Fr.) Fuckel were recorded for the first time for the Macrofungal Flora of Turkey, and Gyromitra infula ((Schaeff.:Pers.) Quél. was studied taxonomically.

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New Floristic Records For C6 Grid Square, Ömer Varol, Cemil Kara, Ahmet Ilçim Jan 1998

New Floristic Records For C6 Grid Square, Ömer Varol, Cemil Kara, Ahmet Ilçim

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Salt Stress Of The Respiratory Components Of Some Plants, N.A. Kasumov, Z.I. Abbasova, G. Gündüz Jan 1998

Effects Of Salt Stress Of The Respiratory Components Of Some Plants, N.A. Kasumov, Z.I. Abbasova, G. Gündüz

Turkish Journal of Botany

Oxygen absorption, kinetic regularities of free radical oxidation and anti-oxidation activity were studied in roots and isolated mitochondria for various groups of plants under salt stress of NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 . The results show that spearation of oxidation and phosphorylation obviously stimulates the oxygen absorption by plants under salt strees. Therefore, the anti-oxidation activity of roots decreases abruptly, resulting in an uncontrolled acceleration of free radical processes. The obtained data is a definite contribution to the concept concerning the toxic effect of salt on plants.

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Possibilities Of Growing Of Some Soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merill] Cultivars As A Doublecrop Under Kahramanmaraş Conditions, H. Ahmet Yilmaz, Lale Efe Jan 1998

Possibilities Of Growing Of Some Soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merill] Cultivars As A Doublecrop Under Kahramanmaraş Conditions, H. Ahmet Yilmaz, Lale Efe

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study that was carried out in 1992-93 at Kahramanmaraş, it was aimed at investigating of adaptation to double cropping conditions of 23 soybean cultivars. For this reason, characteristics such as yield (kg/da), first pod height (cm), pod number per plant, plant height (cm), 100-seed weight (g), vegetation period (day), days for flowering, seed oil percentage (%) and seed protein percentage (%) were investigated on cultivars are tested. Two-years data collected were brought together and analysed according to split plot design. Means of cultivars and interaction means of years x cultivars were compared using Duncan multiple range test. As a …

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An Investigation On The Logging Machines From The Economical And The Technical Point Of View At Giresun Forest District, H. Hulusi̇ Acar Jan 1998

An Investigation On The Logging Machines From The Economical And The Technical Point Of View At Giresun Forest District, H. Hulusi̇ Acar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In forestry, transportation of harvested woods from compartments is very difficult, expensive and time-consuming task. Forests covering generally high and steep slopes of mountainous areas in Eastern Black Sea Region make the problem extremely dif-ficult. Transportation of forest products from forest to the landing have been practiced various forms. Studies were conducted on the loading, skidding and stacking machines and mobile skylines at Giresun Forest District. Furthermore, logging machines in the region were found very important from the technical and the economical point of view. In ad-dition, the rent values for loging machines is found to be insufficient.

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Forecasting Of The Long-Term Allowable Cut For The Akçasu Forestry Enterprise, Altay Uğur Gül Jan 1998

Forecasting Of The Long-Term Allowable Cut For The Akçasu Forestry Enterprise, Altay Uğur Gül

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The long-term allowable cut was ensured using data of Forest Menegement Plan of the Akçasu Forest enterprise. In addition, actuel forest state was approximated to an optimal forest state within different rotation age. Three forest management units were established. A linear programming model was developed on used to test three different strategies for the black pine and beech management unit and five different strategies for the oak management unit. For the first period, the regeneration, afforestation area, allowable cut and total cut was 210.0 and 341.0 hectar, 58546.0 m 3 and 1764516 m 3 , respectively.

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Studies On Antifungal Effects Of Some Plant Extracts In Vitro, Hüseyin Türküsay, Ersin Onoğur Jan 1998

Studies On Antifungal Effects Of Some Plant Extracts In Vitro, Hüseyin Türküsay, Ersin Onoğur

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

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Development Of The Downy Mildew Pathogen Bremia Lactucae Ontransgenic Lettuce Expressing A Bacterial \Beta-1,3-Glucanase, Yeter Dede Jan 1998

Development Of The Downy Mildew Pathogen Bremia Lactucae Ontransgenic Lettuce Expressing A Bacterial \Beta-1,3-Glucanase, Yeter Dede

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A \beta-1,3-glucanase gene from Arthrobacter sp. driven by the 35S promoter was singly transformed into two lettuce cultivars, Cobham Gree and Diana, using the binary vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Tansformation was confirmed by using Southern and Northern analysis, Npt II enzyme assays and segregation of resistance to kanamycin. Transgenic plants were infected with the letuce downy mildew fungus, Bremia lactucae which contains \beta-1,3-gluncan in its cell wall and alternations in the development the fungus could easily be monitored. Transgenic plants inoculated with B. lactucae showed different levels of resistant responses compared to the control and they were examined microscopically.

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Effects Of Temperature And Time Of Harvest On The Growth Andyield Of Aubergine ( Solanum Melongena L.), Ahmet Kürklü Jan 1998

Effects Of Temperature And Time Of Harvest On The Growth Andyield Of Aubergine ( Solanum Melongena L.), Ahmet Kürklü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

An experimental study was conducted to define the response of aubergine to different temperatures in controlled greenhouses. Set temperatures of the greenhouses were 14, 18, 22, 26 and 30°C. In terms of vegetative growth, the plant response was the highest to the highest temperature then gradually decreasing for the lower temperatures. This was in contrast with the fruit development since as the temperature decreased from 30°C, mean fruit weight and size increased, and the total fruit yield was highest in 22°C which indicated an optimum temperature. However, there was no optimum for vegetative growth. This was found, by using a …

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The Effects Of Phosphate Treatments On Chromosome Pairing In Diploid And Autotetraploid Meadow Fescue ( Festuca Pratensishuds.), Bilal Deni̇z, Ayten Tufan Jan 1998

The Effects Of Phosphate Treatments On Chromosome Pairing In Diploid And Autotetraploid Meadow Fescue ( Festuca Pratensishuds.), Bilal Deni̇z, Ayten Tufan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out under greenhouse conditions in 1994-1995. The influence of phosphate treatments (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4g P 2 O 5 /pot) on meiotic chromosome pairing and the number of arms bound at the first metaphase (MI) in plants of diploid Senu variety of meaddow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.) and its advanced generation (C 6 ) autotetraploid (Tetra Senu) were studied. In diploids, quadrivalents and univalents frequencies showed no difference with changes in phosphate treatments. Total bivalent frequency per cell remained stable with phosphate changes in spite of a significant increase in the number of …

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Effects Of Modified Atmosphere Packaging On Post Harvest Qualities Of Pink Tomatoes, Ali Batu, A. Keith Thompson Jan 1998

Effects Of Modified Atmosphere Packaging On Post Harvest Qualities Of Pink Tomatoes, Ali Batu, A. Keith Thompson

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

An experiment retail plastic packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing tomato fruits. A range of plastic films with different permeability properties were tested to study the effects of these conditions on the changes in postharvest qualities of tomatoes harvested at the pink stage of maturity and stored at 13 o C for 60 days. The films used were 20 micron (PE20) and 50 micron (PE50) polyethylene, 10 micron polyvinylcholoride (PVC) or 25 micron polypropylene (PP) compared with unwrapped fruit as a control. Tomatoes were evaluated for changes in colour, firmness, weight, titratable acidity, …

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Issues Related To Marketing And Extension For Sustainable Agricultural Production In Turkey, Sedef Akgüngör, Taner Kumuk Jan 1998

Issues Related To Marketing And Extension For Sustainable Agricultural Production In Turkey, Sedef Akgüngör, Taner Kumuk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sustainable agriculture, although a difficult term to define operationally, includes the practice of low input agricultural production technologies. An important condition to adopt these technologies is the access to markets for low input agricultural products. Ability to market these products at profitable prices would provide incentives for farmers to adopt the necessary methods. Contract farming is considered to be an effective means to introduce new production technologies to the farmers by providing assurance on prices and markets for agricultural products. Public extension agencies in developing countries may therefore be concerned to direct their efforts to introduce contract farming models to …

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Effects Of Short Trem High Carbon Dioxide Treatment On Tomato Ripening, Ali Batu, A. K. Thompson Jan 1998

Effects Of Short Trem High Carbon Dioxide Treatment On Tomato Ripening, Ali Batu, A. K. Thompson

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits (Cv Criterium) were harvested at the mature green stage and stored at 13°C in controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions for 1, 3 and 5 days. The CA conditions were 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60% CO 2 all with 5.5%O 2 plus air as control. The tomatoes were then stored at 20°C in air until they were fully ripe. At that time colour, firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and days to ripening were measured. Fruit exposed to CO 2 for 5 days subsequently ripened more slowly than those exposed only one day. The …

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Some Factors Affecting On Determination And Measurement Oftomato Firmness, Ali Batu Jan 1998

Some Factors Affecting On Determination And Measurement Oftomato Firmness, Ali Batu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Firmness is one of the most important factor for determination of tomatoes quality. Distructive measurement of tomato firmness is one of the evaluation methods of fruit firmness. The Universal Instron is most common used machine for measurement of most adeqequate fruit firmness. During destructive measurement of firmness considedation of force or deformation values as a firmness of fruits could give incorrect result and taking epicarp strength over deformation values is more accurate to concern the firmness of tomato. Two of possible minimum firmness limits were suggested for tomato fruits at the point of retail marketing or using at home. All …

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Sorption Of Aldicarb Sulfoxide By Samples Of Some Calcareous Soils From Turkey, Kemal Y. Gülüt, Mahmut Sayin Jan 1998

Sorption Of Aldicarb Sulfoxide By Samples Of Some Calcareous Soils From Turkey, Kemal Y. Gülüt, Mahmut Sayin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sorption of aldicarb and aldicarb sulfoxide was investigated spectrophotometrically on 16 soil samples. Ten of them were from the Çukurova region. The results showed that organic matter is the single soil property to give correlation with sorption of aldicarb. Clay minerals are also important in sorption but their effect is masked by fine carbonates and organic matter. CaCO 3 sorbs aldicarb weakly. Aldicarb sulfoxide was also sorbed by soil constituents very weakly.

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Carotenoid Pigments Stabilization In The Fillet Of Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus Mykiss) During Frozen Storage, Mahmut Yanar, Mehmet Çeli̇k, Yasemen Yanar, Metin Kumlu Jan 1998

Carotenoid Pigments Stabilization In The Fillet Of Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus Mykiss) During Frozen Storage, Mahmut Yanar, Mehmet Çeli̇k, Yasemen Yanar, Metin Kumlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, changes in the total carotenoid content of the fillet of rainbow trout, pigmented with astaxanthin supplemented diet, stored at -20ºC, in vacuum packaging for 2, 4 and 8 month periods were inverstigated. Total carotenoid concentration of the fillets did not change during the first two month storing period but the loss was 1.58 % and 3.58 for the 4 th and 8 th months, respectively. Yet, these changes were not signigicantly different than the level measured at the beginning of the experiment (P>0.05). It is concluded that carotenoid losses from the flesh do not affect the …

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The Effects Of Trimethoprim On The Chromosomal Aberrations On The Radiological Techniciances Who Smoke, Etem Akbaş, Turgay Budak Jan 1998

The Effects Of Trimethoprim On The Chromosomal Aberrations On The Radiological Techniciances Who Smoke, Etem Akbaş, Turgay Budak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Trimethoprim, cigerette smoking and radition is known to have a clastogenic effects on chromosomes when applied to oneby one. In this study all of this aggents have been applied together. 8, 35 and 60 \mug/ml doses of trimethoprim applied to the bloods which were taken from five healthy radiology technicians who are cigarette smokers, for the periods of 6, 24 and 48 hours. The same quantity of culture medium was added to the cultures which were separated for control in the same period. For each dose-aplication ;eriod combination, from each individual 50 metaphases were evaluated in relation to the ratio …

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The Investigation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Some Plant Extract, Ahmet Ilçim, Metin Diğrak, Eyüp Bağci Jan 1998

The Investigation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Some Plant Extract, Ahmet Ilçim, Metin Diğrak, Eyüp Bağci

Turkish Journal of Biology

The Parmelia furfuracea (L) Zopf. (Liken), Crocus chrysanthus (Herbert) Herbert (Çigdem), Rumex scutatus L., (Kuzukulagi), Myrtus communis L. subsps. communis Ic: Sibth. and Sm. (Mersin), Asphodelus aestivus L. (Çiris) Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (Karanfil) which were collected from Kahramanmaras and Hatay region have been investigated in respect of their antimicrobial and antifungal activities against different test organisms ( Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22, Bacillus, brevis FMC 3, Escherichia coli DM, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Listeria monocytogenes SCOTT A, bacteria and Candida albicans CCM 314 and Saccharomyces …

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Serological Properties Of Pseudomonas Syringaepvphaseolicolaisolates Collected From Eskisehir, Dilek Ertugrul, Kıymet Güven Jan 1998

Serological Properties Of Pseudomonas Syringaepvphaseolicolaisolates Collected From Eskisehir, Dilek Ertugrul, Kıymet Güven

Turkish Journal of Biology

Thirty six bean seed samples collected from bean fields in Eskisehir-Türkiye were examined for detection and isolation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. A polyclonal antiserum specific to P. s. pv. phaseolicola NCPPB 52 was raised in a rabbit and both biochemical and serological test were used for identification. Heat-stable O antigens of 92 isolates identified as P. S. pv. phaseolicola together with authentic isolates of the bacterium were compared by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test and all the isolates had a common antigenic structure.

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Effects Of Salt And Exogenous Putrescine On Seed Germination And Earlyseedling Growth Of Helianthus Annuusl. Var. Santafe, Fatma Teki̇n, Suna Bozcuk Jan 1998

Effects Of Salt And Exogenous Putrescine On Seed Germination And Earlyseedling Growth Of Helianthus Annuusl. Var. Santafe, Fatma Teki̇n, Suna Bozcuk

Turkish Journal of Biology

Effects of salt (NaCl) and putrescine (Put.) and various combinations of these (salt+Put.) on germination and some early growth parameters of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. var. Santafe) plants, grown under the controlled conditions, were investigated. Salt was used in 3 different con-centrations (50, 100, 200mM) and also, Put. was applied in 3 levels (0.01, 1, 2 mM). The salt treat-ment alone inhibited or delayed the seed germination, depending on concentration. Furthermore, some growth parameters (length of radicle, fresh and dry weights) studied in germination period were adversely affected by salt. In the treatment alone of Put., regardless of the …

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An Investigation On The Transportation By Trucks At Mountainously Regions, H. Hulusi Acar Jan 1998

An Investigation On The Transportation By Trucks At Mountainously Regions, H. Hulusi Acar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Artvin Forest District, which is the best example for mountainous forest areas in Turkey, was selected a suitable study area for this investigation. Data which were collected by using the repetition time technique were analyzed. Sixty six percent of the planned forest road network in Artvin Forest District has been completed. Now, the average forest road density in the district is 10.5 m/ha. The number of forest trucks in the region is enough. Trucks are 20 years old on average. These trucks are generally 3 axed and AS 600 Dodge type. In the region, transportation by trucks takes place between …

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Effect Of Sodium Ascorbate On Some Quality Characteristics Of Turkish Pastırma, Hatice Gür-Yağli, A. Hamdi Ertaş Jan 1998

Effect Of Sodium Ascorbate On Some Quality Characteristics Of Turkish Pastırma, Hatice Gür-Yağli, A. Hamdi Ertaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Different amounts of sodium ascorbate (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg) were used in curing stage of Turkish pastırma production and the effect of sodium ascorbate was investigated on some quality characteristics of pastırma. It was observed that there was no effect of sodium ascorbate on pH and penetrometler value of pastirma. Sodium ascorbate caused to decrease of TBA-value and residual nitrite content (P

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Determination Of Some Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates In Thefruits Of Wild Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus Officinalis Roem.)Using Gas Chromatography, F. Ahmet Ayaz, Asım Kadioğlu, Sema Hayirlioğlu-Ayaz Jan 1998

Determination Of Some Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates In Thefruits Of Wild Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus Officinalis Roem.)Using Gas Chromatography, F. Ahmet Ayaz, Asım Kadioğlu, Sema Hayirlioğlu-Ayaz

Turkish Journal of Botany

Some low-molecular-weight carbohydrates extracted with ethanol and water from the fruits of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. ( Rosaceae), from two different regions in Trabzon, were analysed using gas chromatography. In one population, the analysis in the ethanol extraction showed the occurence of fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose in concentrations (w/w) of 25.20; 23.00; 14.00 and 0.024 %, respectively. The same sugars, in the water extraction were found in concentrations (w/w) of 24.62; 25.59; 7.43 and 0.114 %, respectively. In the other population, these values were 25.44; 23.23; 14.24 and 0.023 for the ethanol extrac-tion, and 24.74; 24.98; 7.18 and 0.108 % …

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Effect Of Salt Stress And Synthetic Hormone Polystimuline K Onthe Photosynthetic Activity Of Cotton ( Gossypium Hirsutum), Rena A. Ganieva, Surhay R. Allahverdiyev, Nilufar B. Guseinova, Halil I. Kavakli, Saeedeh Nafisi Jan 1998

Effect Of Salt Stress And Synthetic Hormone Polystimuline K Onthe Photosynthetic Activity Of Cotton ( Gossypium Hirsutum), Rena A. Ganieva, Surhay R. Allahverdiyev, Nilufar B. Guseinova, Halil I. Kavakli, Saeedeh Nafisi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effects of Polystimuline K (PS-K), as a cytokinin analogue, on delayed light component state (DF), intermittent fluorescence (IF) and chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio was investigated in the leaves of different genotypes of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salt stress (155 mM Na Cl) for different periods of time. It was shown that in the early perioid of salt stress, DF and IF amplitudes are decreased, which is indicative of a Photosystem II (PS II) activity decrease. It is possibly related to the damage of chlorophyll in the PS II donor site and the decrease of Chl b molecules …

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Agricultural Structure And Mechanisation Characteristics Of Theşanlıurfa-Harran Plain, Alim Işik, İbrahim Atun Jan 1998

Agricultural Structure And Mechanisation Characteristics Of Theşanlıurfa-Harran Plain, Alim Işik, İbrahim Atun

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The Şanlıurfa-Harran plain was firstly opened to irrigation in the South-eastern Anatolian Project, called GAP. Available mechanisation investment and agricultural structure should be known to estimate new requierements for the future in this plain. In this research, agricultural structure and mechanisation characteristics by a questeonnaire conducted before irrigation. Each farm has at least one tractor. In conclusion, it was found that average farm size was 35.5 hectars, plot size was 11.7 hectars, number of tractors per farm was 1.7, tractor engine power was 46.8 kW, number of machines per tractor was 3.8, fuel consumption of the tractor was 2 244 …

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