Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Aminogut And Diet Formulation Approach On Growth Performance And Economic Return In Nursery Pigs, M. A. Gonçalves, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, K. Touchette, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Diets containing animal protein sources have higher levels of glutamine than diets based on plant protein sources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of AminoGut (Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Chicago, IL) and protein source (animal vs. plant proteins) on growth performance and economic return in nursery pigs from 12 to 60 lb. AminoGut is a product that contains both glutamine and glutamate. A total of 1,134 pigs (337 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN, initially 11.6 ± 0.18 lb BW) were used in a 52-d trial. At the beginning of the experiment, pigs were weighed in pens, …

Effect Of Diet Complexity And Specialty Protein Source On Nursery Pig Performance, A. M. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 720 nursery pigs (PIC C-29 × 359, initially 12.5 lb BW) were used in a 42-d growth trial to determine the effects of diet complexity and specialty soy protein source on nursery pig performance. Pigs were allotted by BW and sex, and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of diet complexity (complex vs. simple) and specialty protein source (fish meal, HP 300, or HP 800). The HP 300 and HP 800 are two different enzymatically treated soy products manufactured and sold by Hamlet Protein (Findlay, …

Evaluation Of Dietary Electrolyte Balance On Nursery Pig Performance, A. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,880 pigs (PIC 327 × L42; initial BW 11.4 lb) were used in a 35-d growth performance trial evaluating the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) on growth performance of nursery pigs. There were 30 pigs per pen (60 pigs per double-sided feeder) and 12 replications (feeder) per treatment. Pens of pigs were allotted by BW and sex on arrival, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Treatment diets were corn-soybean meal-based with dried whey and other specialty protein sources used in Phase 1 with decreased amounts in Phase 2. Dietary electrolyte balance was determined …

Determining The Phosphorus Release For Natuphos E 5,000 G Phytase For Nursery Pigs, K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 286 nursery pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 24.3 lb and d 42 of age) were used in a 21-d growth trial to determine the available P (aP) release curve for a novel phytase source (Natuphos E 5,000 G, BASF Corporation, Florham Park, NJ). Pigs were randomly allotted to pens at weaning. On d 0 of the experiment (d 18 after weaning), pens were allotted in a randomized complete block design to 1 of 8 treatments. There were 4 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet formulated to 1.25% …

Effects Of Crude Protein And Amino Acid To Lysine Ratio On Finishing Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics, M. A. Gonçalves, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, K. Touchette, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The increased availability of synthetic amino acids has reduced the amount of intact protein sources used in swine diets. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different CP levels and AA to Lys ratios on growth performance and carcass characteristics in late finishing pigs. A total of 1,682 pigs (327 × 1050, PIC, Hendersonville, TN; initially 252.7 lb BW) were used in a 25-d growth trial arranged in an unbalanced randomized complete block design with 25 pigs per pen and initially 8 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 …

Influence Of Chromium Dose And Feeding Regimen On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Pigs Housed In A Commercial Environment, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, J. Loughmiller, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to determine the effects of increasing chromium propionate (KemTRACE Cr; Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA) and feeding regimen on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs housed in a commercial environment. There were a total of 1,206 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initial BW = 63.2 lb) with 27 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment. Pigs were split by gender upon arrival at the facility, with 4 blocks of each gender and a final mixed gender block. Gender blocks were randomly allotted to groups of 5 pen locations within the barn. Diets were corn-soybean meal-dried distillers …

Effects Of Increasing Levels Of Copper From Either Cuso4 Or Combinations Of Cuso4 And A Cu-Amino Acid Complex On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Economics Of Finishing Pigs, C. B. Carpenter, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, Z. J. Rambo

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,089 pigs (PIC 280 ×1050; initially 82.2 lb) were used in a 105-d experiment to determine the effects of increasing added Cu from either CuSO₄alone or a 50/50 blend of CuSO₄and Cu-AA (Availa^®-Cu, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economics of finishing pigs. All 6 dietary treatments contained 17 ppm Cu from CuSO₄from the trace mineral premix. Additional treatment diets contained added CuSO₄to provide 70 and 130 ppm total Cu or a 50/50 blend of added Cu from CuSO₄and Cu-AA …

Assessing Training Methods To Educate Dairy Workers, L. Mendonca, B. E. Voelz, A. Scanavez

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Training employees is fundamental for dairy producers to achieve efficiency in order to increase profitability. Training videos offered online are becoming more common and recommended to train employees. The goals of this survey were to evaluate the comfort level of dairy employees in using computers and tablets, and preferred training delivery methods. A total of 71 employees from 6 dairies were interviewed. Interviews were conducted in the preferred language of the interviewee – English or Spanish. Of the respondents, 52 and 65.6% of employees consider computers and tablets easy to use, respectively. More than half of the employees reported that …

Freezing Strip Loin And Top Round Steaks Improves Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, R. Mcewan, J. A. Unruh, T. A. Houser, T. G. O'Quinn, N. Bloedow, Christopher Vahl, S. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Postmortem aging of steaks is a common practice used to improve tenderness of beef steaks. The impact of proteolysis and improvement in tenderness due to aging varies among muscles. When designing research protocols, samples for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) are often frozen for later analysis because of convenience and time limitations. Freezing stops postmortem aging and allows for storage until meat can be cooked for WBSF and/or sensory analysis. However freezing meat may cause damage to cell membranes resulting in lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (improved mechanical tenderness), lower water holding capacity, and greater moisture loss during cooking. Several researchers have …

Palatability Of Ground Beef Increases When Brand Is Disclosed In Consumer Testing, A. K. Wilfong, K. V. Mckillip, J. M. Gonzalez, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, J. A. Unruh, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Of the beef products on the market, ground beef is one of the least expensive and most universal. Ground beef represents the largest volume of protein served in the foodservice industry, at 64%, and is the most popular beef item for consumers when preparing meals in their home (NCBA, 2012). To date, little research has evaluated ground beef palatability despite representing a large sector of the beef market. All ground beef is not the same to consumers. Ground beef from branded beef programs, higher lean points, and primal-specific blends are traditionally sold at retail for higher prices. Branding is used …

Does Knowing Brand Or Usda Grade Of Beef Strip Steaks Affect Palatability For Consumers?, A. K. Wilfong, K. V. Mckillip, J. M. Gonzalez, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, J. A. Unruh, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In consumers’ eyes, not all beef is considered equal. In addition to USDA quality grades, close to 150 branded beef programs are approved for the segregation and marketing of beef products (USDA, 2015). This large number of product categories allows consumers to have a choice in the products they purchase. Blind sensory panel testing of beef, where consumers are not shown the brand or information about a product, has been used for many years. While important to determine palatability characteristics of beef when evaluated blind, consumers do not select, purchase, and consume beef without additional product information. Evidence suggests that …

Effects Of Altering Supplementation Frequency During The Pre-Partum Period Of Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Native Range, C. J. Mcmullen, J. R. Jaeger, J. W. Waggoner, K. R. Harmoney, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Spring-calving beef cattle that are grazing low-quality (<7% crude protein) dormant forage typically are unable to meet their maintenance requirements for protein. Providing a protein supplement (>30% crude protein) is recommended to decrease losses of body weight and body condition. Nutrient supplementation when forage quality is poor or limited is one of the largest expenditures for forage-based beef cattle operations. The expansion of the ethanol industry has afforded many producers in corn and sorghum-producing regions an alternative to traditional oilseed-based protein supplements. The availability and nutrient profile of distiller’s grains with solubles (DDG) has made it popular as a supplement for cows that are grazing dormant lowquality forages.

Decreasing supplementation frequency reduces costs for labor and fuel. Previous …

Supplemental Zinc Sulfate Affects Growth Performance Of Finishing Heifers, C. L. Van Bibber-Krueger, J. S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Zinc is an essential mineral required for normal function of more than 300 enzymes in microorganisms, plants, and animals. Zinc-requiring enzymes participate in metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, all of which are essential for growth of cattle. In addition, zinc is necessary for normal development and function of the immune system. The requirement for zinc in finishing cattle diets has been established at 30 ppm (NRC, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 2000), though concentrations recommended by consulting nutritionists and feed manufacturers span a far broader range. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding …

Effectiveness Of Heat Detection Patches For Determining Cyclicity Status In Peripubertal Heifers, S. K. Johnson, J. R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Response to most estrous synchronization programs is improved in cycling females, compared to pre-pubertal heifers or anestrus cows. Cycling status is often monitored for research purposes by measuring progesterone concentrations in serum. Producers may want to use information on cyclicity status when determining which estrous synchronization program to use or as a component of their heifer selection.

Heat detection patches are routinely used to aid or reduce time needed for heat detection. The most data on their use is for a 3 to 5-day period after estrous synchronization. Little information is available on retention of patches for longer time periods …

Effects Of Various Grazing Systems On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 240 mixed black yearling steers were used to compare grazing and subsequent finishing performance from pastures with ‘MaxQ’ tall fescue, a wheat-bermudagrass double-crop system, or a wheat-crabgrass double-crop system in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Daily gains of steers that grazed MaxQ fescue, wheatbermudagrass, or wheat-crabgrass were similar (P>0.05) in 2010. The daily gains of steers that grazed wheat-bermudagrass or wheat-crabgrass were greater (P>0.05) than those that grazed MaxQ fescue in 2011 and 2012. The daily gains of steers that grazed wheat-crabgrass were greater (P>0.05) than those that grazed wheat-bermudagrass and similar …

Effects Of Supplementation With Corn Or Dried Distillers Grains On Gains Of Heifer Calves Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 60 heifer calves grazing smooth bromegrass pastures were used to compare supplementation of 0.5% of body weight per head daily of corn or dried distillers grains (DDG) in 2014 and 2015. Daily gains of heifers supplemented with corn or DDG were similar (P>0.05).

Nitrogen Management For Teff Hay Production, D. H. Min, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fertilization of teff with the ESN source of nitrogen (N) at the higher rates, 100 and 125 lb N/a resulted in increased seasonal forage production. The primary increase occurred in the second of three cuttings.

2013 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Bermudagrass Test: 2015 Data, L. Parsons, J. Griffin, J. Hoyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Kansas represents the northernmost region in the central United States where bermudagrass can be successfully grown as a perennial turfgrass. Historically, few cultivars that have both acceptable quality and adequate cold-tolerance have been available to local growers. Because new introductions are continually being selected for improved hardiness and quality, both seeded and vegetative types need regular evaluation to determine their long-range suitability for use in Kansas.

2012 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Tall Fescue Test: 2015 Data, L. Parsons, M. Kennelly, J. Griffin, J. Hoyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A number of the cultivars included in the 2012 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Tall Fescue Test performed well and showed good brown patch resistance in southern Kansas during the 2015 growing season.

Grain Sorghum Response To Water Supply And Environment, J. Broeckelman, G. J. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, G. Cramer, Eric Adee, A. Schlegel, J. D. Holman, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three grain sorghum hybrids were selected to compare under different water supply scenarios across Kansas. The environments ranged from dryland in western Kansas to dryland and irrigated in central and eastern Kansas. The three hybrids that were selected represent different sorghum genotypes used commercially. Looking at two situations from higher and lower yielding environments, hybrids 1 and 3 had different strategies to attain final yields. In the higher yielding environment, both grain harvest index (HI, expressed as the dry weight ratio of grain yield to plant biomass at maturity) and biomass were maximized for hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. In …

Fallow Replacement Crop (Cover Crops, Annual Forages, And Short-Season Grain Crops) Effects On Wheat And Grain Sorghum Yields, J. D. Holman, T. Roberts, S. Maxwell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Producers are interested in growing cover crops and reducing fallow. Growing a crop during the fallow period would increase profitability if crop benefits exceeded expenses. Benefits of growing a cover crop were shown in high rainfall areas, but limited informa­tion is available on growing cover crops in place of fallow in the semiarid Great Plains. A study was done from 2007–2016 that evaluated cover crops, annual forages, and short season grain crops grown in place of fallow. In the first experiment (2007-2012) the rotation was no-till wheat-fallow, and in the second experiment (2012-2016) the rotation was no-till wheat-grain sorghum-fallow. This …

Tillage Intensity In A Long-Term Wheat- Sorghum-Fallow Rotation, A. Schlegel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Grain yields of wheat and grain sorghum increased with decreased tillage intensity in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. In 2015, available soil water at wheat planting was greater for no-till (NT) and reduced till (RT) than for conventional till (CT). Simi­larly, for grain sorghum in 2015, available soil water at planting was increased with NT or RT and least with CT. Averaged across the 15-yr study, available soil water at wheat and sorghum planting was similar for RT and NT and about 1 inch greater than CT. Averaged across the past 15 years, NT wheat yields were 5 bu/a greater than …

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization Of Irrigated Corn, A. Schlegel, H. D. Bond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-term research shows that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer must be applied to optimize production of irrigated corn in western Kansas. In 2015, N applied alone increased yields 70 bu/a, whereas P applied alone increased yields only 12 bu/a. Nitrogen and P applied together increased yields up to 129 bu/a. This is below the 10- year average, where N and P fertilization increased corn yields up to 144 bu/a. Applica­tion of 120 lb/a N (with P) produced about 98% of maximum yield in 2015, which is 5% more than the 10-year average. Application of 80 instead of 40 lb …

Efficacy Of Preemergence And Sequential Applications With Corvus, Atrazine, Starane, Balance, Anthem, Capreno, Diflexx And Halex Gt In Irrigated Corn, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Control of kochia and quinoa was 98 to 100% regardless of herbicide treatment at 48 days after post applications (DAPT), and 95% or more with all herbicides for Russian thistle. Palmer amaranth control was slightly less with preemergent (PRE) treatments alone compared to sequential treatments. Corvus (isoxaflutole + thiencarbazone) plus atrazine, Starane Ultra (fluroxypyr), and nonionic surfactant preemergence controlled crabgrass by 88%; whereas all other treatments provided 91% or more crabgrass control. Corn with the best herbicide treatments yielded 33 to 66 bu/a more than untreated corn.

Fallow Weed Control With Postemergence Applications Of Agh15004, Ag14039, Roundup Powermax, And Atrazine, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All treatments except AGH15004 at 1.5 pt/a plus Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) and nonionic surfactant provided more than 95% kochia control at 14 days after treatment (DAT). By 28 DAT, only those treatments containing atrazine provided greater than 95% kochia control. However, kochia control at 42 DAT was greater than 90% with all treatments except Roundup PowerMax plus nonionic surfactant.

Determining The Influence Of Kemtrace Cr And/Or Micro-Aid On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Pigs Housed In A Commercial Environment, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, J. Loughmiller, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to determine the interactive effects of chromium propionate (KemTRACE Cr; Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA) and Micro-Aid (Yucca schidigera-based product; Distributors Processing Inc., Porterville, CA) on growth performance and carcass composition of finishing pigs housed in a commercial environment. There were a total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initial BW = 60.3 lb) with 27 pigs/ pen and 11 pens/treatment. Pigs were split by gender upon arrival at the facility, with 5 blocks of each gender and a final mixed sex gender block. Gender blocks were randomly allotted to groups of …