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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon
Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Various chemical compounds contribute to the naturally pleasant flavor of milk. Over time, however, and with unwanted chemical reactions, loss of flavor is inevitable. This study was conducted to identify and quantify volatile flavor compounds associated with off-flavored and commercial reduced-fat milk products. Fresh milk was used for the preparation of altered milk samples having off-flavors such as "light-oxidized" and "high-acid." Milk lacking freshness (i.e., milk produced two weeks before sampling and maintained at 40oF in the dark) also was compared with fresh unaltered milk and two commercial milk samples. For headspace analysis, milk samples were subjected to SPME-GC for …
Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic
Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Lactating dairy cattle were used to evaluate three different cooling systems. Eight cows were arranged in a replicated Latinsquare design and assigned to each of four treatments. Treatments were control, lowpressure soaking (LPS), high-pressure misting with 1.7 gallons per minute of water (HP-1.7), or high-pressure misting with 3.4 gallons per minute of water (HP-3.4). Cows were allowed to become heat stressed in a free-stall facility, and then were moved to a tie-stall barn for 2 hours of observations during four hot and humid afternoons. Respiration rates declined when heat abatement systems were used. Respiration rates at the end of the …
Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk
Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Accelerated-growth feeding programs are the newest buzz word in calf rearing. Accelerated programs require a milk replacer containing more crude protein and less fat content than traditional milk replacers. These programs are generally phase-feeding programs that increase the amount of milk replacer as the calf advances in age. In addition, changes in the calf starter are necessary to achieve optimal performance. These programs increase weight gain during the liquid-feeding period and may positively impact calf health. Changes in the composition and amount of milk replacer used increase the cost of the accelerated program, compared with that of conventional programs. Gains …
Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner
Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows were arranged in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin Square design to evaluate the effect of soaking frequency and volume of water per soaking on lactating cows housed in a tunnel-ventilated and evaporative-cooled freestall barn. Rectal temperature, respiration rate, and body surface temperatures were measured every 5 minutes. Treatments were: control (C); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.26 gallons (5L); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.53 gallons (5H); soaking every 10 minutes with 0.26 gallons (10L); or soaking every 10 minutes with 0.53 gallons (10H). Average ambient temperature and humidity were 86.5ºF and 68% outside …
Resynchronizing Estrus And Ovulation In Open Cows And Heifers (2004), S.M. Tiffany, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Resynchronizing Estrus And Ovulation In Open Cows And Heifers (2004), S.M. Tiffany, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We compared outcomes of two protocols used to resynchronize estrus and ovulation in dairy females after found open at pregnancy checks. Replacement heifers and lactating cows in which AI occurred 41 ± 1 day earlier were presented every 2 to 3 weeks for a pregnancy check by ultrasonography. Ovaries were scanned, follicles were mapped and sized, presence of corpus luteum was noted, and GnRH was injected (day 0) . Females received PGF2" 7 days later (day 7) and then were assigned randomly to either receive estradiol cypionate (ECP) 24 hours after PGF2" (day 8; Heatsynch; n = 230) or a …
Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis
Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Johne's disease was characterized as a significant disease in cattle before the start of the 20th century. The disease causes a chronic wasting away and non-responsive diarrhea, coupled with a long incubation period and difficulty in diagnosis until late in the course of disease. As a result, it has become a costly aggravation to dairy producers over the years. Of even greater concern, however, is the more recent incrimination of the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subspecies pseudotuberculosis (MAP), as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans. Because MAP is present in milk of cows with advanced Johne's disease, and …
Serving Temperature Effects On Milk Flavor, Milk Aftertaste, And Volatile-Compound Quantification In Nonfat And Whole Milk, L.L. Francis, S.H. Kong, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon
Serving Temperature Effects On Milk Flavor, Milk Aftertaste, And Volatile-Compound Quantification In Nonfat And Whole Milk, L.L. Francis, S.H. Kong, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Many people seem to prefer to drink milk when it is cold. Research describing flavor and aftertaste of milk, and then correlating these traits with their chemical composition, has not previously been done. The objectives of this study were to describe milk flavor and aftertaste by using a descriptive sensory panel and to quantify the headspace volatiles of nonfat and whole milk as a function of serving temperature. Headspace volatile compounds of milk samples served at 40°F and 60°F were quantified by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis, with a 75-μm Carboxen- PDMS fiber, sampling milk at 140oF for 30 minutes, …
Effect Of A New Teat Dip On Somatic Cell Count, Incidence Of Mastitis, And Milk Production In A Commercial Dairy (2004), John E. Shirley, W.F. Miller, J. Rottinghaus, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of A New Teat Dip On Somatic Cell Count, Incidence Of Mastitis, And Milk Production In A Commercial Dairy (2004), John E. Shirley, W.F. Miller, J. Rottinghaus, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five hundred and thirty Holstein cows located in a commercial dairy herd near Birdseye, Indiana, were used to evaluate an iodophor (0.50% iodine) teat dip containing a new conditioner. The new teat dip (Dinerin) was evaluated against a common commercial teat dip (WestAgro Iodozyne pre-dip and West- Agro Blockade post dip). The study was conducted February 17 through June 25, 2004. Cows treated with Dinerin teat dip had lower somatic cell counts and produced more milk than those treated with the WestAgro products.; Dairy Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004;
Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van
Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The primary advantages of reducing age at first calving (AFC) include reducing rearing costs as well as reducing time in which the heifer is only a capital drain on farm resources. The primary disadvantage of reducing AFC is that it is frequently associated with a reduction in first-lactation milk yield. Despite this reduction in first-lactation milk yield, production per year of herd life is typically increased by reduced AFC. Furthermore, although the first lactation yield may be influenced by AFC, future lactations are decidedly not. In addition, stayability and health of cows are not influenced by reduced AFC as long …
Inseminations At Estrus Induced By The Presynch Protocol Before Timed Artification Insemination (2004), A.P. Phatak, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Inseminations At Estrus Induced By The Presynch Protocol Before Timed Artification Insemination (2004), A.P. Phatak, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A controlled field study examined conception rates after two timed-AI (TAI) breeding protocols conducted on two commercial dairy farms. Estrous cycles in postpartum lactating cows were presynchronized with two injections of PGF2" given 14 days apart (Presynch) and then, after 12 days, the standard Ovsynch protocol (injection of GnRH 7 days before and 48 h after an injection of PGF2", with one TAI at 12 to 16 hours after the second GnRH injection) or Heatsynch protocol (injection of GnRH 7 days before an injection of PGF2", followed 24 h later by 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and one TAI …
Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt
Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Various percentages (1.2% to 13%) of β- cyclodextrin (β"“CD) were added to water or pasteurized whole milk to study β-CD crystallization patterns. Influential factors such as crystallization time (4 to 12 h), crystallization temperature (45º vs. 72ºF), and centrifugation speed (25 to 3000 x g) were investigated. Optimized crystallization conditions were verified in antibiotic-tainted raw milk samples via the enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay and by solids partitioning. In water, β-CD precipitate increased significantly as β-CD concentration and crystallization time increased, but was independent of the centrifugation speed. In pasteurized whole milk, precipitate increased as β-CD concentration, crystallization time, and centrifugation speed …
Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Yeast And Fibrolytic Enzymes (2004), Evan C. Titgemeyer, B.J. Johnson, John E. Shirley
Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Yeast And Fibrolytic Enzymes (2004), Evan C. Titgemeyer, B.J. Johnson, John E. Shirley
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the effect of supplementing typical dairy diets with yeast and fibrolytic enzymes on dairy cow performance. Twentyfour Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of yeast (Procreatin-7, a live culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and various amounts of FP800 (a fibrolytic enzyme mixture) on lactation performance. Treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial design consisting of 8 treatments: 0, 5, 10, or 15 g of FP800 per day and 0 or 5 g of Procreatin-7 per day. Design and conduct of the experiment allowed at least 10 observations in each of the 8 treatment combinations. Within …
Impact Of Dried Seaweed Meal On Heat-Stressed Lactating Dairy Cattle (2004), B. Cvetkovic, John E. Shirley, Michael J. Brouk
Impact Of Dried Seaweed Meal On Heat-Stressed Lactating Dairy Cattle (2004), B. Cvetkovic, John E. Shirley, Michael J. Brouk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were used to determine the production response to the inclusion of brown seaweed in the basal diet during summer heat stress. Cows were blocked by lactation number, days in milk, and energy-corrected milk and then allotted to either a control or control + brown seaweed diet. Cattle on the brown seaweed diet were fed 4 ounces per cow per day for 7 days , and then 2 ounces per cow per day for 14 days, before the start of the experiment. All cattle were housed in a tie-stall barn, fed individually, and milked twice daily. Cows …
Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Differing Levels And Direction Of Supplemental Airflow (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic
Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Differing Levels And Direction Of Supplemental Airflow (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seven heat-stressed, lactating Holstein cows were exposed to six different cooling systems to evaluate the effects of air velocity and direction of airflow. Cows were arranged in a 7 x 7 Latin-square design. Six cooling treatments were compared with a control. Supplemental airflow was provided by axial flow at one of three velocities: 500, 750, or 900 cubic feet per minute (CFM). Airflow was either from the front to rear (FRT) or from the right side (SIDE) of the cow. Combined cooling treatments were FRT-500, FRT- 750, FRT-900, SIDE-500, SIDE-750, or SIDE-900. All cooling systems used a lowpressure soaking system …