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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1994

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Articles 91 - 115 of 115

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Appropriate Methionine:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pig (1994), K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, K G. Friesen, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

Appropriate Methionine:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pig (1994), K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, K G. Friesen, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 350 crossbred pigs (9.0 ± 2 d old and 8.4 lb +f- 2.5 BW) was used to determine the appropriate methionine: lysine ratio in diets for the segregated early-weaned pig. Two lysine levels (1.8 and 1.4%) and five methionine levels within each lysine level were used in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement. Methionine: lysine ratios ranged from 21.5 to 33.5 %. From d 0 to 21 postweaning, all diets contained 25%dried whey, 12% lactose, 7.5% spray dried porcine plasma, 6.0% select menhaden fish meal, and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal. The basal diets containing 1.4 and 1.8% …

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Dietary Lysine Requirements Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (1994), K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, K G. Friesen, J W. Smith Ii, J R. Bergstrom, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

Dietary Lysine Requirements Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (1994), K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, K G. Friesen, J W. Smith Ii, J R. Bergstrom, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 320 (160 barrows and 160 gilts) 14- to 18-d-old pigs (initially 10.2 ± 2.2 lb) was used to determine the optimal level of dietary lysine needed for the segregated early-weaned pig. Two diet formulation methods were used with six dietary lysine levels within each formulation method, resulting in a 2 X 6 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first formulation method consisted of a basal diet that contained 1.95% lysine. Increasing levels of cornstarch replaced L-lysine to achieve the other five dietary treatments (1.2, 1.35, 1.50, 1.65, and 1.80% dietary lysine). All other amino acids in each diet …

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Processing Procedures And Feeding Systems For Sorghum-Based Diets Given To Lactating Sows (1994), I H. Kim, Joe D. Hancock, L L. Burnham, G A. Kennedy, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines Jan 1994

Processing Procedures And Feeding Systems For Sorghum-Based Diets Given To Lactating Sows (1994), I H. Kim, Joe D. Hancock, L L. Burnham, G A. Kennedy, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One-hundred twenty nine primiparous sows were used to determine the effects of alternative processing procedures and feeding systems on the nutritional value of sorghum grain-based diets for lactating sows. Treatments were a ground sorghum control, steam- flaked sorghum and extruded sorghum fed in meal form, or the ground sorghum control given as pellets or gruel (1: 1 ratio of water and feed on a volume:volume basis). Average daily feed intake was greater for sows fed pelleted and gruel forms compared to sow fed the diets with steam-flaked and extruded sorghum. However, no differences occurred in sow weight or backfat losses …

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Calculating Feed Costs With Alternative Lysine Diets For High-Lean Growth Gilts (1994), K G. Friesen, Michael A. Boland, A P. Schinckel, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1994

Calculating Feed Costs With Alternative Lysine Diets For High-Lean Growth Gilts (1994), K G. Friesen, Michael A. Boland, A P. Schinckel, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data from two experiments were used to determine the feed cost per I of lean gain for high-lean growth gilts fed various digestible lysine levels (.54 to 1.04%). The cost for producing 1 lb of lean increased as live weight increased from 75 to 160 lb (Exp 1) and from 160 to 300 lb (Exp 2). However, in Exp I, the cost per lb of lean gain was minimized for gilts fed 1.04 and .94% digestible lysine (1.25 and 1.15% total lysine, respectively) from 75 to 90 lb and from 90 to 160 lb, respectively. These data are similar to …

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Influence Of A Single Injection Of Beta Carotene And/Or Vitamin A At Weaning On Subsequent Reproductive Performance Of Sows (1994), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1994

Influence Of A Single Injection Of Beta Carotene And/Or Vitamin A At Weaning On Subsequent Reproductive Performance Of Sows (1994), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 956 sows was used to determine the influence of a single injection of beta carotene, vitamin A, or the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A at weaning on subsequent reproductive performance. At weaning, sows were allotted randomly to one of the following four treatments: 1) 5 ml of saline (control); 2) 5 ml of beta carotene (200mg); 3) 2 ml of vitamin A (1,000,000 IV); or 4) 5 ml of beta-carotene and 2 ml of vitamin A. A total of 718 sows farrowed following a normal return to estrus « 30 days) and normal gestation length. …

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Injection Of Vitamin A At Insemination And Reproductive Performance In Gilts (1994), D Schoneweis, M Nelson, Duane L. Davis Jan 1994

Injection Of Vitamin A At Insemination And Reproductive Performance In Gilts (1994), D Schoneweis, M Nelson, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment tested the hypothesis that an injection of vitamin A on the day of first detected estrus would improve reproductive performance of gilts. Gilts (432) were assigned to either receive vitamin A (1,000,000 IV) or placebo injected intramuscularly on the first day of estrus. No differences in farrowing rate, number of pigs farrowed per litter, or birth weight of pigs were detected. Possibly, gilts do not respond to vitamin A with improved fecundity. Other workers have reported an improvement in litter size for sows. Alternatively, treatment with vitamin A may need to precede estrus to improve litter size or …

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The Effects Of Added Salt In The Phase Ii Starter Pig Diet (1994), C A. Kerr, B T. Richert, J R. Bergstrom, W B. Nessmith, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

The Effects Of Added Salt In The Phase Ii Starter Pig Diet (1994), C A. Kerr, B T. Richert, J R. Bergstrom, W B. Nessmith, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 178 pigs (initially 10.5 Ib and 19 d of age) was used to compare the effects of added salt in the Phase II (d 14 to 28 postweaning) diet. Pigs were alloted by sex and inital weight and placed in pens containing either nine or 10 pigs. All pigs were fed the same Phase I diet for the first 14 d postweaning. The Phase I diet contained 20% dried whey, 7.5% spry-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) and was formulated to contain 1.5% lysine and .42% methionine. On day 14, pigs were assigned …

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hog Marketing Groups (1994), J Mintert, R Tynon, Michael D. Tokach, Michael R. Langemeier, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1994

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hog Marketing Groups (1994), J Mintert, R Tynon, Michael D. Tokach, Michael R. Langemeier, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten hog marketing groups located in Kansas and Iowa were surveyed during 1993 to determine the success, operation, and management of hog marketing groups. Marketing group leaders were asked to identify principal advantages and disadvantages of marketing hogs in groups. Survey responses indicated that marketing hogs in groups led to producers receiving higher sale prices for their hogs and helped reduce their marketing costs. Commonly cited disadvantages of group marketing, included a loss in marketing flexibility, difficulties in coordinating loads among group members, and concerns about increased susceptibility to diseases from other herds.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1994

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Effects Of Interaction Between Zinc Oxide And Copper Sulfate On Starter Pig Performance (1994), J W. Smith Ii, B T. Richert, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

Effects Of Interaction Between Zinc Oxide And Copper Sulfate On Starter Pig Performance (1994), J W. Smith Ii, B T. Richert, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of supplementing starter pig diets with zinc oxide and (or) copper sulfate on starter pig performance. In experiment 1, two hundred forty pigs were used in a 28-day growth assay. Four dietary treatments were used: 1) control (165 ppm zinc and 16.5 ppm copper), 2) 3,000 ppm zinc, 3) 250 ppm copper, and 4) 3,000 ppm zinc + 250 ppm copper. The pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to each of the four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design with 9, 10, or 11 pigs per pen and …

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Influence Of Postmortem Injection Of Calcium Chloride On Tenderness Of Pork Longissimus Muscle (1994), B J. Mcfarlane, John A. Unruh Jan 1994

Influence Of Postmortem Injection Of Calcium Chloride On Tenderness Of Pork Longissimus Muscle (1994), B J. Mcfarlane, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-seven pork carcass sides were assigned randomly to either blast chilling for 1 h at -13°F followed by 23 h chill at 34°F or a standard chill at 34°F for 24 h. At 24 h postmortem, the longissimus muscle from the center loin region was removed and divided into anterior and posterior halves. Halves were assigned randomly to either calcium-chloride (CaCI2) injection or non-injected controls. Those receiving CaCl2 were injected with a .3 molar solution at 10% pump by weight. Muscles then were stored for 3 d at 34OF before 1-in chops were removed, cooked to an internal temperature of …

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The Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine On Growth Performance And Tissue Accretion Rates In The Early-Weaned Pig (1994), K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

The Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine On Growth Performance And Tissue Accretion Rates In The Early-Weaned Pig (1994), K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 pigs (initially 11.7 Ib and 21 d of age) was used in a 35-weight, ancestry, and sex in a randomized complete block design, resulting in six pigs per pen (three barrows and three gilts) and six pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed in two phases from d 0 to 35 postweaning. During Phase I (d 0 to 14 postweaning), the control diet was corn-soybean meal based; included 7.5% spray-dried porcine plasma, 25% dried whey, and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal; and was formulated to contain 1.6% lysine; and .44% methionine. On d 14, all pigs were …

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Effect Of Feeder Design On Finishing Pig Growth Performance (1994), M M. Rantanen, B T. Richert, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1994

Effect Of Feeder Design On Finishing Pig Growth Performance (1994), M M. Rantanen, B T. Richert, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of three hundred pigs (initial BW = 111.6 lb) was used in two identical 70-d growth trials to determine the effect of feeder design on finishing pig growth performance. Pigs were allotted by initial body weight and were assigned to pens with one of three different feeder designs. Five replications of each treatment were evaluated during the summer (July through September) and another five replications during winter months (November through January). All pigs were fed the same milo-soybean meal diet formulated to contain .65% lysine, .65% Ca, and .55% P and fed in meal form. Feeder design had …

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Evaluation Of Modified Potato Starch In Diets For The Early-Weaned Pig (1994), C A. Kerr, B T. Richert, J R. Bergstrom, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1994

Evaluation Of Modified Potato Starch In Diets For The Early-Weaned Pig (1994), C A. Kerr, B T. Richert, J R. Bergstrom, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two growth trials were conducted to compare the effectiveness of replacing either corn or lactose with modified potato starches in diets for conventionally and early-weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 198 pigs (initially 9.4lb and 19 d of age) were used to determine if modified potato starch (potato starch 1) can replace a portion of the lactose in a high nutrient dense diet. Pigs were allotted by weight, gender, and ancestry to each of six dietary treatments with either five or six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment. The control diet contained 10% dried whey (7.2% lactose), 7.5% spray-dried …

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Comparison Of Norse Lt-94 (Herring Meal) To Other Protein Sources In Early-Weaned Starter Pig Diets (1994), B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1994

Comparison Of Norse Lt-94 (Herring Meal) To Other Protein Sources In Early-Weaned Starter Pig Diets (1994), B T. Richert, J W. Smith Ii, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two growth trials were conducted to compare Norse LT-94 to other protein sources in starter pig diets. In trial 1, 270 weanling pigs (initially 13.7 lb and 20 d of age) were used to compare Norse LT-94 (herring meal), select menhaden fish meal, and spraydried blood meal as protein sources in the Phase II diet. Pigs were blocked by weight with six replications of three treatments and 15 pigs per pen. During Phase I (d 0 to 7 postweaning), all pigs were fed the same high nutrient density diet. During Phase II (7 to 28 d postweaning), pigs were fed …

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Evaluation Of Potato Protein In Starter Pig Diets (1994), J W. Smith Ii, B T. Richert, L J. Kats, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1994

Evaluation Of Potato Protein In Starter Pig Diets (1994), J W. Smith Ii, B T. Richert, L J. Kats, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In two separate trials, the use of potato protein (75% CP, 5.9% lysine), as a replacement for spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in Phase I and for spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) and select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) in Phase II diets (d 0 to 14 and d 7 to 28 postweaning, respectively), was evaluated. In Exp. 1, 185 weanling pigs (initially 9.7 Ib and 15.5 d of age) were blocked by weight and gender and allotted in a randomized complete block design to one of five dietary treatments. The control diet was formulated to 1.5% lysine and .42% methionine and contained …

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The Effects Of Supplemental Dietary Carnitine, Betaine, And Chromium Nicotinate On Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Growing-Finishing Swine (1994), J W. Smith Ii, K Q. Owen, K G. Friesen, T T. Lohrmann, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1994

The Effects Of Supplemental Dietary Carnitine, Betaine, And Chromium Nicotinate On Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Growing-Finishing Swine (1994), J W. Smith Ii, K Q. Owen, K G. Friesen, T T. Lohrmann, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty-four pigs (initially 75 lb) were used to determine the effects of dietary betaine, carnitine, and chromium nicotinate on growth performance and carcass composition. Pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and weight and allotted in a randomized complete block design to each of four dietary treatments. These treatments were a corn-soybean meal-based control diet and control diet plus 50 ppm carnitine, 1,000 ppm betaine, or 200 ppb chromium from chromium nicotinate. Grower diets (75 to 125 lb) were formulated to contain 1.0% lysine and finisher diets (125 to 225 lb) were formulated to contain .8% lysine. All diets were com-soybean …

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Influence Of Source Of Calories On Composition And Production Of Milk (1994), A.J. Gallegos, John E. Shirley Jan 1994

Influence Of Source Of Calories On Composition And Production Of Milk (1994), A.J. Gallegos, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat and tallow increased milk production in a complementary fashion when added to a milo-based grain mix.; Dairy Day, 1994, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1994;

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Managing High Milk-Producing Herds Ix. Raising Dairy Heifers And Steers: A Business. Surviving Gatt, Nafta, And The 1995 Farm Bill (1994), John E. Shirley Jan 1994

Managing High Milk-Producing Herds Ix. Raising Dairy Heifers And Steers: A Business. Surviving Gatt, Nafta, And The 1995 Farm Bill (1994), John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The primary focus of the dairy industry in Kansas has been the milking herd. However, dairy heifer replacements and dairy steers offer income opportunities that have been largely ignored by some Kansas dairy producers. The 1994 Dairy Day program highlights these programs as potential profit centers. An "opportunity cost" analysis comparing the economic returns from your present enterprises with the potential returns from a dairy heifer or steer enterprise might propel you into a new career or enhance the profitability of your total operation.; Dairy Day, 1994, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1994;

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Effect Of Yearly Milk Per Cow On Various Reproduction Traits (1994), Edward P. Call Jan 1994

Effect Of Yearly Milk Per Cow On Various Reproduction Traits (1994), Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An analysis of 4,334 Holstein dairies confirms the negative genetic correlation that exists between milk production and reproduction. The most obvious traits affected are services per conception and conception rate. When subjected to analysis by the KSU Dairy Herd Analyzer (DHA) program, higher-producing herds have less economic loss because their managers do a better job of controlling factors not under genetic control, such as average days dry and age at calving of first-calf heifers (L-1). Higher-producing herds also have fewer cows that are open and should be bred.; Dairy Day, 1994, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1994;

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Evaluation Of Enzyme-Modified Wheat Gluten As A Component Of Milk Replacers For Calves (1994), H. Terui, J.L Morrill, James J. Higgins Jan 1994

Evaluation Of Enzyme-Modified Wheat Gluten As A Component Of Milk Replacers For Calves (1994), H. Terui, J.L Morrill, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Holstein bull calves (n=120) were assigned randomly to be fed either of five milk replacers (MR) that contained different amounts of crude protein (CP) and protein from wheat gluten (WG) for 6 weeks. Weight gains of calves fed MR containing 20% CP, with either 0, 30, or 50% of the protein coming from WG, were similar, as were gains of calves fed MR containing 18% CP with either none or 33% of the protein from WG. When WG supplied 33% of the protein, calves fed 18% CP gained as much as calves fed MR containing 20% CP. Calves fed MR …

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Effects Of Processing Sorghum Grain On Dairy Calf Performance (1994), I.E.O. Abdelgadir, J.L. Morrill Jan 1994

Effects Of Processing Sorghum Grain On Dairy Calf Performance (1994), I.E.O. Abdelgadir, J.L. Morrill

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials evaluated the effect of processing sorghum grain on performance of young dairy calves. In trial 1, newborn Holstein calves (49 heifers and 27 bulls) were blocked by age and sex and assigned randomly to each of three calf starters containing either raw, roasted (Jet-Pro®) at 280 degrees F, or conglomerated (Jet-Pro®) sorghum grain. The conglomeration process consisted of grinding the grain, adding water, and pelleting the mixture, then roasting it. Raw and roasted sorghum grains were ground through a .125-inch screen and included in complete pellet starters, whereas conglomerated sorghum grain pellets were mixed with the other ingredients …

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Rate And Extent Of Losses From Top Spoilage In Alfalfa Silages Stored In Bunker Silos (1994), D.L. Holthaus, Matthew A. Young, L. Pfaff, B.E. Brent Jan 1994

Rate And Extent Of Losses From Top Spoilage In Alfalfa Silages Stored In Bunker Silos (1994), D.L. Holthaus, Matthew A. Young, L. Pfaff, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Alfalfa silages were made in pilot- and farm-scale silos, and five sealing treatments were compared. After 90 days, sealing dramatically reduced dry matter (DM) losses at the 5 and 10 inch depths in the farm silos and at the 0 to 12, 12 to 24, and 24 to 36 inch depths in the pilot silos. Extending the storage period to 180 days in pilot silos had no effect on DM losses for sealed or delay-sealed silages, but DM losses for unsealed silages continued to increase at all three depths. Placing a roof over the unsealed, farm-scale silo increased the silage …

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Use Of Gnrh And Pgf For Synchronized Ovulation And Fixed-Time Inseminations (1994), Y. Kobayashi, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1994

Use Of Gnrh And Pgf For Synchronized Ovulation And Fixed-Time Inseminations (1994), Y. Kobayashi, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Holstein cows and virgin heifers were treated with GnRH and PGF in a novel 2a ovulation synchronization protocol, which involves one fixed-time insemination. One injection of GnRH is given on a Monday morning, followed in 7 days with an injection of PGF . Approximately 32 hr later, ovula- 2a tion is induced with a second injection of GnRH, and one insemination is made 18 hr later. Control cattle were given one injection of PGF and inseminated at estrus. Preg- 2a nancy rates measured between 28 and 35 days after insemination by ultrasonography were slightly, but not significantly, higher in controls …

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Manure Storage Structures For Small Dairies (1994), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy Jan 1994

Manure Storage Structures For Small Dairies (1994), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Kansas environmental regulations require dairy producers with more than 300 animal units (215 mature cows at 1,400 lb, or equivalent weight) to be able to store the manure scraped from freestalls, lots, alleys, and holding pens for 120 days. Many dairies are smaller than the size requiring mandatory registration. However, some are considered a potential environmental problem because of their location near streams or waterways and/or their management and application of manure and may require registration. The intent of the regulations is that manure be stored from December to March to avoid applying it onto frozen ground. Most dairies consider …

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Management Analysis Of Dairy Cow Herd Enterprises In The Kansas Farm Management Association (1994), F.D. Delano, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1994

Management Analysis Of Dairy Cow Herd Enterprises In The Kansas Farm Management Association (1994), F.D. Delano, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Actual records of dairy cow herd enterprises from Kansas Farm Management Association farms over the past 4 years have shown an increase in returns over variable costs from $17,900 to $27,000 per farm for a 100-cow dairy herd in favor of herds with higher milkproducing cows. Cost per hundred weight of milk produced per cow decreased for the higher-producing herds compared with lowerproducing herds, even though total cost per cow increased. In 1993, for every extra $1.00 spent on feed and other variable costs, the higher producing herds earned $2.34. This was a 234% return per dollar invested.; Dairy Day, …

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