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Journal

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1993

Animal Sciences

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Articles 31 - 60 of 110

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Influence Of Dietary Lysine On Growth Performance Of High-Lean Growth Gilts Fed From 160 To 300 Lb (1993), K G. Friesen, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, L J. Kats, B J. Kerr, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, John A. Unruh, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1993

Influence Of Dietary Lysine On Growth Performance Of High-Lean Growth Gilts Fed From 160 To 300 Lb (1993), K G. Friesen, K Q. Owen, B T. Richert, L J. Kats, B J. Kerr, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, John A. Unruh, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One-hundred eight high-lean growth gilts (159.6 lb) were used to determine the dietary lysine requirement to optimize growth performance from 160 to 300 lb. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block, with initial weight serving as the blocking factor. Six dietary treatments were used, ranging from .44 to .94% digestible lysine (.59 to 1.16% total lysine). Pigs were housed in pens of three, with six replicate pens/treatment. Pig weights and feed disappearance were collected weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F/G). Average daily gain increased from 160 to 230 …

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Influence Of Dietary Lysine On Growth Performance And Tissue Accretion Rates Of High-Lean Growth Gilts Fed From 80 To 160 Lb (1993), K G. Friesen, L J. Kats, B J. Kerr, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, John A. Unruh, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1993

Influence Of Dietary Lysine On Growth Performance And Tissue Accretion Rates Of High-Lean Growth Gilts Fed From 80 To 160 Lb (1993), K G. Friesen, L J. Kats, B J. Kerr, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, John A. Unruh, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One-hundred eight high-lean growth gilts (75.5 lb initial weight) were used to determine the dietary lysine requirement to maximize growth performance and protein accretion from 80 to 160 lb. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block, with initial weight serving as the blocking factor. Six dietary treatments were included, ranging from .54 to 1.04% digestible lysine (.69 to 1.25% total dietary lysine). Pigs were housed in pens of three, with six replicate pens/treatment. Pig weights and feed disappearance were collected weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake ADFI, and feed efficiency (F/G). Initially, six …

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State Of The Kansas Swine Industry (1993), B L. Moore, Ted C. Schroeder, Michael R. Langemeier, Barry L. Flinchbaugh Jan 1993

State Of The Kansas Swine Industry (1993), B L. Moore, Ted C. Schroeder, Michael R. Langemeier, Barry L. Flinchbaugh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas hog industry represented 3.8% of U.S. hog production in 1977 and had peak production of nearly 3.4 million head in 1971. Since that time, the industry has declined significantly, representing only 2.5% of U.S. hog production with 2.5 million head produced in 1992. Kansas hog production has declined, while neighboring Nebraska has enjoyed increased production and share of U.S. production. Kansas hog production is also highly concentrated, with the largest 3.5% of producers owning 45.5% of the state's hog inventory. Efforts to identify specific causes and to change the economic environment will be required to reverse the decline …

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Pellet Quality Affects Growth Performance Of Nursery And Finishing Pigs (1993), C R. Stark, Robert H. Hines, Keith C. Behnke, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1993

Pellet Quality Affects Growth Performance Of Nursery And Finishing Pigs (1993), C R. Stark, Robert H. Hines, Keith C. Behnke, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of diet form (meal vs pellet) and amount of fines in pelleted feed on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs. One hundred twenty-six weanling pigs, with an average initial body wt of 12.5 lb, were used in the 35-d nursery experiment. The same phase I diet (pelleted) was fed to all pigs for 7 d, then the pigs were switched to phase II diet treatments (d 7 to 35 postweaning). Treatments were the same phase II diet fed as: 1) meal; 2) screened pellets (fines removed); and 3) the screened pellets …

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Relationship Between Ham Composition And Carcass Composition In Finishing Swine (1993), M E. Johnston, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1993

Relationship Between Ham Composition And Carcass Composition In Finishing Swine (1993), M E. Johnston, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The relationship between ham and carcass composition of 120 barrows with an average initial weight of 130 lb was used to develop prediction equations to determine carcass composition based on ham composition. Eighty pigs were slaughtered to determine total body and ham composition. The first half were slaughtered at 230 lb and the second half at 280 lb. Longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, whole ham weight, and trimmed ham weight of each pig were recorded 24 h following slaughter. The right ham and the right side of each carcass were ground and analyzed for protein, lipid, moisture, and ash contents. …

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Effects Of Cellulase Enzyme And A Bacterial Feed Additive On The Nutritional Value Of Sorghum Grain For Finishing Pigs (1993), I H. Kim, C R. Risley, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock Jan 1993

Effects Of Cellulase Enzyme And A Bacterial Feed Additive On The Nutritional Value Of Sorghum Grain For Finishing Pigs (1993), I H. Kim, C R. Risley, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and twenty-eight finishing pigs (113 lb average initial body wt) were used to determine the effects of adding cellulase enzyme and Bacillus bacteria to sorghum-based diets on growth performance, carcass merit, and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs. Treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal-based positive control; 2) sorghum-soybean meal-based negative control; 3) Diet 2 with cellulase; and 4) Diet 2 with a bacterial feed additive (i.e., a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus pumilus). There was a trend for greater average daily gain in pigs fed corn vs the sorghum treatments from d 0 to 28, but there …

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The Effect Of Increasing Dietary Methionine On Performance Of The Early-Weaned Pig (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, K G. Friesen, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1993

The Effect Of Increasing Dietary Methionine On Performance Of The Early-Weaned Pig (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, K G. Friesen, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 pigs (initially 10.8 lb and 21 d of age) was used in a 35 d growth trial to determine the effect of increased dietary methionine on growth performance for the early-weaned pig when offered a porcine plasma-based diet. During d 0 to 21 postweaning, increasing methionine levels were obtained by adding DL-methionine to a common basal diet. The control diet was corn-soybean meal-based; contained 10% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), 20% dried whey, 3% lactose, and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal (SDBM); and was formulated to contain 1.6% lysine and .28% methionine. DL-methionine replaced sucrose in the control …

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Do Dietary Buffers Improve Growth Performance Or Nutrient Digestibility Or Decrease Stomach Ulcers In Finishing Pigs? (1993), K J. Wondra, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1993

Do Dietary Buffers Improve Growth Performance Or Nutrient Digestibility Or Decrease Stomach Ulcers In Finishing Pigs? (1993), K J. Wondra, Robert H. Hines, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of supplemental buffers in finely ground diets were determined in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 128 pigs (123 lb average initial body wt) were fed a cornsoybean meal-based diet (488 μm mean particle size for corn) for 66 d. Treatments were a control and 1, 2, or 3% added sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Average daily gain, dressing percentage, and plasma urea N concentration decreased as the concentration of NaHCO3 in the diet was increased. However, the reduction in average daily gain occurred only at the 2 and 3% additions. Feed intake, feed/gain, backfat thickness, stomach ulceration score, stomach keratinization …

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Spray-Dried Egg Protein In Diets For Early-Weaned Starter Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1993

Spray-Dried Egg Protein In Diets For Early-Weaned Starter Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 197 weanling pigs (initially 11.7 lb and 18 d of age) was used in a 28 d growth trial to determine the influence of spray-dried egg protein as a protein substitute for either soybean meal or spray-dried porcine plasma on starter pig performance. Pigs were blocked by weight with six replications per treatment and seven to eight pigs per pen. Dietary treatments were based on level of egg protein (3 or 6%) added to a phase I high nutrient dense diet and the method of substitution (egg protein replacing either soybean meal or porcine plasma). A sixth …

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The Effects Of Increasing Dietary Methionine In The Phase Ii Starter Pig Diet (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, K G. Friesen, B T. Richert, R Musser, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1993

The Effects Of Increasing Dietary Methionine In The Phase Ii Starter Pig Diet (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, K G. Friesen, B T. Richert, R Musser, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 pigs (initially 12.4 lb and 21 d of age) was used in a 28 d growth trial to determine the effects of increasing dieatary methionine in the phase II ( d 7 to 28 postweaning) diet. Pigs were allotted by sex, weight, and ancestry and placed in pens containing six pigs each. All pigs were offered a common phase I diet for the first 7 d postweaning. The phase I diet contained 20% dried whey, 10% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), 3% lactose, and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal (SDBM) and was formulated to contain 1.6% lysine and …

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Appropriate Level Of Lactose In A Plasma Protein-Based Diet For The Early-Weaned Pig (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1993

Appropriate Level Of Lactose In A Plasma Protein-Based Diet For The Early-Weaned Pig (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 367 weanling pigs (initially 11.8 lb and 21 d of age) was used in a 28 d growth assay to determine the appropriate level of lactose needed in phase I diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) for the early-weaned pig. Pigs were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to one of six experimental diets: a positive control or five diets calculated to contain 7, 11, 15, 19, or 23% lactose. The positive control was a high nutrient density diet (HNDD) containing 7.5% SDPP, 1.75% spray-dried blood meal (SDBM), and 20% edible grade dried whey. The five lactose …

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Soybean Meal Is Necessary In Diets For Early-Weaned (12 D Of Age) Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, Steven S. Dritz, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1993

Soybean Meal Is Necessary In Diets For Early-Weaned (12 D Of Age) Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, Steven S. Dritz, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 192 pigs (initially 8.0 lb and 12 d of age) was used to determine the optimal soybean meal level to be included in starter diets for the 12-d-old weaned pig. The trial was a 28 d growth assay. Pigs were allotted by weight to six replicates of four treatments with six or 10 pigs per pen. From d 0 to 14 postweaning, pigs were fed a common diet or experimental diets containing 5, 10, and 15% soybean meal. These high nutrient dense diets were formulated to contain 1.7% lysine. All pigs were fed a common transition diet …

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Optimal Dietary Sequence In A Nursery-Phase Feeding Program For Segregated Early-Weaned (9±1 D Of Age) Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, B T. Richert, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1993

Optimal Dietary Sequence In A Nursery-Phase Feeding Program For Segregated Early-Weaned (9±1 D Of Age) Pigs (1993), K Q. Owen, L J. Kats, B T. Richert, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred forty weanling pigs (initially 7.2 lb BW and 9 + 1 d of age) were used to compare four dietary sequences of three diets in a 21-d growth trial. Diet A was formulated to contain 1.7% lysine and contained 7.5% spray-dried porcine plasma and 1.75% spray-dried blood meal. Diet B was formulated to contain 1.4% lysine and contained 2.5% spray-dried porcine plasma and 2.5% spray-dried blood meal. Diet C was formulated to contain 1.25 % lysine and contained 2.5% spray-dried blood meal. The four dietary sequences were as follows AAB, AAC, ABB, and ABC, with each letter indicating …

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Growth And Microbiology Of Nonmedicated, Segregated, Early-Weaned Pigs (1993), M M. Chengappa, M W. Vorhies, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1993

Growth And Microbiology Of Nonmedicated, Segregated, Early-Weaned Pigs (1993), M M. Chengappa, M W. Vorhies, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy pigs, 7 to 10 d of age, were randomly selected by litter of origin from a commercial farm in Northeast Kansas to compare the growth and microbiology of nonmedicated, segregated, early-weaned pigs to controls raised at the farm of origin. After weaning, both groups were fed a similar nutritional programs consisting of dry diets. No antimicrobial drugs were administered to the pigs except for a feed grade antimicrobial (carbadox) from weaning to 50 lb. Pigs were monitored for 12 weeks. Individual pigs weights, nasal swabs, and serum samples were collected on d 0 and then every 14 d thereafter …

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The Effects Of Bmd In Lactation Diets On Sow And Litter Performance (1993), B T. Richert, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1993

The Effects Of Bmd In Lactation Diets On Sow And Litter Performance (1993), B T. Richert, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty-five multiparous sows were used in a performance trial to evaluate the use of BMD® (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) on sow and litter performance during lactation in a herd with no previously documented history of Clostridium perfringens type C or D. Between day 96 and 100 of gestation, sows were allotted to one of two dietary treatments, either a diet containing 250 g/ton of BMD or the control diet with no antibiotic. Sows were fed the experimental diets until weaning (approx. 20 d). Litters were equalized to approximately 10 pigs per sow within 48 hrs postfarrowing. Piglets were transferred …

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Rate And Extent Of Losses From Top Spoilage In Alfalfa Silages Stored In Bunker Silos, D.L. Holthaus, D.R. Bonilla, L. Pfaff, D. Haverkamp, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Sonon, K. Budiongo, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young Jan 1993

Rate And Extent Of Losses From Top Spoilage In Alfalfa Silages Stored In Bunker Silos, D.L. Holthaus, D.R. Bonilla, L. Pfaff, D. Haverkamp, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Sonon, K. Budiongo, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Alfalfa silages were made in pilot- and farm-scale silos, and five sealing treatments were compared. After 90 days, sealing dramatically reduced DM losses at the 5 and 10 in. depths in the farm silos and at the 0 to 12, 12 to 24, and 24 to 36 in. depths in the pilot silos. Extending the storage period to 180 days in pilot silos had no effect on DM losses for sealed or delay sealed silages, but DM losses for unsealed silages continued to increase at all three depths. Placing a roof over the unsealed, farm-scale silo increased the silage DM …

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Use Of Cystorelin® And Artificial Insemination In Repeat-Breeding Beef Heifers After Estrous Synchronization, J.P. Holz, P.L. Houghton, M.F. Spire Jan 1993

Use Of Cystorelin® And Artificial Insemination In Repeat-Breeding Beef Heifers After Estrous Synchronization, J.P. Holz, P.L. Houghton, M.F. Spire

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was administered to a group of 13- to 14- month-old Angus and Angus crossbred repeat-breeding heifers at the time of the second or third artificial insemination to determine its effect on conception rates. Little benefit was derived from the use of GnRH at either second or third service in highly developed repeat-breeding heifers.

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A Laboratory System For Modeling Hay Storage, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen Jan 1993

A Laboratory System For Modeling Hay Storage, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A simple system is described that uses a hinged metal baling unit and a hydraulic press to make 4.0 x 4.3 x 5.3 inch wire-tied, laboratory- scale, hay bales. A comparison of densities of conventional, small, alfalfa bales (15x18x37 inches) and laboratory bales was made over a wide range of moisture levels (15 to 36%) and conventional bale densities (10 to 25 lb/ft3). Laboratory bale densities were regressed against conventional bale densities and agreement was excellent. The system is inexpensive to build and easy to use and can be reproduced easily.

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Comparison Of Conventional And Laboratory-Scale Alfalfa Hay Bales In Small Haystacks, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen Jan 1993

Comparison Of Conventional And Laboratory-Scale Alfalfa Hay Bales In Small Haystacks, W.K. Coblentz, J.O. Fritz, K.K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A system for making laboratory-scale alfalfa hay bales was evaluated in two trials. In the first, conventional rectangular and laboratory-scale bales were made at each of seven different combinations of moisture and density. Laboratory bales were incubated between two parent conventional bales of identical moisture content and bale density. Laboratory bales remained different (P<.05) from parent conventional bales for most temperature-related storage traits. Agreement between bale types was better for most quality traits. To achieve closer agreement between bale types, a second experiment was conducted in which the laboratory bales were made at 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times the density of the conventional bales. Agreement improved between laboratory bales of higher densities and conventional bales for most temperature traits. High-density laboratory bales had significantly greater acid detergent insoluble nitrogen values than conventional bales, particularly at the highest moisture level. These results implicate bale density as an important factor in heat damage to proteins in alfalfa hay.

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Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Beef Heifers After Estradiol Benzoate And Estrous Synchronization, R.P. Bolze, C.W. Peters Jan 1993

Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Beef Heifers After Estradiol Benzoate And Estrous Synchronization, R.P. Bolze, C.W. Peters

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Injectable estradiol (estradiol benzoate) was evaluated for its effect on the reproductive performance of yearling beef heifers whose estrous cycles were synchronized using the melengestrol acetate/prostaglandin F 2 α (MG- 2 A®/PG) system. Estradiol was injected 40 h after prostaglandin. Heifers were inseminated artificially (AI) 12 h after first observed heat during a 35-d AI period followed by 28 d of bull exposure. Estradiol had no effect on heat response or first-service pregnancy rate to AI during the synchronized period (5 d) and had no significant effect on overall AI pregnancy rate (35 d), cumulative pregnancy rate (63 d), or …

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Storage Losses In Net-Wrapped, Large, Round Bales Of Alfalfa Hay, R.K. Taylor, D.L. Kueck, C.E. Addison, Dale A. Blasi, Thomas Mark Maxwell, James P. Shroyer Jan 1993

Storage Losses In Net-Wrapped, Large, Round Bales Of Alfalfa Hay, R.K. Taylor, D.L. Kueck, C.E. Addison, Dale A. Blasi, Thomas Mark Maxwell, James P. Shroyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Net- and twine-wrapped alfalfa hay bales were stored from July, 1990 to April, 1991 in three Kansas counties (Reno, Saline, and Stafford). Dry matter losses and changes in acid detergent fiber and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen levels during storage were not significantly different between net- and twine-wrapped bales. Although a significant difference in dry matter recovery between inside and outside bale storage occurred in Saline County, it was not considered important because all recoveries were high. No significant differences in ADF or ADIN increases were found between initial core samples and samples from the outer 4 in. of the bales …

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Preservation Of Alfalfa Hay With A Microbial Inoculant, R.K. Taylor, W.C. Mahanna, Dale A. Blasi, Thomas Mark Maxwell, James P. Shroyer Jan 1993

Preservation Of Alfalfa Hay With A Microbial Inoculant, R.K. Taylor, W.C. Mahanna, Dale A. Blasi, Thomas Mark Maxwell, James P. Shroyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eleven large, round, alfalfa bales were treated with Pioneer® Brand 1155 Alfalfa Hay Inoculant and nine bales were untreated. The initial baling moistures were 14.1% (low) or 17.6% (medium). No significant differences were found in dry matter recovery or changes in acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen levels during the 2-month storage period. Average temperature was highest in the medium moisture bales, but was not high enough to cause heat damage. The microbial inoculant did not improve preservation or quality of the alfalfa hay at the baling moistures used in this study.

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Progesterone Concentrations, Estrous Response, And Fertility In Beef Heifers After Estrous Synchronization Using Melengestrol Acetate® And Prostaglandin F2Α, C.W. Peters, Robert L. Larson, L.R. Corah Jan 1993

Progesterone Concentrations, Estrous Response, And Fertility In Beef Heifers After Estrous Synchronization Using Melengestrol Acetate® And Prostaglandin F2Α, C.W. Peters, Robert L. Larson, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Melengestrol acetate (MGA®) and prostaglandin F2α(PG; Lutalyse®) were used to synchronize estrus in 757 yearling, virgin, beef heifers on six commercial ranches. Heifers were inseminated artificially (AI) 12 h after first detected estrus; those not detected in estrus were time-inseminated 72 h post-PG injection. Heifers detected in estrus by 72 h had higher AI and overall pregnancy rates than their counterparts not detected in estrus. Heifers with serum progesterone>1 ng/ml at PG administration were generally more fertile than those with progesterone<1 ng/ml. Of the heifers not detected in estrus and with low progesterone (<1 ng/ml), 24% still conceived to the timed insemination at 72 h, but only 73% became pregnant during the entire breeding period. Overall AI conception rate, based on estrous detection and timed insemination, was 49% and varied from 24% to 69% among the six ranches. Heifers exhibiting estrus and with elevated (>1 ng/ml) serum progesterone showed acceptable pregnancy rates (63% AI and 94% overall).

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Use Of Visual Appearance As An Indicator Of Degree Of Doneness In Ground Beef Patties, K.E. Warren, Melvin C. Hunt, M.A. Hague, Donald H. Kropf, Sally L. Stroda Jan 1993

Use Of Visual Appearance As An Indicator Of Degree Of Doneness In Ground Beef Patties, K.E. Warren, Melvin C. Hunt, M.A. Hague, Donald H. Kropf, Sally L. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Outbreaks of food-borne illness have emphasized the need for proper cooking of ground beef patties. Because of difficulties in measuring internal temperature of ground beef patties, visual indicators usually are used to estimate degree of doneness. As internal temperature increases from 130 to 170 ÌŠF, the internal appearance is expected to change from very red to brown and juice color from red to clear. Based on ground beef patties from three sources, we found that internal color over-estimated internal temperature. Expressible juice decreased in redness as internal temperature increased but did not run clear even at temperatures over 160 ÌŠF. …

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Summer Annual Forages In South Central Kansas, William F. Heer, Dale A. Blasi, Dale L. Fjell Jan 1993

Summer Annual Forages In South Central Kansas, William F. Heer, Dale A. Blasi, Dale L. Fjell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six summer annuals and three forage sorghums were evaluated for forage yield and quality under south central Kansas dryland conditions. When cut in the late boot to early heading stage, all forage types (millet, sudan, sorghum-sudan, and forage sorghum) produced similar dry matter yields, with no consistent differences in nutritional quality. Allowing the forages to reach maturity prior to cutting increased total yield per acre but decreased the crude protein content. The millets were higher in protein at maturity than the sudans or forage sorghums. However, the forage sorghums produced the most mature forage, whereas common sudan yielded the least. …

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Value-Added Beef Processing: Increasing The Value Of Beef Shanks Using Baadertm Processing Technology, R.E. Campbell, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 1993

Value-Added Beef Processing: Increasing The Value Of Beef Shanks Using Baadertm Processing Technology, R.E. Campbell, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Using a BaaderTM desinewing machine on beef shanks can increase the value of a beef carcass by $1 to $5 by improving palatability and texture and reducing fat. By varying belt pressure and drum opening size and passing shanks twice through the desinewer, we obtained commercially acceptable yields. Maximum lean yield was 93% of the shank using 5 mm drum holes for both passes. With 3 mm drum holes, very lean produced on the first pass. Using desinewed lean and flaking the sinew with an Urschel Commitrol®, we produced low-fat (10%) ground beef patties. Patties from desinewed lean alone and/or …

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Large Round Bale Hay Wastage By Various Feeding Methods, R.K. Taylor, G.W. Warmann, B.M. Plaschka, Dale A. Blasi, Glenn E. Newdigger Jr. Jan 1993

Large Round Bale Hay Wastage By Various Feeding Methods, R.K. Taylor, G.W. Warmann, B.M. Plaschka, Dale A. Blasi, Glenn E. Newdigger Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The amounts of wheat or hybrid sudan hay wasted with three large round bale feeding methods were evaluated at two ranch locations. The feeding methods were: 1) bale processor (Hay Forage Industries BP 25®) used to shred forage into bunks; 2) the same processor used to shred forage onto the ground; and 3) unrolling large round bales on the ground. Estimated forage wastages or refusals from unrolling, shredding onto ground, and shredding into bunks were 23, 13, and 8% with wheat hay and 22, 16, and 11% with sudan hay, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential for substantial savings of …

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Can "Natural" Flavorings Enhance The Flavor Of Low-Fat Ground Beef?, C.F. Carmack, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, J.R. Schwenke, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1993

Can "Natural" Flavorings Enhance The Flavor Of Low-Fat Ground Beef?, C.F. Carmack, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, J.R. Schwenke, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Natural flavorings were evaluated for use in low-fat ground beef, which frequently lacks flavor intensity. Three lean sources, A-maturity (young), E-maturity (mature cow), and imported (cow) beef round muscles, were used to formulate 7% and 25% fat ground beef. A-maturity fat was added to adjust fat levels. Controls (no added flavors) were prepared for each lean source. No additives were used in 25% fat controls, but 7% fat controls contained water (10%), carrageenan (.5%), and encapsulated salt (.38%). Four "natural" flavorings; Dried Cream Extract (DCE, Cumberland Packing Co., Inc.); Natural Prime Beef Base WONF #224545 and #224546 (224545, 224546, Tastemaker); …

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Evaluation Of 24 Corn Hybrids For Silage Agronomic Performance Under Both Irrigated And Dryland Conditions, R.N. Sonon, B.S. Dalke, D.L. Holthaus, D.R. Bonilla, L. Pfaff, John E. Boyer, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young Jan 1993

Evaluation Of 24 Corn Hybrids For Silage Agronomic Performance Under Both Irrigated And Dryland Conditions, R.N. Sonon, B.S. Dalke, D.L. Holthaus, D.R. Bonilla, L. Pfaff, John E. Boyer, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 1992, 24 corn hybrids were grown under both irrigated and dryland conditions and were harvested at 90% of the kernel milk line. Growing condition and hybrid significantly affected plant height and the number of days to the tasseling and silking stages. Most dryland hybrids had higher dry matter (DM) contents than irrigated hybrids, but all 24 hybrids had higher grain yields under irrigation. Growing condition and hybrid also significantly affected whole-plant DM and stover yields and percentages of cob and stover. The grain portion made the greatest contribution to the higher whole-plant silage yields for the irrigated hybrids compared …

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Effect Of Protein Concentration In Supplements And Frequency Of Supplementation On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Bluestem Range, J.L. Beaty, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, J.L. Morrill, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.E. Johnson Jan 1993

Effect Of Protein Concentration In Supplements And Frequency Of Supplementation On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Dormant Bluestem Range, J.L. Beaty, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, J.L. Morrill, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.E. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty-eight, pregnant, Angus x Hereford cows were used to determine whether response to altering frequency of winter range supplementation depends on the protein concentration in the supplements. Supplements containing 12%, 21%, 31%, or 41% crude protein (CP) were fed either daily (7X) or three times weekly (3X). Both groups consumed 31 lbs of supplement per head weekly. Frequency of supplementation exerted only minor influences on cow performance and had no effect on calf performance. However, cows lost less body weight and condition as CP concentration in the supplement increased. In addition, calf weaning weights were improved with increasing …

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