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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 11-171-S; Report of progress (Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service); 1047; Cattlemen's Day
Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nutrient Restriction Does Not Affect Implant Efficacy, T. Lee, Laman K. Mamedova, Benjamin W. Wileman, Daniel U. Thomson, Barry J. Bradford, Christopher D. Reinhardt
Nutrient Restriction Does Not Affect Implant Efficacy, T. Lee, Laman K. Mamedova, Benjamin W. Wileman, Daniel U. Thomson, Barry J. Bradford, Christopher D. Reinhardt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Anabolic implants in finishing beef cattle offer significant return on investment. Anabolic implants improve average daily gain feed efficiency in pasture and feedlot cattle. One way growth-promoting implants stimulate growth is through increasing production of insulin-like growth factor 1. This hormone causes muscle cells to increase their uptake of glucose and amino acids from the bloodstream. Plasma urea nitrogen is a simple measure of the protein nutritional status of animals. If lean growth is stimulated, more feed protein is utilized and retained as body protein, reducing the amount of circulating plasma urea nitrogen. If an animal is stressed and is …
Administration Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin At Embryo Transfer Induced Ovulation Of A First-Wave Dominant Follicle And Increased Progesterone And Transfer Pregnancy Rates, L.D. Wallace, C.A. Breiner, A.R. Spell, J.A. Carter, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Ryan M. Breiner
Administration Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin At Embryo Transfer Induced Ovulation Of A First-Wave Dominant Follicle And Increased Progesterone And Transfer Pregnancy Rates, L.D. Wallace, C.A. Breiner, A.R. Spell, J.A. Carter, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Embryo transfer (ET) has become more widespread in recent years as a way to improve cattle genetics. According to the annual statistical survey of the American Embryo Transfer Association, more than 200,000 fresh and frozen bovine embryos were transferred in 2008. But despite advancements in reproductive technologies that have occurred since ET was commercialized in the 1970s, industrywide pregnancy rates are only 62.4 and 56.9% for fresh and frozen-thawed ET, respectively. Using ET helps avoid problems from failed fertilization; however, fertilization failure has been characterized as a relatively unimportant factor of pregnancy loss. Approximately 10% of pregnancy failures resulted from …
Length Of Weaning Period But Not Timing Of Vaccination Affects Feedlot Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Fall-Weaned, Ranch-Direct Beef Calves, M.J. Macek, J.W. Iliff, Todd W. Schmidt, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson
Length Of Weaning Period But Not Timing Of Vaccination Affects Feedlot Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Fall-Weaned, Ranch-Direct Beef Calves, M.J. Macek, J.W. Iliff, Todd W. Schmidt, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Bovine respiratory disease decreases profitability associated with cattle feeding. The cost of respiratory disease includes death loss, expenses associated with treatment, and reduced growth performance. Respiratory disease also decreases carcass weights, USDA quality grade, and ribeye area of feedlot cattle. Decreased carcass weights, fat thickness, and ribeye area have been associated with treatment of apparent respiratory disease when compared to animals not treated, whereas reduced incidence of the disease resulted in improved carcass merit. Preshipment weaning and vaccination has been found not only to prepare calves for improved performance in feedlots, but also to reduce incidence and severity of respiratory …
Increasing Days On Feed For Heavy Short-Fed Yearling Stocker Cattle Improves Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James
Increasing Days On Feed For Heavy Short-Fed Yearling Stocker Cattle Improves Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
With increasing feed costs, producers may be able to utilize forage resources to help cattle gain weight before entering a high-concentrate finishing phase. In theory, heavy stocker cattle need less time on feed before slaughter compared to lighter weight cattle; however, research determining the impact of a short feeding system on product quality is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a shortened, high-concentrate feeding period on carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of heavy yearling stocker cattle.
Tenderness And Intramuscular Lipid Of Most Major Muscles From Bos Indicus Cattle Are Less Than Bos Taurus Cattle, C.M. Highfill, O.E. Font, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman
Tenderness And Intramuscular Lipid Of Most Major Muscles From Bos Indicus Cattle Are Less Than Bos Taurus Cattle, C.M. Highfill, O.E. Font, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In semitropical climates in the United States, Bos indicus breeds of cattle, primarily the Brahman breed, are utilized in crossbreeding programs with Bos taurus cattle to improve productivity by increasing disease and insect resistance, heat tolerance, heterosis, and additive genetic variation. About 25% of the U.S. beef population contains some Bos indicus breeding. Numerous published reports show that tenderness of ribeye and strip loin steaks and marbling are significantly reduced in Bos indicus straightbred or crossbred cattle compared to most Bos taurus breeds. One very large study reported that heritability of tenderness and marbling is around 0.4, making it a …
Reproduction Of Heifers Sired By High Or Low Residual Feed Intake Angus Bulls, E. Blair, Daniel W. Moser, T.T. Marston, Jennifer Bormann
Reproduction Of Heifers Sired By High Or Low Residual Feed Intake Angus Bulls, E. Blair, Daniel W. Moser, T.T. Marston, Jennifer Bormann
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Residual feed intake (RFI) has gained popularity as a selection tool for improving feed efficiency in beef cattle. RFI is the difference between what an animal consumes and what it is predicted to consume based on size and growth rate. Animals with low or negative RFI eat less than predicted and are more efficient. Although RFI is being used by the industry, research on the impact of selection for RFI on female fertility is lacking. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reproductive performance of heifers that have been selected for RFI.
Is Gnrh Necessary At Cidr Insertion Using A 7-Day Cidr Synchronization Protocol For Beef Heifers?, D.R. Eborn, E.E. Blair, David M. Grieger
Is Gnrh Necessary At Cidr Insertion Using A 7-Day Cidr Synchronization Protocol For Beef Heifers?, D.R. Eborn, E.E. Blair, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The EAZI-BREED CIDR is commonly used in estrous synchronization protocols for both beef heifers and cows. The label calls for insertion of a progesterone-impregnated controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 7 consecutive days with an injection of prostaglandin F2αgiven a day before CIDR removal. Animals should display estrus 1 to 3 days after CIDR removal. Modifications to this protocol include administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the time of CIDR insertion and administration of the prostaglandin injection at the time of CIDR removal on day 7. Use of GnRH in conjunction with a CIDR may improve estrous synchronization in beef …
Marination Technique Influences Whole Muscle Beef Jerky Salt Content And Flavor Intensity, G.R. Skaar, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle
Marination Technique Influences Whole Muscle Beef Jerky Salt Content And Flavor Intensity, G.R. Skaar, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beef jerky is a popular meat snack that is simple to recognize and define. The USDA Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book (FSLPB) allows labeling use of the title "jerky" to a product that has been dried to a moisture-to-protein ratio (MPR) of 0.75:1.0 or less, and states the species or kind (such as beef, pork, or venison) in the name. As long as the product is dried to the required MPR and the species of origin is noted, all additional ingredients used, spice applications, and processing procedures are open for interpretation and application. The USDA FSLPB goes on to …
Export Sales Of U.S. Beef Semen Increased Faster Than Domestic Semen Sales, Sandra K. Johnson, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter
Export Sales Of U.S. Beef Semen Increased Faster Than Domestic Semen Sales, Sandra K. Johnson, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The use of artificial insemination (AI) in the dairy industry grew tremendously in the 1940s and has since become the industry norm. Adoption of AI in the beef industry has been much slower largely due to the more extensive nature of beef production systems. Improvements in protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation now allow beef producers to achieve high pregnancy rates to AI with no heat detection and value-driven marketing programs have provided more incentive for use of high-accuracy genetics. The 2007 USDA National Animal Health Monitoring Surveillance survey reports the proportion of beef operations that use AI is only …
Forage Selection Preferences Of Experienced Cows And Naïve Heifers Grazing Native Tallgrass Range During Winter, N.A. Aubel, L.N. Edwards, G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Dale A. Blasi, Leigh W. Murray
Forage Selection Preferences Of Experienced Cows And Naïve Heifers Grazing Native Tallgrass Range During Winter, N.A. Aubel, L.N. Edwards, G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Dale A. Blasi, Leigh W. Murray
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Estimating the nutritive value of a grazing animal's diet is a significant challenge. Description of the botanical composition of a grazed diet is vital in that regard. Microhistological analysis of fecal material has been used for estimating the botanical composition of wild and domestic ungulate diets since first described by Baumgartner and Martin in 1939. Little research has been conducted on the diet selection preferences of multiparous beef cows compared to primiparous beef cows. We hypothesized that foraging strategies change as cows age. To that end, our objective was to characterize differences in diet selection between experienced multiparous and naïve …
Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles To Heavy Yearling Stocker Cattle Grazing Native Tallgrass Pastures During Late Summer And Fall Improves Animal Performance And Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James
Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles To Heavy Yearling Stocker Cattle Grazing Native Tallgrass Pastures During Late Summer And Fall Improves Animal Performance And Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Grazing stocker cattle on low-quality forages is a common practice in Kansas; however, animal performance typically is modest. Due to the increasing availability of ethanol co-products, producers may be able to use dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a protein source to help increase body weight of stocker cattle grazing native tallgrass pastures during the late summer and fall. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of feeding DDGS to heavy stocker cattle during late summer and fall and to document its effects on animal performance and subsequent carcass characteristics.
Relationship Between Ultrasonically Measured Beef Cow Carcass Traits And Lifetime Productivity, L.A. Pacheco, John R. Jaeger, Jennifer Bormann, K. C. Olson
Relationship Between Ultrasonically Measured Beef Cow Carcass Traits And Lifetime Productivity, L.A. Pacheco, John R. Jaeger, Jennifer Bormann, K. C. Olson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ultrasound is widely used in seed stock production, commercial operations, and in feed yards to predict carcass merit. It also has been used to assess the value of individuals as parents in the seed stock industry. Ultrasound has several advantages as a technique to evaluate body composition: it is relatively inexpensive; it produces results more rapidly compared to progeny testing programs; and data are less prone to selection bias than direct carcass data collection. Ultrasound measures of ribeye area and proportion of intramuscular fat are accurate predictors of their corresponding carcass traits in fed slaughter cattle. Thus, average heritability estimates …
Zilpaterol-Hcl Reduces Urinary Excretion Of N-Tau-Methylhistidine By Finishing Steers, D.W. Brake, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Zilpaterol-Hcl Reduces Urinary Excretion Of N-Tau-Methylhistidine By Finishing Steers, D.W. Brake, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Zilpaterol-HCl is an orally active b-adrenergic agonist that repartitions nutrient use in cattle and has been approved for use during the final 20 to 40 days of the finishing period. Zilpaterol administration to finishing cattle increases average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, and dressing percentage; however, zilpaterol decreases meat tenderness, which is detectable by sensory panelists. Attenuation of zilpaterol's effect on tenderness would improve its benefits to cattle producers. Decreases in tenderness of meat from cattle fed zilpaterol may be closely related to decreases in protein degradation in skeletal muscles. Urinary excretion of N-tau-methylhistidine (NMH) in …
Dietary Sulfur Concentration Has No Effect On In Vitro Fermentative Activity Of Ruminal Mixed Microorganisms, S. Uwituze, Larry C. Hollis, James S. Drouillard
Dietary Sulfur Concentration Has No Effect On In Vitro Fermentative Activity Of Ruminal Mixed Microorganisms, S. Uwituze, Larry C. Hollis, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We previously reported that elevated concentrations of dietary sulfur (0.65% sulfur, dry basis) in finishing diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles decreased dry matter intake and average daily gains of feedlot cattle. Furthermore, high dietary sulfur concentrations yielded lower ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids, but were associated with increased ruminal ammonia concentrations and improved total tract digestibility of the diet. The objective of this study was to investigate, in culture tubes, effects of added sulfur on in vitro dry matter disappearance, volatile fatty acid profiles, and ammonia concentrations from substrates containing different sulfur concentrations when fermented by mixed …
Voluntary Intake Of Prairie Hay Contaminated With Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) By Beef Cows, G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger
Voluntary Intake Of Prairie Hay Contaminated With Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) By Beef Cows, G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is a noxious weed that infests approximately 600,000 acres of native tallgrass range in the Kansas Flint Hills. Intake of sericea lespedeza by grazing beef cattle is poor due to the presence of condensed tannins in the plant. Condensed tannins reduce protein digestion by beef cattle and may decrease plant palatability because of their astringence. Prolific seed production, in combination with little or no grazing pressure, has contributed to the rapid spread of sericea lespedeza in the Flint Hills. Increasing grazing pressure on sericea lespedeza may reduce seed production and slow its invasion; however, the difficulties …
Optimizing A New 5-Day Cidr-Co-Synch Timed Artificial Insemination Program, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Stephanie Leeann Pulley, H.I. Mellieon, K. C. Olson, Sandra K. Johnson, David M. Grieger, John R. Jaeger, Ryan M. Breiner
Optimizing A New 5-Day Cidr-Co-Synch Timed Artificial Insemination Program, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Stephanie Leeann Pulley, H.I. Mellieon, K. C. Olson, Sandra K. Johnson, David M. Grieger, John R. Jaeger, Ryan M. Breiner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol is a popular ovulation-synchronization program used by cow-calf producers to facilitate artificial insemination (AI). A progesterone- impregnated controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert is placed intravaginally and an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is given. After 7 days, prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) is administered and the CIDR insert is removed. Between 58 and 72 hours after insert removal, cows are inseminated after another injection of GnRH to induce ovulation. Timed AI pregnancy rates generally have ranged from 40 to 60% when suckled cows are treated with the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol.
Grazing Wheat Did Not Reduce Beef Cow Pregnancy Rates, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney
Grazing Wheat Did Not Reduce Beef Cow Pregnancy Rates, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beef producers can lower feed costs by extending the grazing period and reducing the need for harvested forages. Complementary forage systems extend the native range grazing season; wheat pasture is common in the southern portion of the High Plains. Anecdotal reports have been made concerning lowered fertility in beef cows bred on lush forage such as wheat pasture; however, ruling out other possible causes of low fertility is difficult. In lactating dairy cows, fertility is lower during consumption of high-protein diets that result in high blood urea nitrogen content. Lower uterine pH that in turn affects embryo survival is thought …
Sun-Curing And Harvest Maturity Impacts Concentration And Protein-Binding Capacity Of Condensed Tannins In Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata), G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger
Sun-Curing And Harvest Maturity Impacts Concentration And Protein-Binding Capacity Of Condensed Tannins In Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata), G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is a noxious weed that infests approximately 600,000 acres of native tallgrass range in Kansas. Intake of sericea lespedeza by grazing livestock is poor, presumably as a result of the plant's tannins. Condensed tannins reduce protein digestion by ruminants and may also decrease plant palatability.
Effects Of Prepartum Ruminally Protected Choline Supplementation On Performance Of Beef Cows And Calves, L.A. Pacheco, L.R. Hibbard, M.J. Macek, N.A. Sproul, G.J. Eckerle, E.A. Bailey, J.W. Bolte, John R. Jaeger, K. C. Olson
Effects Of Prepartum Ruminally Protected Choline Supplementation On Performance Of Beef Cows And Calves, L.A. Pacheco, L.R. Hibbard, M.J. Macek, N.A. Sproul, G.J. Eckerle, E.A. Bailey, J.W. Bolte, John R. Jaeger, K. C. Olson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Prepartum supplementation of spring-calving beef cows is a vital part of cow-calf enterprises, often affecting subsequent reproductive success. Most research in the area of prepartum supplementation has focused on provision of either energy or protein; only modest attention has been given to the use of supplemental micronutrients. One such micronutrient is choline. Choline is classified generally as a B vitamin and is an essential nutrient. Phosphatidylcholine and other choline-containing lipids maintain the structural integrity of cellular membranes and play a vital role in metabolism of dietary fat. Choline-containing phospholipids are also important precursors for intracellular-messenger molecules and cell-signaling molecules critical …