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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

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Massard Prairie Restoration And Soil Microbiome Succession, Jeffrey M. Shaver, Emily S. Bellis, Chizuko Iwaki, Jake Qualls, Jay Randolph, Jeremiah Smith Jan 2020

Massard Prairie Restoration And Soil Microbiome Succession, Jeffrey M. Shaver, Emily S. Bellis, Chizuko Iwaki, Jake Qualls, Jay Randolph, Jeremiah Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We have initially sequenced soil microbial DNA from 4 restored and 4 virgin tallgrass prairie soil samples from Ben Geren Park and Massard Prairie (Fort Smith, AR), respectively. As expected, the soil microbiomes are distinct, with several lineages of nitrogen-fixing bacteria more common in virgin tall grass prairie. However, we predict that as restoration of tallgrass prairie in Ben Geren Park progresses, the soil microbiome of restored prairie will more closely mirror those of the virgin prairie.

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Clinostomum Marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) From Fishes Of Crooked Creek, Boone And Marion Counties, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Henry W. Robison Jan 2020

Clinostomum Marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) From Fishes Of Crooked Creek, Boone And Marion Counties, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Crooked Creek is a renowned trophy (blue ribbon) Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) fishing stream. This fish, however, has been previously reported to commonly harbor some of the highest population densities of the digenean trematode parasite, Clinostomum marginatum, otherwise known as “yellow grub”. The parasite infects the orobranchial cavity, gills, and peritoneal cavity of Smallmouth Bass. Historical studies on this fish over the last 3 decades or more from various sites on the creek have shown that M. dolomieu also have high mean abundances but fish from upstream sites had lower prevalence than those collected from downstream sites. …

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Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2020, C. Renn Tumlison, Matt Connior, Blake Sasse, Henry Robison, Stan Trauth, S Higdon, L Baer, Z. Baer, R. Stinson, D. Carson, T. Inebnit, L. Lewis, Roger Perry, Ron Redman Jan 2020

Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2020, C. Renn Tumlison, Matt Connior, Blake Sasse, Henry Robison, Stan Trauth, S Higdon, L Baer, Z. Baer, R. Stinson, D. Carson, T. Inebnit, L. Lewis, Roger Perry, Ron Redman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Smaller details of natural history often go undocumented to science if those details are not parts of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution and reproduction of fishes and mammals. Included are new distributional records of mammals, and observations of reproduction in several mammals for which few data exist in Arkansas. A rare record of the Long-tailed weasel, a special of special concern in Arkansas, is documented from Newton Co. We also provide evidence that Seminole bats likely reproduce in …

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Hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma) Of Green Frogs, Rana Clamitans (Anura: Ranidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Ryan P. Shannon, Thomas J. Fayton, Henry W. Robison Jan 2020

Hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma) Of Green Frogs, Rana Clamitans (Anura: Ranidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Ryan P. Shannon, Thomas J. Fayton, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The green frog, Rana clamitans, has been reported as a host of several hemoparasites, including trypanosomes and Hepatozoon spp. In Arkansas, however, there are no reports of any hemoparasites in R. clamitans nor from any other anuran from the state. We collected 9 green frogs from Polk County and blood was taken from their facial musculocutaneous vein in heparinized capillary tubes. Thin blood smears were also made and stained with DipQuick stain. Seven out of 9 (78%) R. clamitans were infected with hematozoans. Three (33%) were infected with an unknown species of Hepatozoon and 4 (44%) were infected with …

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First Record And Notes On The Ecology Of The Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris Maculata) In Arkansas, Matthew B. Connior, Kory G. Roberts Jan 2020

First Record And Notes On The Ecology Of The Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris Maculata) In Arkansas, Matthew B. Connior, Kory G. Roberts

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We report a new state record for Pseudacris maculata from Arkansas. Furthermore, we conducted an ecological study from this population of P. maculata from Benton County. We found this population was primarily breeding during February and March. We also report limited findings on their reproduction, diet, and parasites.

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Observations Of Undescribed Diel Activity In The Wolf Spider Rabidosa Rabida Show Cathemeral Behavior, Ryan Stork, Payton Smith, Steve Cooper Jan 2020

Observations Of Undescribed Diel Activity In The Wolf Spider Rabidosa Rabida Show Cathemeral Behavior, Ryan Stork, Payton Smith, Steve Cooper

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

This note provides a first clear description of diel timing of some important behaviors in the ecologically important wolf spider, Rabidosa rabida.

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Helminth Parasites Of Eastern Screech Owl, Megascops Asio (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Henry W. Robison Jan 2020

Helminth Parasites Of Eastern Screech Owl, Megascops Asio (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The eastern screech owl (Megascops asio) is a small owl that is relatively common in eastern North America. Nothing is known of the parasites of this owl in Arkansas. Here, we document 3 helminths from a single injured M. asio that subsequently died and was donated by a rehabilitation center for parasitic examination. Found were 2 digenetic trematodes, Brachylaima mcintoshi and Neodiplostomumamericanum, and a habronematid nematode, Excisa excisiformis. The former trematode represents a new host record for M. asio, and B. mcintoshi and E. excisiformis are reported from Arkansas for the first time.

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Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo Lineatus) Predation On North American Racer (Coluber Constrictor) In The Arkansas Ozarks, Gary R. Graves Jan 2020

Red-Shouldered Hawk (Buteo Lineatus) Predation On North American Racer (Coluber Constrictor) In The Arkansas Ozarks, Gary R. Graves

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) predation on North American Racer (Coluber constrictor) in the Arkansas Ozarks

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Regional Variation In Ventral Body Color And Pattern In The Western Ratsnake, Pantherophis Obsoletus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 2020

Regional Variation In Ventral Body Color And Pattern In The Western Ratsnake, Pantherophis Obsoletus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pantherophis obsoletus, the Western Ratsnake (a.k.a., black ratsnake or chicken snake), is a large colubrid species widely distributed throughout the central and southcentral United States west of the Mississippi River (Powell et al. 2016). This species has received considerable attention with its early taxonomic history found in Neill (1949) and Dowling (1952) and its current phylogeographic status examined by Burbrink et al. (2000), Burbrink (2001), and Gibbs et al. (2006). Dorsal body color and pattern played an important role in resolving the early taxonomic issues within this ratsnake species complex, whereas mtDNA was utilized in the more recent phylogeographic analyses …

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Distribution And Reproduction By The Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio Martinica) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Terry L. Tumlison, Tamzen T. Bryant Jan 2020

Distribution And Reproduction By The Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio Martinica) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Terry L. Tumlison, Tamzen T. Bryant

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) is a rare bird in Arkansas, and its populations likely have declined due to loss of marshy areas with emergent vegetation. By use of online sources for citizen science combined with a field study, we elucidate the current distribution of this bird in Arkansas, and document characteristics of reproduction and development. Purple Gallinules arrive in Arkansas as early as April and remain to late October. Nesting occurs from early May into July, and nests may represent second broods. Ontogenetic changes in hatchlings are described.

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Helminth Parasites Of The Golden Topminnow, Fundulus Chrysotus (Cyprinidontiformes: Fundulidae) From Desha County, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Thomas J. Fayton, Henry W. Robison, Stanley E. Trauth, Donald G. Cloutman Jan 2020

Helminth Parasites Of The Golden Topminnow, Fundulus Chrysotus (Cyprinidontiformes: Fundulidae) From Desha County, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Thomas J. Fayton, Henry W. Robison, Stanley E. Trauth, Donald G. Cloutman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During July 2019, 21 Golden Topminnows (Fundulus chrysotus) were collected from an oxbow lake in McGehee, Desha County, Arkansas, and examined for parasites. Found were 4 taxa of endoparasites, including 3 digeneans (Clinostomum marginatum, Homalometron sp., and Posthodiplostomum minimum) and a nematode (Spiroxys contortus). We document a new host record for S. contortus and the first report of parasites in F. chrysotus from the lower Mississippi River Drainage.

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Ecto- And Endoparasites Of The Texas Deermouse, Peromyscus Attwateri And Eastern Woodrat, Neotoma Floridana (Rodentia: Cricetidae) From Polk County, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A, Durden, John A. Hnida, Henry W. Robison Jan 2020

Ecto- And Endoparasites Of The Texas Deermouse, Peromyscus Attwateri And Eastern Woodrat, Neotoma Floridana (Rodentia: Cricetidae) From Polk County, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A, Durden, John A. Hnida, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In Arkansas, the Texas deermouse (Peromyscus attwateri) occurs in the western part of the state where it is restricted to the uplands of the Interior Highlands. The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) is found statewide but is less common in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Very little is known about the parasites of either rodent in Arkansas, especially helminths from P. attwateri at any locality within its range. Found in/on P. attwateri were a coccidian (Eimeria langbarteli), a tapeworm (Catenotaenia peromysci), a nematode (Syphacia peromysci), 2 ticks (Dermacenter variabilis and Ixodes …

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New County Records Of Three Baptisia Species In Arkansas, With An Updated Distribution Map, Leah C. Crenshaw, Caralee A. Shepard, Natalie E. Phelan, Maureen R. Mcclung, Matthew D. Moran Jan 2020

New County Records Of Three Baptisia Species In Arkansas, With An Updated Distribution Map, Leah C. Crenshaw, Caralee A. Shepard, Natalie E. Phelan, Maureen R. Mcclung, Matthew D. Moran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

New county records of three Baptisia species are reported in Arkansas, together with an updated distribution map.

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Distal Urogenital Anatomy Of Male Prairie Racerunners, Aspidoscelis Sexlineatus Viridis (Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae), Stanley E. Trauth Jan 2020

Distal Urogenital Anatomy Of Male Prairie Racerunners, Aspidoscelis Sexlineatus Viridis (Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae), Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

I examined histologically the distal urogenital anatomy in male Prairie Racerunners (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis) from a small seasonal sample of individuals collected in Arkansas in order to provide additional information regarding squamate urogenital anatomy. Specifically, I focused on the basic anatomy and positioning of posterior ducts and associated structures in this teiid lizard. The anatomical structures included the ductus deferens, ampulla ductus deferens, ampulla urogenital papilla (Aup), ureter, inner core tissue mass, urodaeum, and the urogenital papilla. The two Aup, which are small complimentary blind pouches representing the terminal repositories for products released by urogenital ducts, are striking …

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Energy Content Of Seeds Of Common Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, John L. Hunt, Matthew E. Grilliot, Troy L. Best, Dixie Lozano-Lopez, Emily R. Neilson, Isaac C. Castillo Jan 2020

Energy Content Of Seeds Of Common Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, John L. Hunt, Matthew E. Grilliot, Troy L. Best, Dixie Lozano-Lopez, Emily R. Neilson, Isaac C. Castillo

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We analyzed the energy content of seeds of common sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) obtained from the crops of scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected from plains-mesa sand-scrub habitat in Eddy and Lea counties, New Mexico. Seeds were removed from crops and dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and to standardize masses. Seeds were then analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of seeds of common sunflowers from New Mexico was greater than that of many seeds previously reported from the diet of scaled quail and other granivorous …

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Table Of Contents, Academy Editors Jan 2020

Table Of Contents, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Instructions To Authors, Academy Editors Jan 2020

Instructions To Authors, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science - Volume 74, 2020, Academy Editors Jan 2020

Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science - Volume 74, 2020, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Business Meeting Report (Secretary's And Treasurer's Report), Academy Editors Jan 2020

Business Meeting Report (Secretary's And Treasurer's Report), Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Recruitment To Editorial Positions, Academy Editors Jan 2020

Recruitment To Editorial Positions, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Cotylogaster Occidentalis (Aspidogastrea: Aspidogastridae) From Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus Grunniens (Actinopterygii: Sciaenidae), In Northeastern Oklahoma, Chris T. Mcallister, Anindo Choudhury Jan 2019

Cotylogaster Occidentalis (Aspidogastrea: Aspidogastridae) From Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus Grunniens (Actinopterygii: Sciaenidae), In Northeastern Oklahoma, Chris T. Mcallister, Anindo Choudhury

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Parasites (Trematoda, Nematoda, Phthiraptera) Of Two Arkansas Raptors (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae; Strigiformes: Strigidae), Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A. Durden, Charles R. Bursey, John A. Hnida, Vasyl V. Tkach, Tyler J. Achatz Jan 2019

Parasites (Trematoda, Nematoda, Phthiraptera) Of Two Arkansas Raptors (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae; Strigiformes: Strigidae), Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A. Durden, Charles R. Bursey, John A. Hnida, Vasyl V. Tkach, Tyler J. Achatz

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Very little is known about the helminth parasites of hawks and owls of Arkansas. We had the opportunity to salvage 2 road-killed raptors, a red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) and a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) from the state and examine them for ecto- and endoparasites. Found were chewing lice (Degeeriella fulva) and a nematode (Porrocaecum angusticolle) on/in B. lineatus, and 3 digenean trematodes (Echinoparyphium sp., Strigea elegans, Neodiplostomum americanum), and nematode eggs (Capillaria sp.) in B. virginianus. We document 6 new distributional records for these parasites.

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Age Estimation Using Phalangeal Skeletochronology In Northern Crawfish Frogs, Lithobates Areolatus Circulosus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Christopher S. Thigpen Jan 2019

Age Estimation Using Phalangeal Skeletochronology In Northern Crawfish Frogs, Lithobates Areolatus Circulosus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Christopher S. Thigpen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

As an obligate crayfish burrow dweller, crawfish frogs have historically occupied a relatively narrow ecological niche throughout their distribution in the tall grass prairies and grasslands of the central and south-central United States. In Arkansas, the Northern Crawfish Frog, Lithobates areolatus circulosus, occurs in only 19 of its 75 counties. Because of their secretive nature, late winter-early spring breeding season, and current protected status by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, this species remains a rarity in most museum collections in the state. Moreover, only anecdotal information exits regarding any aspect of their natural history in Arkansas. In the …

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Plains Spotted Skunk Pelt Purchase Trends In The Ozarks And Ouachitas, 1943-1990, D. Blake Sasse Jan 2019

Plains Spotted Skunk Pelt Purchase Trends In The Ozarks And Ouachitas, 1943-1990, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Plains spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius interrupta) is a small carnivore that has experienced population declines across much of its range and is currently being considered for listing as an endangered species. I utilized harvest data on pelts from the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas and the Ouachita mountains in Arkansas that were purchased by fur dealers from 1943-1990 to examine trends in harvest levels over time. Purchases in all three regions declined in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but purchases in the Arkansas returned to near or at historic levels in the early 1960s and the …

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De Novo Development And Characterization Of Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci Markers From A Southeastern Population Of The House Finch (Haemorhous Mexicanus), Edgar E. Sanchez, J Dylan Maddox, Douglas G. Barron Jan 2019

De Novo Development And Characterization Of Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci Markers From A Southeastern Population Of The House Finch (Haemorhous Mexicanus), Edgar E. Sanchez, J Dylan Maddox, Douglas G. Barron

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Microsatellites are short tandem repeats (e.g. TAGATAGA) of base pairs in a species’ genome. High mutation rates in these regions produce variation in the number of repeats across individuals that can be utilized to study patterns of population- and landscape-level genetics and to determine parentage genetically. In this project our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for the House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus. This species has become one of the most well-studied species of songbirds due to its unique geographical, evolutionary, and epidemiological history. Using mist-nets we captured birds on the Arkansas Tech University campus and collected blood samples to …

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Occurrence Of The Sinus Nematode Skrjabingylus Sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) Inferred From Sinus Lesions In Arkansas Mustelidae And Mephitidae, With Review Of Relevant Literature, C. Renn Tumlison, Terry Tumlison Jan 2019

Occurrence Of The Sinus Nematode Skrjabingylus Sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) Inferred From Sinus Lesions In Arkansas Mustelidae And Mephitidae, With Review Of Relevant Literature, C. Renn Tumlison, Terry Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Nasal nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus occur in the mammalian families Mustelidae and Mephitidae, and have been found from Canada to Costa Rica. Ingestion of infected snails, frogs, snakes, or mice can lead to infection of these mammalian hosts. Infection often causes pathology to bones in the sinus region, which may lead to discoloration, enlargement, and fenestrations of the bone. Examination of museum specimens for bone lesions or other evidence of infection has been used to evidence prior infection, but prevalence and intensity cannot be interpreted without actually recovering the parasite. We examined Mustelids and Mephitids in collections of mammals …

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Bilateral Diaphyseal Chondrodysplasia And Polymorphic Osteodysplasia Of The Tibiofibulas In A Southern Leopard Frog, Lithobates Sphenocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), Stanley E. Trauth, Malcolm L, Mccallum Jan 2019

Bilateral Diaphyseal Chondrodysplasia And Polymorphic Osteodysplasia Of The Tibiofibulas In A Southern Leopard Frog, Lithobates Sphenocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), Stanley E. Trauth, Malcolm L, Mccallum

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Much attention has been focused on limb malformations in anurans following the startling discovery of major limb deformities in Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) in Minnesota in 1995. The numerous causes for these malformations can be attributed to a number of natural phenomena, or they can be considered as being manmade. In the present study, we report on a previously undescribed type of limb abnormality in a single individual of the Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) from Arkansas. Histological examination of left tibiofibula revealed a complete disruption of the normal diaphyseal bone structure in this adult …

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Photographic Record Of A Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx Californianus) From Drew County, Arkansas, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims Jan 2019

Photographic Record Of A Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx Californianus) From Drew County, Arkansas, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Proteomics Of Carbon Fixation Energy Sources In Halothiobacillus Neapolitanus, Jonathan Hunter, Maria Marasco, Ilerioluwa Sowande, Newton P. Hilliard Jr. Jan 2019

Proteomics Of Carbon Fixation Energy Sources In Halothiobacillus Neapolitanus, Jonathan Hunter, Maria Marasco, Ilerioluwa Sowande, Newton P. Hilliard Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Through the use of proteomics, it was uncovered that the autotrophic, aerobic purple sulfur bacterium Halothiobacillus neapolitanus displays changes in cellular levels of portions of its carbon dioxide uptake and fixation mechanisms upon switch from bicarbonate to CO2(g) as carbon source. This includes an increase in level of a heterodimeric bicarbonate transporter along with a potential switch between form I and form II of RubisCO. Additional changes are seen in several sulfur oxidation pathways, which may indicate a link between sulfur oxidation pathways as an energy source and carbon uptake/fixation mechanisms.

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Distribution, Habitat, And Life History Aspects Of The Dwarf Crayfishes Of The Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Chris T. Mcallister Jan 2019

Distribution, Habitat, And Life History Aspects Of The Dwarf Crayfishes Of The Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, Chris T. Mcallister

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The dwarf crayfishes of the genus Cambarellus are represented in Arkansas by only 2 species: Cambarellus (Pandicambarus) puer (Hobbs) and C. (P.) shufeldtii (Faxon). Both species are quite small and uncommonly encountered in the state. Between 1972 and 2018, we made 368 crayfish collections throughout the 75 counties of Arkansas. A total of 34 collections (our collections, plus museum specimens), and those previously collected by Reimer (1963) yielded a total of 304 specimens of C. puer and 12 collections of C. shufeldtii returned 54 specimens of C. shufeldtiii. Herein, we document these …

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