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Kansas State University Libraries

1998

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Articles 31 - 60 of 113

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

K-State Turfgrass Research 1998, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 1998

K-State Turfgrass Research 1998, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1997 was a successful research year. Not only were numerous studies initiated and completed, as evidenced by the work reported herein, but we were also successful in obtaining funding for future work. K-State received four grants from the United States Golf Association in 1997. Dr. Bingru Huang got funding for at least 1 year to work on managing creeping bentgrass through our summer stress periods. Dr. Ned Tisserat received funding for a 3-year project on the biology and management of spring dead spot in bermudagrass. Two projects also were funded in Civil Engineering and Agronomy that involve environmental studies related …

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Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay, J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi Jan 1998

Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay, J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native grass hay meadows in three Kansas Flint Hills counties were sampled at 2-week intervals during the growing season to determine the effect of harvest date on forage quality. Each sample was analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and phosphorus (PHOS). CP and PHOS contents declined, and ADF increased as harvest date progressed into the growing season. Both CP and ADF were related highly to harvest date. PHOS content was associated only moderately with harvest date. Harvest date of native grass hay can significantly influence supplemental protein needs for beef cows.

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Site Of Semen Deposition And Fertility In Lactating Beef Cows Synchronized With Gnrh And Pgf2Α, G.C. Lamb, K. E. Thompson, K. Anderson, David M. Grieger, Timothy G. Rozell, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1998

Site Of Semen Deposition And Fertility In Lactating Beef Cows Synchronized With Gnrh And Pgf2Α, G.C. Lamb, K. E. Thompson, K. Anderson, David M. Grieger, Timothy G. Rozell, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine the effect of site of semen deposition on pregnancy rate in beef cows inseminated at a fixed time or after observed estrus. Cows were synchronized with a combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) prostaglandin-F α (PGF). GnRH was injected 7 days before PGF (day 0; first of breeding season). The trial was conducted at two locations, one in Kansas (147 cows) and one in Colorado (313 cows). At each location, cows were assigned to be inseminated after observed estrus (ESTRUS-AI) or at a fixed time (TIMED-AI). Within these two groups, cows either were inseminated in the …

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Liver Abscesses, K.F. Lechtenberg, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa Jan 1998

Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Liver Abscesses, K.F. Lechtenberg, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of thirty-seven isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum (21 biotype A and 16 biotype B) from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle were determined. These isolates were generally susceptible to penicillins, tetracyclines (chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin), and macrolides (tylosin and erythromycin) but resistant to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin and streptomycin), ionophores(except narasin), and peptides (avoparcin, polymixin, and thiopeptin). Differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns were observed between the two biotypes only for clindamycin and lincomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of FDA-approved antibiotics for liver abscess control did not parallel their efficacy in preventing clinical liver abscesses in …

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Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas, J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays Jan 1998

Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas, J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fecal samples from cows and calves and samples of water sources were collected monthly for 8 months from 10 Kansas cow-calf farms to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. The bacterium was found in 8% of fecal samples from cows that were within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of fecal samples from cows which were not within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of calf fecal samples, and 1.5% of water samples. E. coli O157:H7 was identified from at least one sample on all farms.

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Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers, D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers, D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 120-day finishing study utilizing 318 heifers (753 lb initial body weight) examined the effects of ruminally protected choline in diets with no tallow or 2 or 4% of supplemental tallow. Heifers were fed a finishing diet based on a mix of steam-flaked and dry- rolled corn; encapsulated choline (20, 40, or 60 g/head/day, supplying 5, 10 or 15 g choline/head/day) was top-dressed to the diet or not added. Dry matter intake decreased linearly with inclusion of fat (P<.05) but was not affected significantly by addition of choline. Daily gains also decreased linearly (P<.05) with fat addition. Choline supplementation increased gain (linear, P<.1; qua dratic, P<.05), with the greatest increase occurring for the first 20 g increment encapsulated choline/day. Likewise, feed efficiency improved (P<.1) with supplemental choline. Again, the greatest response occurred for the first 20 g/day. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat and yield grade both increased linearly (P<.1) with fat supplementation. The percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice decreased (linear, P<.05; quadratic, P<.1) when choline was added at 60 g/day. Hot carcass weight, marbling, dressing percent, and 12th rib fat thickness were not affected significantly by either fat or choline. Ruminally protected choline can improve average daily gain and feed efficiency of finishing cattle.

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Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants, P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus Jan 1998

Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants, P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten pound chubs of coarsely ground beef of two different lean:fat specifications (73:27 and 81:19) were stored at three temperatures (34, 38 or 45 ÌŠF) to monitor the effects of storage temperature on microbial condition of the product. Ground beef from four U.S. plants was tested (2 trials each), and microbial analyses were conducted on storage days 0, 6, 10, 14, and 18 using seven different media to estimate counts of total aerobic and anaerobic, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial counts for a given culture medium were similar among plants and meat types. At day 10, total …

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Molasses-Fat Blend As An Energy Source And Conditioning Agent In Feedlot Diets, A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Molasses-Fat Blend As An Energy Source And Conditioning Agent In Feedlot Diets, A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two yearling crossbred steers were used in an individual feeding trial to evaluate the effects of adding a molasses-fat blend (Synergy® 19/14; Cargill Molasses Liquid Products) to diets at 6 or 12% (dry basis) on growth performance, carcass traits, and feed intake behavior. Dry-rolled corn was processed to a mean geometric particle size of either 2,000 or 3,800 microns. Adding the liquid supplement at 6% to the coarse-rolled finishing ration improved gain (P<.1) and feed efficiency (P<.1). Incorporation of Synergy 19/14 into feedlot rations may help reduce fluctuations in feed intake.

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Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1998

Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interviews were conducted with cattle feeders, beef packers, and others involved in the beef industry to discern their concerns about fed-cattle price discovery. Three issues predominated. First was the need to better identify beef quality, ideally by objective means. Quality often, but not always, referred to tenderness and the "eating experience" of consumers. Second was the need for greater pricing accuracy, signaling a desire for less average pricing and more value-based pricing. The need for improved market information was the third issue identified.

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Effects Of Revalor-G®, Ralgro®, And Synovex-H® On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated Rye Pasture, Gerry L. Kuhl, Dale A. Blasi Jan 1998

Effects Of Revalor-G®, Ralgro®, And Synovex-H® On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated Rye Pasture, Gerry L. Kuhl, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 151-day field study was conducted to compare three anabolic implants for promoting weight gain in stocker heifers grazing center pivot-irrigated pastures of winter rye. Three hundred previously nonimplanted heifers averaging 421 lb were allotted to one of four treatments: 1) no implant-control (NC), 2) Ralgro® (RAL), 3) Revalor-G® (REV-G) and 4) Synovex-H® (SYN-H). Heifers were weighed at monthly intervals to evaluate the growth response curve of each implant type over time relative to controls. Only during the first 32-day period after implantation did heifers implanted with REV-G gain significantly faster (P<.05) than NC. All implant groups responded similarly (P>.05) during the next three monthly weigh periods. …

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Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Brome Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Brome Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of increasing levels of degradable intake and digestion of low-quality brome hay were evaluated using 16 ruminally fistulated beef steers. Trends were evident for small, positive changes in total intake and digestion with increasing level of DIP supplementation. As a result, total digestible to feeding forage to provide .041, .082, and OM intake (TDOMI) increased with DIP supplementation but tended to plateau below the highest supplementation level.

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Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Source On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1998

Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Source On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty ruminally fistulated steers were used in different two experiments to evaluate the effects of supplemental carbohydrate source (starch, glucose, fructose, or sucrose) fed at .3% BW/day on the utilization of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay. In Experiment 1, all supplemental carbohydrates were fed with a low level of supplemental degradable intake protein. In Experiment 2, the level of supplemental degradable intake protein was high. Intake of the tallgrass-prairie hay was not affected significantly by supplementation in either experiment, but as a result of the added carbohydrate, total intake was increased. When supplemental protein intake was inadequate, supplemental carbohydrates depressed digestion, but …

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Predicting Voluntary Forage Intake In Cattle, C.A. Bandyk, R.C. Cochran Jan 1998

Predicting Voluntary Forage Intake In Cattle, C.A. Bandyk, R.C. Cochran

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A large database was compiled of forage intake observations published during the past 20 years. Inputs included a wide range of factors believed to be related to voluntary intake. An analysis was designed to pinpoint which feed and animal characteristics were most valuable in predicting voluntary intake across a range of feeding situations and to compare the ability of different models to predict intake. Results emphasized the complexity of intake prediction. A wide range was evident in the variables included in the optimal models for predicting intake within different data subsets. In many cases, we observed that ratios between feed …

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Impact Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental High-Protein Soybean Meal On Performance Of Range Beef Cows, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, B.C. Woods, J.S. Heldt, K. C. Olson, David M. Grieger Jan 1998

Impact Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental High-Protein Soybean Meal On Performance Of Range Beef Cows, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, B.C. Woods, J.S. Heldt, K. C. Olson, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred and twenty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage were fed 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 lb soybean meal (SBM) per head daily. SBM as a source of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) can be effective in maintaining cow body weight and body condition during the winter grazing season. Performance as measured by changes in body weight and condition score was maximized when cows received approximately 3.5 to 3.8 lb/day. Below this level, cows lost about 48 lb (about .4 units of BCS) for every 1 lb decrease in the amount of …

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Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Bermuda Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Bermuda Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study with 16 ruminally fistulated beef steers fed Bermuda hay ad libitum showed that the intake and digestibility of hay was not influenced by increasing levels of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP). However, the hay used in this study was of medium quality; lower quality Bermuda hay with lower CP may respond to supplemental DIP.

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Milking Two Or Five Times Daily In The Presence Of A Cow’S Own Nonsuckling Calf Fails To Prolong Postpartum Anovulation, G.C. Lamb, K. E. Thompson, J.S. Heldt, C.A. Löest, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1998

Milking Two Or Five Times Daily In The Presence Of A Cow’S Own Nonsuckling Calf Fails To Prolong Postpartum Anovulation, G.C. Lamb, K. E. Thompson, J.S. Heldt, C.A. Löest, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three treatments were initiated at approximately 15 days after calving and continued for 4 weeks: 1) cows were suckled ad libitum by their calves (calf present [CP]); 2) calves were present but nonsuckling 24 hr/day and cows were milked twice daily (CR+2xM); 3) or same as CR+2xM but cows were milked five times daily (CR+5xM). Interval to the first postpartum ovulation was similar between CR+2xM and CR+5xM cows but about 2 weeks less than that in cows suckled ad libitum by their own calves. Cows in the CR+5xM treatment produced more milk than cows in the CR+2xM treatment, whereas only …

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Effects Of Base Ingredient In Cooked Molasses Blocks On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, R.H. Greenwood, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Effects Of Base Ingredient In Cooked Molasses Blocks On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, R.H. Greenwood, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Blocks based on cooked beet molasses, cane molasses, or concentrated separator by-product, CSB) were tested to compare their effects on intake and digestion of prairie hay by beef steers. All blocks contained at least 30% crude protein. Steers fed the cooked molasses blocks consumed and 22% more forage than control steers, but forage intakes were not different among the three different blocks. Intakes of digestible organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, indicators of energy available to the steers, were increased 38 and 29% respectively, by block supple-mentation but were not different among the three blocks. However, total tract organic matter …

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A Three-Year Economic Evaluation Of A Commercial Heifer Development Program, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Lynch, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah Jan 1998

A Three-Year Economic Evaluation Of A Commercial Heifer Development Program, G.C. Lamb, J.M. Lynch, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In 1994, 1995, and 1996, a commercial heifer development operation purchased a total of 1542 potential replacement heifers. Heifers were purchased in the fall proceeding the spring breeding season and fed a silage-based diet during the developmental period. Before the breeding season began, heifers that failed to meet minimum requirements for pelvic area, average daily gain, body weight, disposition, or structural soundness were culled. During the first year, 42% of 483 heifers were culled, 17% of 468 heifers were culled in the second year, and 14% of 591 heifers in the third year. Estrus was synchronized and heifers were inseminated …

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Characteristics Of Pelleted Wheat Middlings That Affect Summer Storage, Carl R. Reed, Dionisia M. Trigo-Stockli, Dale A. Blasi, Fred J. Fairchild Jan 1998

Characteristics Of Pelleted Wheat Middlings That Affect Summer Storage, Carl R. Reed, Dionisia M. Trigo-Stockli, Dale A. Blasi, Fred J. Fairchild

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pelleted wheat middlings samples were collected from four Kansas flour mills in March, April, and May, 1997 to characterize their moisture content and bulk density as they would be purchased directly from the mills by a livestock producer. The average moisture content of pelleted wheat middlings was 14% as they left the mills but declined during the spring to 13.6%. Pellets purchased from Kansas mills during the summer months are likely to contain 13.0 to 13.5% moisture. The average bulk density was approximately 40 lb/ft3 , which is equivalent to about 50 lb/bu. Based on the equilibrium moisture contents determined …

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Effects Of Various Carbohydrate Sources On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay In Continuous Culture, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1998

Effects Of Various Carbohydrate Sources On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay In Continuous Culture, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effects of supplemental carbohydrate sources on the utilization of low- quality forage in continuous "artificial rumen" culture. Providing readily digestible carbohydrates (starch, glucose, and fiber) did not improve total diet digestion. In fact, starch and glucose depressed fiber digestion. Response to other simple sugars was variable.

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Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle, Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa Jan 1998

Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle, Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

DNA finger printing (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis) was employed to genetically compare Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates of liver abscesses, ruminal wall, and ruminal contents from the same animal. Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from liver abscesses were genetically identical to the corresponding isolates from the ruminal wall in eight of nine animals tested. This genetic similarity between the isolates supports the hypothesis that F. necrophorum in liver abscesses originates from the ruminal wall.

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Effects Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental Soybean Meal On Intake And Digestibility Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson Jan 1998

Effects Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental Soybean Meal On Intake And Digestibility Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay, C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty ruminally fistulated beef steers free-choice access to prairie hay were used to evaluate the effect of increasing level of soybean meal (SBM) on forage intake and digestion. Forage intake, total organic matter intake, and organic matter digestion were enhanced with increasing level of SBM supplementation, although forage intake and digestion appeared to plateau at higher levels. The concomitant rises in intake and digestion as supplemental SBM increased resulted in an increase in total digestible organic matter intake, with the largest response to the initial increment of supplement.

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Effects Of Processing Whole-Plant Corn Silage On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Feedlot Cattle, T.J. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, G.L. Huck, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1998

Effects Of Processing Whole-Plant Corn Silage On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Feedlot Cattle, T.J. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, G.L. Huck, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixty crossbred heifers and 12 crossbred steers were used to evaluate the effects of mechanically processing (crushing the kernels of) whole-plant corn silage on feedlot performance and nutrient digestibility. The three treatments were: preensiled processed, postensiled processed, and nonprocessed corn silages. Heifers fed the processed corn silages grew faster and were more efficient than those fed nonprocessed silage. Steers consuming the two processed silage rations had numerically higher DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestibilities and significantly higher starch digestibilities than those fed the non- processed silage ration. These data suggest that processing whole-plant corn silage before or after ensiling has …

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Increasing Interval To Prostaglandin From 17 Days To 19 Days In An Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronization System For Heifers, D.W. Nix, G.C. Lamb, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah Jan 1998

Increasing Interval To Prostaglandin From 17 Days To 19 Days In An Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronization System For Heifers, D.W. Nix, G.C. Lamb, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weanling Angus x Hereford heifers were purchased by a commercial heifer development operation from 12 sources. Heifers were fed a silage-based diet through an initial developmental period and then were retained or culled based on their average daily gain, pelvic area, or disposition. Of the original 591 heifers, 14% were culled. Estrus was synchronized using the Colorado MGA-Prostaglandin (PG) synchronization system with PG administered at either 17 days or 19 days after the 14th day of MGA feeding. Heifers were inseminated artificially (AI) during 30 days followed by 30 days of natural mating. Heifers given PG on day 17 after …

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Fusobacterium Necrophorum In Ruminal Contents And On The Ruminal Wall Of Cattle, K.R. Bedwell, N. Wallace, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1998

Fusobacterium Necrophorum In Ruminal Contents And On The Ruminal Wall Of Cattle, K.R. Bedwell, N. Wallace, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fusobacterium necrophorum was quantified from ruminal contents and ruminal wall tissue collected at slaughter. Livers were examined and scored for abscesses. The mean concentration of F. necrophorum on the ruminal wall ranged from 2.9 x 103 to 6.1x 105 per cm2 . The dorsal sac had the lowest counts, and dorsal blind and ventral sacs had the highest counts of F. necrophorum adherent to the ruminal wall. The concentrations of F. necrophorum in ruminal contents and on the ruminal wall did not appear to be related to presence or absence of abscessed livers or to severity of abscesses.

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Fusobacterium Necrophorum Leukotoxoid Vaccine For Prevention Of Liver Abscesses, S. Saginala, K.F. Lechtenberg, Kenneth E. Kemp, P.M. Hine, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa Jan 1998

Fusobacterium Necrophorum Leukotoxoid Vaccine For Prevention Of Liver Abscesses, S. Saginala, K.F. Lechtenberg, Kenneth E. Kemp, P.M. Hine, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The efficacy of Fusobacterium necrophorum crude leukotoxoid vaccine to immunize and protect steers against experimentally induced liver abscesses was evaluated. The vaccine consisted of cell-free culture supernatant of a high leukotoxin-producing strain of F. necrophorum, inactivated with formalin and homogenized with an oil emulsion adjuvant. Vaccine was injected subcutaneously on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor immune response. Three weeks after the second vaccination, steers were injected intraportally with F. necrophorum culture to induce liver abscesses. Three weeks later (day 63), steers were euthanatized and necropsied; livers were examined, and protection was assessed. Anti-leukotoxin antibody …

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Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka Jan 1998

Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Eschericia coli O157:H7 are important foodborne pathogens, but longitudinal studies of their prevalence in beef cattle feedyards have not been done. Our long- term study involved 24,556 samples taken from beef cattle feedyards found overall prevalence's of 4.87% for Salmonella, 20.1% for Campylobacter in hospital pen fecal samples, and 0.20% for E. coli O157:H7. Yard and pen differences (P<0.05) were detected. All 53 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to Talmicosin and Erythromycin, two antimicrobials used in food animal medicine. Their genetic diversity was high and did not indicate the presence of resident strains at the yards studied. Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli O157:H7 were probably brought into the yards by shipments of new cattle. Many of these organismswere susceptible to antibiotics commonly used to treat beef cattle.

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Wheat Middlings In Roughage-Based Or Limit-Fed, High-Concentrate Diets For Growing Calves, Gerry L. Kuhl, R.H. Wessels, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Wheat Middlings In Roughage-Based Or Limit-Fed, High-Concentrate Diets For Growing Calves, Gerry L. Kuhl, R.H. Wessels, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 101-day growing study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of beef heifers fed wheat middlings in traditional full- fed, sorghum silage-based rations and in limit-fed, high-concentrate rations. Diets were formulated without wheat middlings or with wheat middlings replacing 33, 67, or 100% of rolled corn plus soybean meal. Daily gains decreased linearly (P<.01) with increasing levels of wheat middlings in the roughage-based diets because of lower feed intake (P<.10), but feed efficiency was not affected (P>.30). For the limit-fed diets, heifer daily gains decreased linearly (P<.01) as the proportion of wheat middlings in the diet increased, resulting in a linear reduction (P<.01) in feed efficiency. Wheat middlings can be utilized effectively as the predominant energy/protein source for growing cattle, though their nutritional and economic value, relative to corn and soybean meal, may be different for roughage-based and limit-fed diets.

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Beef Cattle Lagoon Seepage, James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1998

Beef Cattle Lagoon Seepage, James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most compacted soils can be used for lagoon liners to achieve seepage guidelines established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.

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Microbial Evaluation Of Steam Pasteurization And Comparison Of Excision Versus Sponge Sampling Recovery, D.L. Retzlaff, S.A. Rueger, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1998

Microbial Evaluation Of Steam Pasteurization And Comparison Of Excision Versus Sponge Sampling Recovery, D.L. Retzlaff, S.A. Rueger, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of steam pasteurization (SPS400™; Frigoscandia, Bellevue, WA) as a viable commercial-scale intervention method to treat pre-rigor beef carcasses uniformly hasbeen evaluated for temperatures from 180E to 201 ÌŠF. Effectiveness at lower temperatures(minimum atmospheric temperature of 170 ÌŠF) has not been evaluated. Previous studies of steam pasteurization used excision sampling. However, the USDA-FSIS has suggested use of nondestructive sampling of chilled beef carcasses for generic Escherichia coli, so we compared excision and sponge sampling in a commercial slaughter facility. Twenty-eight beef carcasses were monitored to determine the effectiveness of steam pasteurization and to compare the two sampling methods. Total …

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