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Biology

2016

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Factors Influencing Swallow Bug (O. Vicarius) Populations Within Cliff Swallows Nests, Paul Mcphail Dec 2016

Factors Influencing Swallow Bug (O. Vicarius) Populations Within Cliff Swallows Nests, Paul Mcphail

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Hematophagous ectoparasites such as swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius) have been shown to have a profound negative impact on infested bird chicks, and one study shows that O. vicarius populations are positively correlated with large colonies. In this study, we investigated the abundance of O. vicarius and other arthropods within Cliff Swallow nests, and performed statistical analysis of the results to find any variables that correlated with O. vicarius population size. We expected the number of O. vicarius would be positively influenced by urban surroundings and large Cliff Swallow colony size, and that samples collected in the fall would be larger …

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Hydromagnetic Peristaltic Transportation With Porous Medium Through An Asymmetric Vertical Tapered Channel And Joule Heating, S. R. Kumar Dec 2016

Hydromagnetic Peristaltic Transportation With Porous Medium Through An Asymmetric Vertical Tapered Channel And Joule Heating, S. R. Kumar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The present paper deals with a theoretical investigation of the hydromagnetic peristaltic transportation with porous medium through coaxial asymmetric vertical tapered channel and joule heating which has been studied under the assumption of long wavelength approximations. Exact analytical expressions of axial velocity, volume flow rate, pressure gradient, temperature and heat transfer coefficient at both walls were calculated. The effects of various emerging parameters, Hartmann number, Non-uniform parameter, Prandtl number, Heat generator parameter, Brinkman number, Porous parameter are discussed through the use of graphs. We notice from the figures that the temperature of the fluid increases in the entire vertical tapered …

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Visualizing A Plant Cell, Rudaba R. Hasan Nov 2016

Visualizing A Plant Cell, Rudaba R. Hasan

The STEAM Journal

Why visualizing science is important, especially as a school student.

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A Novel Method Of Removing Excess Algae In The Chesapeake Bay Region Using Natural Polymers And Ferroferric Oxide, Rashika Budhathoki, Muska Sekandiri, Luis Francia Nov 2016

A Novel Method Of Removing Excess Algae In The Chesapeake Bay Region Using Natural Polymers And Ferroferric Oxide, Rashika Budhathoki, Muska Sekandiri, Luis Francia

Exigence

In this article, the authors argue for an improved success rate for removing excess algae from the Chesapeake Bay via magnetic polymers.

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Toxic Effect Of Lead Chloride On Antioxidant Enzyme In The Liver And Kidney Of Fish, Bakhtawar Raza, Muhammad Javed, Faiza Ambreen, Fariha Latif Nov 2016

Toxic Effect Of Lead Chloride On Antioxidant Enzyme In The Liver And Kidney Of Fish, Bakhtawar Raza, Muhammad Javed, Faiza Ambreen, Fariha Latif

Journal of Bioresource Management

The contamination of aquatic habitats has become a serious problem for sustainability of the fisheries sector in Pakistan. Among different pollutants, heavy metals are very toxic. Their toxicity can be assessed by using antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers. These enzymes protect the living organisms from the oxidative stress caused by the heavy metals. Therefore, the effect of lead chloride (PbCl2) on the peroxidase enzyme activity in the tissues (liver and kidney) of Cirrhinamrigala was investigated. Four groups of Cirrhinamrigala were exposed, separately, to 96-hr LC50 concentration of PbCl2 along with its sub-lethal concentrations, viz.2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th for a period of …

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Characterization And Analysis Of Pcs1 Gene From Wheat, Haris Ahmed Khan, Ayaz Ahmad, Sehar Nawaz Nov 2016

Characterization And Analysis Of Pcs1 Gene From Wheat, Haris Ahmed Khan, Ayaz Ahmad, Sehar Nawaz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide on large areas. Yields of wheat are decreasing worldwide due to heavy metal contamination. A number of genes have been characterized as those that confer tolerance to cadmium stress. PCS1 is one of them. Phytochelatins have a key role in the detoxification of heavy metals in plants. However, the mechanism behind the detoxification remains unknown and wheat genes related to detoxification have not yet been identified. Here we report the isolation of cDNA encoding of phytochelatin synthase (PCS) from wheat (var. Galaxy 2013). The AtPCS1 cDNA sequence contained …

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Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Tridactyla) In Karakoram: Record On Vagrancy, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Madeeha Manzoor, Imran Shah, Afsar Mian Nov 2016

Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Tridactyla) In Karakoram: Record On Vagrancy, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Madeeha Manzoor, Imran Shah, Afsar Mian

Journal of Bioresource Management

A Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla; BLK) circumpolar shore bird was recorded on the Borith Lake (36°25'54.31"N, 74°51'44.09"E) 4,000-5,000 km away from the gull family bird's eastern or western normal habitat and 2000 km from its last report few years ago and 1500 km from nearest seashore. This report discusses the possible reasons and so far reported vagrancy of this bird.

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Effect Of Manganese Chloride (Mncl2) On Peroxidase Activity In Labeo Rohita, Nadia Altaf, Muhammad Javed, Sidra Abbas Nov 2016

Effect Of Manganese Chloride (Mncl2) On Peroxidase Activity In Labeo Rohita, Nadia Altaf, Muhammad Javed, Sidra Abbas

Journal of Bioresource Management

Four groups (n=10) of one year old Labeo rohita were exposed to 96-hr LC50 and sub-lethal (2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th) concentrations of MnCl2 for a duration of 30 days in the glass aquaria of 50L water capacity. After an exposure period of 30 days, the activity of peroxidase enzyme in the liver and brain of MnCl2 exposed fish was measured and compared with the control group. Physico-chemical parameters of the test media, viz. pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, total ammonia, total hardness, calcium and magnesium were also monitored on a 12 hour basis during the whole experimental duration by following …

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Creating A Microcosm To Examine Salinity Tolerance Of Escherichia Coli In Beach Sand, Leigha Stahl, Victoria Frost, Matthew Heard Oct 2016

Creating A Microcosm To Examine Salinity Tolerance Of Escherichia Coli In Beach Sand, Leigha Stahl, Victoria Frost, Matthew Heard

The Winthrop McNair Research Bulletin

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacteria species that thrives in a variety of environments around the world. Due to its widespread prevalence, it is commonly used as an indicator for fecal pollution and other pathogens. One place where it is not often looked for is oceanic beaches because E. coli is inhibited by salt. However, recent research has shown that E. coli often thrives in sand at many oceanic beaches. To determine how it persists in sand, we created a microcosm simulating the intertidal zone of an oceanic beach. Using this microcosm, we examined how varying levels of …

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Expression, Purification, And Crystallization Of An Endoxylanase From Bacteroides Vulgatus, Jesslyn Park, Jason Hurlbert Oct 2016

Expression, Purification, And Crystallization Of An Endoxylanase From Bacteroides Vulgatus, Jesslyn Park, Jason Hurlbert

The Winthrop McNair Research Bulletin

Sustainable sources of energy are growing in demand as fossil fuels are rapidly expended. One such energy source is fuel ethanol generated from the fermentation of plant biomass by engineered bacterial biocatalysts. The creation of a biocatalyst capable of converting nearly any plant matter to fuel ethanol requires the identification of novel enzymes capable of degrading specific carbohydrate polymers and cloning these enzymes into a bacterial host. This study seeks to structurally characterize a novel xylanase of glycosyl hydrolase family 30 (GH30) from Bacteroides vulgatus, a bacterium found in the human gut microbiome, via x-ray crystallography. The gene for …

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Determination Of Phylo-Group Diversity Of Escherichia Coli In Environmental Sand Samples Collected From A South Carolina Beach, Savannah A. Moritzky, Victoria Frost, Matthew Heard Oct 2016

Determination Of Phylo-Group Diversity Of Escherichia Coli In Environmental Sand Samples Collected From A South Carolina Beach, Savannah A. Moritzky, Victoria Frost, Matthew Heard

The Winthrop McNair Research Bulletin

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterial species that can persist in many environments found around the world. One environment where it can be found that is of particular concern is an oceanic beach, where it can serve as an indicator of both fecal and microbial pollution. While the majority of strains of E. coli are non-pathogenic to humans, some phylo-groups are associated with virulent strains and could cause disease. Therefore, it is of critical concern that we determine where this E. coli is coming from and whether it is potentially harmful to human health and well-being. In this …

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Reproductive Schedule Of The Silver Shiner (Notropis Photogenis) In The Flint River Of Alabama, Kelly Hodgskins, Stephanie Greenleaf, Jonathan Hillman, Bruce Stallsmith Oct 2016

Reproductive Schedule Of The Silver Shiner (Notropis Photogenis) In The Flint River Of Alabama, Kelly Hodgskins, Stephanie Greenleaf, Jonathan Hillman, Bruce Stallsmith

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

Many river-dwelling species of fish are dependent upon and stimulated by fluctuations in river flow for successful reproduction. This is especially true of pelagophils, a reproductive guild whose eggs and larvae require free drifting on river currents for several days. Notropis photogenis (Silver Shiner) is a rheophilic species with a broad distribution from Ontario to the southeastern United States including northern tributaries to the Tennessee River in Alabama. Little is known of its reproductive biology. The purpose of this study was to describe aspects of reproductive biology such as timing and pattern of ovarian development and oocyte maturation of N. …

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The Effect Of Survey Date On Assessing Calling Activity Of Hylidae, M. Kyle Brown, Amelia L. Russell, Adrian K.O. Hayes, Elliot P. Gibbs, Melissa A. Pilgrim Oct 2016

The Effect Of Survey Date On Assessing Calling Activity Of Hylidae, M. Kyle Brown, Amelia L. Russell, Adrian K.O. Hayes, Elliot P. Gibbs, Melissa A. Pilgrim

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Alteration Of The Ping And Pong Orf1 Proteins Allows For Hyperactive Transposition Of Mping, Lisette Payero, Giselle Outten, Courtney Burckhalter, C. Nathan Hancock Oct 2016

Alteration Of The Ping And Pong Orf1 Proteins Allows For Hyperactive Transposition Of Mping, Lisette Payero, Giselle Outten, Courtney Burckhalter, C. Nathan Hancock

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Sweating The Small Stuff: Linking Plankton To Climate Change, Brian Kim '18 Makes Conncetions, Stephen Collins Sep 2016

Sweating The Small Stuff: Linking Plankton To Climate Change, Brian Kim '18 Makes Conncetions, Stephen Collins

Colby Magazine

It takes an expansive mind to connect microscopic marine copepods (certain crustacean plankton) unwittingly chomping on floating microplastics with a bigger picture: the planet’s carbon pump and global climate change. But that’s what Brian Kim ’18 decided to investigate during Jan Plan, working with Bigelow Lab Senior Research Scientist David Fields.

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How Could Consciousness Emerge From Adaptive Functioning?, Max Velmans Sep 2016

How Could Consciousness Emerge From Adaptive Functioning?, Max Velmans

Animal Sentience

The sudden appearance of consciousness that Reber posits in creatures with flexible cell walls and motility rather than non-flexible cells walls and no motility involves an evolutionary discontinuity. This kind of “miracle” is required by all “discontinuity” theories of consciousness. To avoid miraculous emergence, one may need to consider continuity theories, which accept that different forms of consciousness and material functioning co-evolve but assume the existence of consciousness to be primal in the way that matter and energy are assumed to be primal in physics.

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Rapid Museum, Gary Barwin Sep 2016

Rapid Museum, Gary Barwin

The Goose

Poetry by Gary Barwin

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If Insects Have Phenomenal Consciousness, Could They Suffer?, Elizabeth S. Paul, Michael T. Mendl Aug 2016

If Insects Have Phenomenal Consciousness, Could They Suffer?, Elizabeth S. Paul, Michael T. Mendl

Animal Sentience

Klein & Barron’s (K & B’s) suggestion that insects have the capacity for phenomenal consciousness is a refreshing and challenging departure from the cautious and agnostic stance that is taken by many researchers when considering this possibility. It is impossible to falsify the sceptic’s view that neural and behavioural parallels between humans and insects need not imply either similar conscious experience or even any phenomenal consciousness in insects at all. But if K & B are right, it is important to consider the possible contents of insect consciousness. Here we discuss whether affective consciousness, with its implications for potential suffering, …

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Kain V. Department Of Environmental Protection, Sarah M. Danno Aug 2016

Kain V. Department Of Environmental Protection, Sarah M. Danno

Public Land & Resources Law Review

Global climate change and its chronic frustrations generated passage of the Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act. The Massachusetts Legislature imposed time-bound implementation mandates on the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with Massachusetts residents acting as compliance watchdogs. In Kain, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts interpreted the Act in favor of environmental integrity and strict agency compliance standards.

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Joint Action Effects Of Emamectin Benzoate And Cypermethrin On The Marine Copepod Tigriopus Californicus, Lindsay Schultz, Michael Kelly Aug 2016

Joint Action Effects Of Emamectin Benzoate And Cypermethrin On The Marine Copepod Tigriopus Californicus, Lindsay Schultz, Michael Kelly

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

This project examined the effect of two pesticides on the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus. The pesticides are emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin, which are commonly used in salmon aquaculture to treat the salmon for sea lice, a type of parasitic copepod. The results of this study indicate that these pesticides are toxic to the free-living T. californicus at very low dosage levels when used individually. When the pesticides are used in combination, the mortality rate is similar to when they are used individually, but there is an additional paralytic effect on the animals. All animals exposed to any of the pesticide …

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Dominance Hierarchies In Horses: Comparing And Contrasting Different Methods For Assessing Hierarchies, Devyn Bailey Aug 2016

Dominance Hierarchies In Horses: Comparing And Contrasting Different Methods For Assessing Hierarchies, Devyn Bailey

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Understanding animal social structures is imperative when it comes to the care, housing and handling of large herd animals. Knowing how hierarchies are structured, along with environmental and physiological aspects that may affect them, will allow owners and breeders to house and care for their animals. The aim of my study was to better understand two methods used to assess dominance hierarchies in horses, Equus caballus, and to predict which method would be more useful for owners housing domestic horses. I designed an experiment where I compared a structured method, the paired feeding test, with behavioral observations from the …

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Implicit Mental Processes Are An Improbable Basis For Personhood, Michael L. Woodruff Jul 2016

Implicit Mental Processes Are An Improbable Basis For Personhood, Michael L. Woodruff

Animal Sentience

Rowlands argues that animals have implicit pre-reflective awareness and that this is adequate to create the unity of conscious thought required for personhood. For him pre-reflective awareness does not include intentionality and is probably an unconscious process. I suggest that his sense of implicit leads to significant difficulties for his argument and that including intentionality in the definition of a first-person perspective provides a stronger base for viewing animals as persons.

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A Contribution To The Tardigrade Fauna Of Georgia, Usa, Juliana G. Hinton, Harry A. Meyer, Brad Peet Jul 2016

A Contribution To The Tardigrade Fauna Of Georgia, Usa, Juliana G. Hinton, Harry A. Meyer, Brad Peet

Georgia Journal of Science

Tardigrada (water bears) is a phylum of microscopic animals commonly found in mosses, lichens, leaf litter, and freshwater. There are no published records of marine tardigrades from Georgia. Twelve species have been reported from four counties in the state of Georgia, USA. Eighteen species of water bear were present in lichen, moss, and leaf litter samples from eight additional counties in northern and central Georgia. Ten species – Pseudechiniscus suillus, Milnesium bohleberi, Hypsibius convergens, Astatumen trinacriae, Macrobiotus anemone, Macrobiotus cf. echinogenitus, Macrobiotus cf. islandicus, Macrobiotus spectabilis, Paramacrobiotus cf. areolatus, and Paramacrobiotus …

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Host-Parasite Relationships Between The Copepod Naobranchia Lizae And Its Host (Striped Mullet, Mugil Cephalus): A Description Of Morphological Development, Sara R. Teemer Jul 2016

Host-Parasite Relationships Between The Copepod Naobranchia Lizae And Its Host (Striped Mullet, Mugil Cephalus): A Description Of Morphological Development, Sara R. Teemer

DePaul Discoveries

The parasitic copepod, Naobranchia lizae, is often found within the gill arches of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, in the Charleston Harbor Estuarine System of South Carolina. The parasite is relatively common, but little is known about its early stages of development. In order to describe the developmental stages and pattern of morphological development, 221 female N. lizae that were collected between February 2002 and May 2003 were used. Using variation in morphological characters (maxilla, trunk), these parasites were assigned to developmental stages (juvenile, subadult, adult). A small number of the males (three ‘dwarf’ males) were also found …

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An Investigation Of The Major Wheat Weeds In Different Zones Of Dera Ismail Khan, Zahid Usman, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Iqtidar Hussain, Anis Ali Shah, Kalim Ullah, Muhammad Sadiq Jul 2016

An Investigation Of The Major Wheat Weeds In Different Zones Of Dera Ismail Khan, Zahid Usman, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Iqtidar Hussain, Anis Ali Shah, Kalim Ullah, Muhammad Sadiq

Journal of Bioresource Management

On account of huge yield losses, weed infestation is a serious threat in wheat crops throughout the country. A comprehensive survey to find out the major weeds in wheat in Dera Ismail Khan was carried out during the crop season of 2012-13. Wheat fields at seed farms of Rakhmanghan, RakhZandani, Rata Kulachi and adjacent farmer’s fields to each seed farm were investigated. Data was collected at the peak growth stage of weeds and the quadratic method was used to record relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and importance value index (IVI). The results revealed that the …

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Metal Mixtures Toxicity And Bioaccumulation In Tilapia Nilotica At 96-Hr Lc50 Exposure, Faiza Ambreen, Muhammad Javed Jul 2016

Metal Mixtures Toxicity And Bioaccumulation In Tilapia Nilotica At 96-Hr Lc50 Exposure, Faiza Ambreen, Muhammad Javed

Journal of Bioresource Management

Laboratory tests were conducted on fingerlings of Tilapia nilotica to check the bioaccumulation patterns of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) during acute toxicity at constant water temperature, pH and total hardness. Metal mixtures viz. Lead + Cadmium, Cobalt-Lead and Cadmium-Cobalt were selected to assess the acute toxicity in terms of 96-hr LC50 along with bioaccumulation patterns in selected organs of Tilapia nilotica (skin, muscles and liver). Sensitivity of Tilapia nilotica in terms of 96-hr LC50 for all mixtures varied significantly. The 96-hr LC50 of binary metal mixtures agreed in that order: cadmium-cobalt > lead-cadmium > cobalt-lead with statistically significant differences …

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A Survey Of Weed Varieties In Samanabad, Lahore, Sadaf Nazir, Beenish Zia Butt, Anjum Navid Jul 2016

A Survey Of Weed Varieties In Samanabad, Lahore, Sadaf Nazir, Beenish Zia Butt, Anjum Navid

Journal of Bioresource Management

A weed is an herbaceous plant that grows as a wild plant, and is considered a hindrance in the growth of preferred vegetation or cumbering the ground, and has no value for beauty or use. However, some weeds have roles in medicine, ecology and many other fields. A survey was conducted in Lahore to observe the weed varieties present in the area of Samanabad. The present study was carried out in May and June 2014.The primary purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about the availability of the total number of species present in this area. We also assessed …

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Bistorta Amplexicaulis: A Brief Insight To Its Ethnobotany, Salma Batool, Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmed Jul 2016

Bistorta Amplexicaulis: A Brief Insight To Its Ethnobotany, Salma Batool, Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmed

Journal of Bioresource Management

Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene is an herb that belongs to the Family Polygonaceae. Its local name in Pakistan is Rain and masloon (Saqib and Sultan, 2005) and in India it is Sarbguni (Sharma et al., 2004).

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Status Of Basic Taxonomic Skills In Botanical Articles Related To Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Pakistan: A Review, Arshad Mahmood Khan, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Mirza Faisal Qaseem, Waseem Ahmad, Zafeer Saqib, Tariq Habib Jul 2016

Status Of Basic Taxonomic Skills In Botanical Articles Related To Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Pakistan: A Review, Arshad Mahmood Khan, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Mirza Faisal Qaseem, Waseem Ahmad, Zafeer Saqib, Tariq Habib

Journal of Bioresource Management

The problems of synonymy, incorrect species author citation/abbreviation and spelling errors are hampering botanical research around the globe. This article was aimed to quantify the intensity and errors encountered in this regard in published botanical articles pertaining to the Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. To address this issue, 100 articles published in 1999-2015 were reviewed. A total of 5460 entries were processed carefully and 1350 species binomials (excluding repititions) were extracted that were linked with 1333 accepted binomials according to theplantlist.org. Out of these accepted species binomials, 1109 were communicated correctly, whereas the remaining 224 binomials were conveyed in the …

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Examining Students’ Expectations For Laboratory Learning In A Majors’ Introductory Biology Course, Matthew Crewse Jun 2016

Examining Students’ Expectations For Laboratory Learning In A Majors’ Introductory Biology Course, Matthew Crewse

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

No abstract provided.

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