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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Ocean Urea Fertilization For Carbon Credits Poses High Ecological Risks, Pm Glibert, R Azanza, M Burford, K Furuya, E Abal, D. A. Bronk, Et Al.
Ocean Urea Fertilization For Carbon Credits Poses High Ecological Risks, Pm Glibert, R Azanza, M Burford, K Furuya, E Abal, D. A. Bronk, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many …
Building The Holocene Clinothem In The Gulf Of Papua: An Ocean Circulation Study, Rudy Slingerland, Robert W. Selover, Andrea S. Ogston, Timothy R. Keen, Neal W. Driscoll, John D. Milliman
Building The Holocene Clinothem In The Gulf Of Papua: An Ocean Circulation Study, Rudy Slingerland, Robert W. Selover, Andrea S. Ogston, Timothy R. Keen, Neal W. Driscoll, John D. Milliman
VIMS Articles
This paper investigates the role that tidal and wind-driven flows and buoyant river plumes play in the development of the Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua. Time series data from bottom tripods and a mooring were obtained at four locations near the mouth of the Fly River during portions of 2003 and 2004. Flows in the Gulf of Papua during calendar year 2003 were hindcast every 3 h using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) with boundary conditions from the Navy Atmospheric Prediction System, the east Asian seas implementation of NCOM, and the OTIS Tidal Inversion System. Results show …
Sediment Dispersal In The Northwestern Adriatic Sea, Courtney K. Harris, C. Sherwood, Richard P. Signell, A. J. Bever, John C. Warner
Sediment Dispersal In The Northwestern Adriatic Sea, Courtney K. Harris, C. Sherwood, Richard P. Signell, A. J. Bever, John C. Warner
VIMS Articles
Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves and strengthened the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Transport along the western Adriatic continental shelf was nearly always to the south, except during brief periods when northward Sirocco winds reduced the coastal current. Much of the modeled fluvial sediment deposition was near river mouths, such as the Po sediment, because it …
Release Of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Matter From Ancient Sedimentary Rocks, S Schillawski, S Petsch
Release Of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Matter From Ancient Sedimentary Rocks, S Schillawski, S Petsch
VIMS Articles
Sedimentary rocks contain the largest mass of organic carbon on Earth, yet these reservoirs are not well integrated into modern carbon budgets. Here we describe the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from OM-rich sedimentary rocks under simulated weathering conditions. Results from column experiments demonstrate slow, sustained release of DOM from ancient sedimentary rocks under simulated weathering conditions. (1)H-NMR analysis of shale-derived DOM reveals a highly aliphatic, carbohydrate-poor material distinct from other natural DOM pools. Shale-derived DOM is rapidly assimilated and biodegraded by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. Consequently, no compositional signature of shale-derived DOM other than (14)C-depletion is likely to persist …
What Exactly Are You Inferring? A Closer Look At Hypothesis Testing, Mc Newman
What Exactly Are You Inferring? A Closer Look At Hypothesis Testing, Mc Newman
VIMS Articles
This critical review describes the confused application of significance tests in environmental toxicology and chemistry that often produces incorrect inferences and indefensible regulatory decisions. Following a brief review of statistical testing theory, nine recommendations are put forward. The first is that confidence intervals be used instead of hypothesis tests whenever possible. The remaining recommendations are relevant if hypothesis tests are used. They are as follows: Define and justify Type I and II error rates a priori; set and justify an effect size a priori; do not confuse p(E vertical bar H-0) and p(H-0 vertical bar E); design tests permitting Positive …
Quantifying Benthic Exchange Of Fine Sediment Via Continuous, Noninvasive Measurements Of Settling Velocity And Bed Erodibility, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartright, Pj Dickhudt
Quantifying Benthic Exchange Of Fine Sediment Via Continuous, Noninvasive Measurements Of Settling Velocity And Bed Erodibility, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartright, Pj Dickhudt
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Melting Glaciers: A Probable Source Of Ddt To The Antarctic Marine Ecosystem, Hn Geisz, Rm Dickhut, Ma Cochran, Wr Fraser, Hw Ducklow
Melting Glaciers: A Probable Source Of Ddt To The Antarctic Marine Ecosystem, Hn Geisz, Rm Dickhut, Ma Cochran, Wr Fraser, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Persistent organic pollutants reach polar regions by long-range atmospheric transport and biomagnify through the food web accumulating in higher trophic level predators. We analyzed Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) samples collected from 2004 to 2006 to evaluate current levels of Sigma DDT (p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE) in these birds, which are confined to Antarctica. Ratios of p,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDE in Adelie penguins have declined significantly since 1964 indicating current exposure to old rather than new sources of Sigma DDT. However, Sigma DDT has not declined in Adelie penguins from the Western Antarctic Peninsula for more than 30 years and the presence of …
Anatomy And Growth Of A Holocene Clinothem In The Gulf Of Papua, Rudy Slingerland, Neal W. Driscoll, John D. Milliman, Scott R. Miller, Elizabeth A. Johnstone
Anatomy And Growth Of A Holocene Clinothem In The Gulf Of Papua, Rudy Slingerland, Neal W. Driscoll, John D. Milliman, Scott R. Miller, Elizabeth A. Johnstone
VIMS Articles
High-resolution seismic profiles and sedimentological data from grab samples and long cores provide an unprecedented picture of the structure, sedimentology, and late Quaternary development of two Gulf of Papua ( GoP) clinothems, one probably Stage 3 and 4 in age and one Holocene in age. The older was partially eroded during Stage 2 and partially covered by the younger clinothem during Stage 1. The younger clinothem consists of three stratigraphic units separated by two surfaces of erosion, bypass, or correlative surfaces of lap. The surfaces were formed by changes in accommodation and sediment supply. The underlying physiography of the older …
Technical Note: Molecular Characterization Of Aerosol-Derived Water Soluble Organic Carbon Using Ultrahigh Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, A. S. Wozniak, J. E. Bauer, R. L. Sleighter, R.M Dickhut, P.G. Hatcher
Technical Note: Molecular Characterization Of Aerosol-Derived Water Soluble Organic Carbon Using Ultrahigh Resolution Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, A. S. Wozniak, J. E. Bauer, R. L. Sleighter, R.M Dickhut, P.G. Hatcher
VIMS Articles
Despite the acknowledged relevance of aerosol-derived water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to climate and biogeochemical cycling, characterization of aerosol WSOC has been limited. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) was utilized in this study to provide detailed molecular level characterization of the hi(,h molecular weight (HMW; m/z>223) component of aerosol-derived WSOC collected from rural sites in Virginia and New York, USA. More than 3000 peaks were detected by ESI FT-ICR MS within a m/z range of 223-600 for each sample. Approximately 86% (Virginia) and 78% (New York) of these peaks were assigned molecular formulas …