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- ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; SUWANNEE RIVER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GULF STURGEON; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; JAMES RIVER; MANAGEMENT; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY (1)
- Adélie penguin · Foraging competition · Ross Sea · Trophic cascade · Wasp-waist food web structure (1)
- Albacore Thunnus-Alalunga; Yellowfin Tuna; Katsuwonus-Pelamis; Indian-Ocean; Environmental Preferences; Acoustic Backscatter; Zooplankton Biomass; Movement Patterns; Eastern-Pacific; Pelagic Fishes (1)
- Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea; Denitrifying Bacterial Communities; Nitrous-Oxide Production; Nitrosomonas-Europaea; N2O-Producing Pathways; Molecular Diversity; Nitrate Reducers; Genome Sequence; Paddy Soil; Denitrification (1)
- Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea; Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction; Francisco Bay Estuary; Salt-Marsh; Denitrifier Abundance; Bacterial Communities; Marine-Sediments; Diffusion Method; Ribosomal-Rna; Process Rates (1)
- Aquaculture · Clam · Shellfish · Macroalgae · Eutrophication · Nitrogen cycling (1)
- Arctic Ocean; net primary productivity; model skill assessment; subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum; ocean color model; remote sensing (1)
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- Biodiversity; Chesapeake Bay; consumers; ecosystem functioning; estuaries (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Boosted regression trees; Eubalaena; historical distribution; right whale; species distribution models; whaling (1)
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- Catch-Curve; Multifan; Growth; Model (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Organic-Matter; River Estuary; Restoration; Ecosystems; Dynamics; Denitrification; Biodeposition; Consequences; Landscape (1)
- Chlorophyll a · Primary production · Continental shelf · Stratification · Remote sensing · Empirical model (1)
- Clam Ruditapes-Philippinarum; Chesapeake Bay; Mya-Arenaria; Phylogenetic Position; Tagelus-Plebeius; Olseni Protozoa; Genus Perkinsus; Ribosomal-Rna; Decussatus L; Shell Clams (1)
- Cod Gadus-Morhua; Fish Stock Assessment; Georges-Bank; Spatial-Distribution; Atlantic Cod; Hydrographic Variables; California Current; Abundance Indexes; Catchability; Management (1)
- Compound-Specific Delta-C-14; Basin Surface Sediment; Delaware Estuary; Lipid-Composition; C-14 Ams; Carbon; Radiocarbon; Variability; Fractionation; Marine (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Continental-Shelf; Ecosystems; Saturation; Pacific; Impacts; Carbon (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Social Control Of Reproduction And Breeding Monopolization In The Eusocial Snapping Shrimp Synalpheus Elizabethae, Stc Chak, Dr Rubenstein, Je Duffy
Social Control Of Reproduction And Breeding Monopolization In The Eusocial Snapping Shrimp Synalpheus Elizabethae, Stc Chak, Dr Rubenstein, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
Understanding why individuals within altruistic societies forgo reproduction to raise others' offspring has fascinated scientists since Darwin. Although worker polymorphism is thought to have evolved only in sterile workers, worker subcastes appear to be common among social invertebrates and vertebrates. We asked whether sterility accompanies eusociality and morphological differentiation in snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)-the only known marine eusocial group. We show that workers in Synalpheus elizabethae are reproductively totipotent and that female-but not male-gonadal development and mating are mediated by the presence of a queen, apparently without physical aggression. In queenless experimental colonies, a single immature female worker typically became ovigerous, …
Squidpops: A Simple Tool To Crowdsource A Global Map Of Marine Predation Intensity, J. Emmett Duffy, Shelby L. Zeigler, Justin E. Campbell, Paige M. Bippus, Jonathan S. Lefcheck
Squidpops: A Simple Tool To Crowdsource A Global Map Of Marine Predation Intensity, J. Emmett Duffy, Shelby L. Zeigler, Justin E. Campbell, Paige M. Bippus, Jonathan S. Lefcheck
VIMS Articles
We present a simple, standardized assay, the squidpop, for measuring the relative feeding intensity of generalist predators in aquatic systems. The assay consists of a 1.3-cm diameter disk of dried squid mantle tethered to a rod, which is either inserted in the sediment in soft-bottom habitats or secured to existing structure. Each replicate squidpop is scored as present or absent after 1 and 24 hours, and the data for analysis are proportions of replicate units consumed at each time. Tests in several habitats of the temperate southeastern USA (Virginia and North Carolina) and tropical Central America (Belize) confirmed the assay’s …
Modeling Estuarine Response To Load Reductions In A Warmer Climate: York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Samuel J. Lake, Mark Brush
Modeling Estuarine Response To Load Reductions In A Warmer Climate: York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Samuel J. Lake, Mark Brush
VIMS Articles
The impact of climate warming on shallow tributary estuaries will be influenced by the complex cycling of nutrients and organic matter, diversity of primary producers, and enhanced benthic-pelagic coupling typical of these systems, along with advection of nutrients, organic matter, and hypoxic water from adjacent systems. This study utilized a parsimonious, reduced-complexity model that combines mechanistic equations with robust, data-driven, empirical formulations to predict how phytoplankton net primary production (NPP), net ecosystem metabolism (NEM), and hypoxia will change under a range of warmer conditions in the York River Estuary, VA, USA, a sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Modeled NPP peaked earlier …
Multitrophic Functional Diversity Predicts Ecosystem Functioning In Experimental Assemblages Of Estuarine Consumers, Js Lefcheck, Je Duffy
Multitrophic Functional Diversity Predicts Ecosystem Functioning In Experimental Assemblages Of Estuarine Consumers, Js Lefcheck, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
The use of functional traits to explain how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning has attracted intense interest, yet few studies have a priori altered functional diversity, especially in multitrophic communities. Here, we manipulated multivariate functional diversity of estuarine grazers and predators within multiple levels of species richness to test how species richness and functional diversity predicted ecosystem functioning in a multitrophic food web. Community functional diversity was a better predictor than species richness for the majority of ecosystem properties, based on generalized linear mixed-effects models. Combining inferences from eight traits into a single multivariate index increased prediction accuracy of these models …
Phylogeographic Perspective On The Distribution And Dispersal Of A Marine Pathogen, The Oyster Parasite Bonamia Exitiosa, Kristina M. Hill-Spanik, Jan Mcdowell, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan B. Carnegie
Phylogeographic Perspective On The Distribution And Dispersal Of A Marine Pathogen, The Oyster Parasite Bonamia Exitiosa, Kristina M. Hill-Spanik, Jan Mcdowell, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan B. Carnegie
VIMS Articles
The significance of infectious disease has intensified as our marine ecosystems are increasingly altered, with molluscan taxa being among the affected. One of the important pathogens to emerge in recent years, the oyster parasite Bonamia exitiosa,has a broad geographic distribution and has been found to infect a number of oyster species. In order to better understand how B. exitiosa achieved this wide distribution, a gene genealogy was constructed using internal transcribed spacer region ribosomal DNA sequencing data from across the host species range.The analysis revealed population structure in the form of 4 well-defined groups of sequences: 3corresponding to geographic regions …
Comparison Of Surface Chlorophyll, Primary Production, And Satellite Imagery In Hydrographically Different Sounds Off Southern New England, Lindsey Fields, Jeffrey Mercer, Kimberly Hyde, Mark Brush, Et Al
Comparison Of Surface Chlorophyll, Primary Production, And Satellite Imagery In Hydrographically Different Sounds Off Southern New England, Lindsey Fields, Jeffrey Mercer, Kimberly Hyde, Mark Brush, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Block Island Sound (BIS) and Rhode Island Sound (RIS) are adjacent inner continental shelf ecosystems with contrasting hydrographic regimes. BIS exhibits more energetic tidal mixing, and water column stratification remains weak but persists year-round due to nearby estuarine exchange flow; RIS is less influenced by estuaries, and more seasonal with strong stratification in summer. We compared annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in BIS and RIS using measurements (surface chlorophyll, 14C primary production), primary production models (Webb/Platt and BZE models), and satellite ocean color products. During 22 mo of sampling, measured surface chlorophyll was not significantly different …
Overcoming Restoration Paradigms: Value Of The Historical Record And Metapopulation Dynamics In Native Oyster Restoration, Rom Lipcius, Russell P. Burke, Danielle N. Mcculloch, Sebastian J. Schreiber, David M. Schulte, Rochelle D. Seitz, Jian Shen
Overcoming Restoration Paradigms: Value Of The Historical Record And Metapopulation Dynamics In Native Oyster Restoration, Rom Lipcius, Russell P. Burke, Danielle N. Mcculloch, Sebastian J. Schreiber, David M. Schulte, Rochelle D. Seitz, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
Restoration strategies for native oyster populations rely on multiple sources of information, which often conflict due to time- and space-varying patterns in abundance and distribution. For instance, strategies based on population connectivity and disease resistance can differ, and extant and historical records of abundance and distribution are often at odds, such that the optimal strategy is unclear and valuable restoration sites may be excluded from consideration. This was the case for the Lynnhaven River subestuary of lower Chesapeake Bay, which was deemed unsuitable for Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) restoration based on physical conditions, disease challenge, and extant oyster …
Trophic Cascades In The Western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Revisited, David G. Ainley, Grant Ballard, Randolph M. Jones, Dennis Jongsomjit, Stephen D. Pierce, Walker O. Smith Jr., Sam Veloz
Trophic Cascades In The Western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Revisited, David G. Ainley, Grant Ballard, Randolph M. Jones, Dennis Jongsomjit, Stephen D. Pierce, Walker O. Smith Jr., Sam Veloz
VIMS Articles
We investigated mesopredator effects on prey availability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as - sessing the reasons why Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae foraging trip duration (FTD) increases and diet changes from krill to fish as numbers of foraging penguins and competing cetaceans increase in the penguins’ foraging area. To investigate penguins’ seasonally changing FTD as a function of foraging-population size—previously investigated indirectly—we used bio-logging to determine the penguins’ 3-dimensional foraging volume, while an autonomous glider quantified the depth, abundance, and distribution of potential prey. As numbers of foraging penguins and cetaceans increased, penguins spent more time on foraging trips, traveling …
Roles Of Dispersal And Predation In Determining Seedling Recruitment Patterns In A Foundational Marine Angiosperm, Stephen R. Manley, Robert J. Orth, Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
Roles Of Dispersal And Predation In Determining Seedling Recruitment Patterns In A Foundational Marine Angiosperm, Stephen R. Manley, Robert J. Orth, Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
VIMS Articles
: Seed dispersal and seed predation are 2 important processes in the early life history of plants. These mechanisms have been described extensively in terrestrial plants and have resulted in the creation of various models to describe seedling recruitment with increasing distance from the parent plant. However, it is unclear whether theoretical models derived from terrestrial studies apply to marine angiosperms. We performed observational and experimental tests of seed dispersal mechanisms in a marine environment to elucidate patterns of seed dispersal and predation in a foundational marine angiosperm, eelgrass Zostera marina. We also modeled seed dispersal and predation to explore …
Historical Summer Distribution Of The Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): A Hypothesis Based On Environmental Preferences Of A Congeneric Species, Sophie Monserrat, Maria G. Pennino, Tim D. Smith, Randall R. Reeves, Christine N. Meynard, David M. Kaplan, Ana S.L. Rodrigues
Historical Summer Distribution Of The Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): A Hypothesis Based On Environmental Preferences Of A Congeneric Species, Sophie Monserrat, Maria G. Pennino, Tim D. Smith, Randall R. Reeves, Christine N. Meynard, David M. Kaplan, Ana S.L. Rodrigues
VIMS Articles
Aim: To obtain a plausible hypothesis for the historical distribution of North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) (Eubalaena glacialis) in their summer feeding grounds. Previously widespread in the North Atlantic, after centuries of hunt- ing, these whales survive as a small population off eastern North America. Because their exploitation began before formal records started, information about their historical distribution is fragmentary.
Abstracts Of Shellfish Technical Papers, Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The Northeast Aquaculture Conference And Exposition And The 35th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Portland, Maine, January 14–16, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Shellfish Technical Papers, Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The Northeast Aquaculture Conference And Exposition And The 35th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Portland, Maine, January 14–16, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California, March 22–26, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California, March 22–26, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Enhanced Nutrient Regeneration At Commercial Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Beds And The Role Of Macroalgae, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Mark W. Luckenbach
Enhanced Nutrient Regeneration At Commercial Hard Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) Beds And The Role Of Macroalgae, Anna E. Murphy, Iris C. Anderson, Mark W. Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
High densities of bivalves found in aquaculture can exert ‘top-down’ control on primary production through feeding while simultaneously influencing local ‘bottom-up’ effects on production by enhancing nutrient recycling. Thus bivalves may decrease or increase localized eutrophication (sensu Nixon), depending on environmental conditions and specific culture practices. This study investigates hard clam aquaculture influence on benthic nutrient regeneration and metabolism, seasonally using in situ incubations. Effects of macroalgae, which proliferate on predator-exclusion nets at cultivation sites, are also investigated. Ammonium (NH4 +) and phosphate effluxes averaged 154 and 100 times higher, respectively, at clam beds compared to reference sediments. Macroalgae decreased …
Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Sediment Burial On The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Allison M. Colden, Rom Lipcius
Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Sediment Burial On The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Allison M. Colden, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are dominant ecosystem engineers that construct complex reefs in estuarine systems. Reef persistence relies on reef growth, which must outpace reef degradation and sediment deposition. The quantitative impact of burial on oyster survival and sublethal effects of sediment deposition are undefined. In this mesocosm study, we quantified effects of partial and complete burial (0, 50, 70, 90, and 110% of oyster shell height) on survival, biodeposition, condition index and growth of oysters (shell height = 25−75 mm). Survival only declined significantly when 90% or more of an oyster was buried; the critical burial depth inducing 50% …
Composition And Temporal Patterns Of Larval Fish Communities In Chesapeake And Delaware Bays, Usa, Filipe Ribeiro, Edward Hale, Eric J. Hilton, Todd R. Clardy, Alison L. Deary, Timothy E. Targett, John E. Olney
Composition And Temporal Patterns Of Larval Fish Communities In Chesapeake And Delaware Bays, Usa, Filipe Ribeiro, Edward Hale, Eric J. Hilton, Todd R. Clardy, Alison L. Deary, Timothy E. Targett, John E. Olney
VIMS Articles
Comparing larval fish assemblages in different estuaries provides insights about the coastal distribution of larval populations, larval transport, and adult spawning locations. We simultaneously compared the larval fish assemblages entering 2 Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) estuaries(Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, USA) through weekly sampling from 2007 to 2009. In total,43 taxa (32 families) and 36 taxa (24 families) were collected in Delaware and Chesapeake Bays,respectively. Mean taxonomic diversity, mean richness, and evenness were generally lower in Delaware Bay. Communities of both bays were dominated by Anchoaspp., Gobiosomaspp.,Micropogonias undulatus, and Brevoortia tyrannus; Paralichthys spp. was more abundant in Delaware Bay and …
Estimating The Effects Of Seawater Intrusion On An Estuarine Nitrogen Cycle By Comparative Network Analysis, David E. Hines, Jessica A. Lisa, Bk Song, Craig R. Tobias, Stuart R. Borrett
Estimating The Effects Of Seawater Intrusion On An Estuarine Nitrogen Cycle By Comparative Network Analysis, David E. Hines, Jessica A. Lisa, Bk Song, Craig R. Tobias, Stuart R. Borrett
VIMS Articles
Nitrogen (N) removal from estuaries is driven in part by sedimentary microbial processes. The processes of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) remove N from estuaries by producing N2 gas, and each can be coupled to N recycling pathways such as nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Environmental conditions such as seawater intrusion influence sedimentary estuarine N cycling processes. This study investigated the potential effects of seawater intrusion on N cycling processes and their couplings through a comparative modeling approach. We applied environ analysis, a form of ecosystem network analysis, to 2 N cycling mass-balance network models …
The Value Of Captains’ Behavioral Choices In The Success Of The Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima) Fishery On The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coast: A Model Evaluation, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Daphne M. Munroe, Eileen E. Hoffmann, Paula Moreno, Roger L. Mann
The Value Of Captains’ Behavioral Choices In The Success Of The Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima) Fishery On The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coast: A Model Evaluation, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Daphne M. Munroe, Eileen E. Hoffmann, Paula Moreno, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
The response of the surfclam Spisula solidissima to warming of the Mid-Atlantic Bight is manifested by recession of the southern and inshore boundary of the clam’s range. This phenomenon has impacted the fishery through the closure of southern ports and the movement of processing capacity north, impacts that may require responsive actions on the part of fishery captains to mitigate a decline in fishery performance otherwise ineluctably accompanying this shift in range. The purpose of this study was to evaluate options in the behavioral repertoire of captains that might provide mitigation. A model capable of simulating a spatially and temporally …
Trophic Transfer In Seagrass Systems: Estimating Seasonal Production Of An Abundant Seagrass Fish, Bairdiella Chrysoura, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Robert J. Latour
Trophic Transfer In Seagrass Systems: Estimating Seasonal Production Of An Abundant Seagrass Fish, Bairdiella Chrysoura, In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Articles
Silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura is a seasonally abundant fish in lower Chesapeake Bay seagrass habitats. Young-of-the-year fish recruit to these habitats in June and rear for the remainder of the summer before migrating to deeper habitats in the Bay and offshore as seawater cools in the fall. This species has been shown to be abundant in seagrass habitats, yet like many fishes in these habitats, little is known about its growth and production, and thus the contribution of this habitat type to overall production. We developed a bioenergetics model to estimate individual silver perch growth and calibrated this model using …
Representing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic And Functional Diversity: New Challenges For Mediterranean Marine-Protected Areas, Francois Guilhaumon, Camille Albouy, Et Al, Christine N. Meynard
Representing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic And Functional Diversity: New Challenges For Mediterranean Marine-Protected Areas, Francois Guilhaumon, Camille Albouy, Et Al, Christine N. Meynard
VIMS Articles
To assess gaps in the representation of taxonomic, phylogenetic and func- tional diversity among coastal fishes in Mediterranean marine-protected areas (MPAs).
Scientific Evidence Supports A Ban On Microbeads, Cm Rochman, Sm Kross, Jb Armstrong, Mt Bogan, Es Darling, Sj Green, Ar Smyth, D Verissimo
Scientific Evidence Supports A Ban On Microbeads, Cm Rochman, Sm Kross, Jb Armstrong, Mt Bogan, Es Darling, Sj Green, Ar Smyth, D Verissimo
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Source-Age Dynamics Of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter Using Fatty Acid Delta C-13 And Delta C-14 Composition, Ha Mcintosh, Ap Mcnichol, L Xu, Elizabeth A. Canuel
Source-Age Dynamics Of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter Using Fatty Acid Delta C-13 And Delta C-14 Composition, Ha Mcintosh, Ap Mcnichol, L Xu, Elizabeth A. Canuel
VIMS Articles
This study used a multiproxy approach to elucidate the source and age composition of estuarine particulate organic matter (POM) using bulk stable isotopes (C-13(POC)), fatty acid (FA) biomarkers, and compound specific isotopic analyses in surface waters along the Delaware River and Bay (Delaware Estuary, hereafter). C-13 values of FA (C-13(FA)) ranged more widely (-30.9 parts per thousand to -21.8 parts per thousand) than C-13(POC) (-27.5 parts per thousand to -23.5 parts per thousand), providing greater insight about POM sources along the estuary. C-13 values of C-16:0 phospholipid FA (primarily, aquatic sources) increased along the salinity gradient (-29.8 parts per thousand …
Anthropogenic Controls On Overwash Deposition: Evidence And Consequences, Laura J. Rogers, Laura J. Moore, Evan B. Goldstein, Christopher J. Hein, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andrew D. Ashton
Anthropogenic Controls On Overwash Deposition: Evidence And Consequences, Laura J. Rogers, Laura J. Moore, Evan B. Goldstein, Christopher J. Hein, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andrew D. Ashton
VIMS Articles
Accelerated sea level rise and the potential for an increase in frequency of the most intense hurricanes due to climate change threaten the vitality and habitability of barrier islands by lowering their relative elevation and altering frequency of overwash. High-density development may further increase island vulnerability by restricting delivery of overwash to the subaerial island. We analyzed pre-Hurricane Sandy and post-Hurricane Sandy (2012) lidar surveys of the New Jersey coast to assess human influence on barrier overwash, comparing natural environments to two developed environments (commercial and residential) using shore-perpendicular topographic profiles. The volumes of overwash delivered to residential and commercial …
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna F. Mosby, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna F. Mosby, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea is a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, but phytoplankton growth rates there are poorly constrained. Variability in growth rates was investigated on a January February 2012 cruise to the Ross Sea using 37 C-14 isotopic tracer incubations and 11 dilution experiments. We examined the effects of extended incubations on measured growth rates in C-14 incubations, quantified phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality rates through dilution experiments, and analyzed the effects of irradiance on carbon:chlorophyll ratios in dilution experiments. Growth rates in C-14 incubations ranged from 0.03 to 0.85 d(-1). We found that chlorophyll-based phytoplankton growth rates …
Genetic And Biogeochemical Investigation Of Sedimentary Nitrogen Cycling Communities Responding To Tidal And Seasonal Dynamics In Cape Fear River Estuary, Ja Lisa, Bk Song, Cr Tobias, De Hines
Genetic And Biogeochemical Investigation Of Sedimentary Nitrogen Cycling Communities Responding To Tidal And Seasonal Dynamics In Cape Fear River Estuary, Ja Lisa, Bk Song, Cr Tobias, De Hines
VIMS Articles
Tidal and seasonal fluctuations in the oligohaline reaches of estuaries may alter geochemical features that influence structure and function of microbial communities involved in sedimentary nitrogen (N) cycling. In order to evaluate sediment community responses to short-term (tidal) and long-term (seasonal) changes in different tidal regimes, nitrogen cycling rates and genes were quantified in three sites that span a range of tidal influence in the upper portion of the Cape Fear River Estuary. Environmental parameters were monitored during low and high tides in winter and spring. N-15 tracer incubation experiments were conducted to measure nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), …
Ecology Of The Ocean Sunfish, Mola Mola, In The Southern California Current System, Tm Thys, Jp Ryan, H Dewar, Cr Perle, K Lyons, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al.
Ecology Of The Ocean Sunfish, Mola Mola, In The Southern California Current System, Tm Thys, Jp Ryan, H Dewar, Cr Perle, K Lyons, Kevin C. Weng, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The common ocean sunfish, Mola mola, occupies a unique position in the eastern Pacific Ocean and the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) as the world's heaviest, most fecund bony fish, and one of the most abundant gelativores. M. mola frequently occur as bycatch in fisheries worldwide and comprise the greatest portion of the bycatch in California's large-mesh drift gillnet fishery. In this first long-term tagging study of any ocean sunfish species in the eastern Pacific, 15 M. mola (99 cm to 200 cm total length) were tagged in the southern California Bight (SCB) between 2003 and 2010 using 14 …
Image Processing Methods For In Situ Estimation Of Cohesive Sediment Floc Size, Settling Velocity, And Density, Sj Smith, Carl T. Friedrichs
Image Processing Methods For In Situ Estimation Of Cohesive Sediment Floc Size, Settling Velocity, And Density, Sj Smith, Carl T. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Recent advances in development of in situ video settling columns have significantly contributed toward fine-sediment dynamics research through concurrent measurement of suspended sediment floc size distributions and settling velocities, which together also allow inference of floc density. Along with image resolution and sizing, two additional challenges in video analysis from these devices are the automated tracking of settling particles and accounting for fluid motions within the settling column. A combination of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) image analysis techniques is described, which permits general automation of image analysis collected from video settling columns. In the fixed …
Evaluating The Predictive Performance Of Empirical Estimators Of Natural Mortality Rate Using Information On Over 200 Fish Species, Ay Then, Jm Hoenig, Ng Hall, Da Hewitt
Evaluating The Predictive Performance Of Empirical Estimators Of Natural Mortality Rate Using Information On Over 200 Fish Species, Ay Then, Jm Hoenig, Ng Hall, Da Hewitt
VIMS Articles
Many methods have been developed in the last 70 years to predict the natural mortality rate, M, of a stock based on empirical evidence from comparative life history studies. These indirect or empirical methods are used in most stock assessments to (i) obtain estimates of M in the absence of direct information, (ii) check on the reasonableness of a direct estimate of M, (iii) examine the range of plausible M estimates for the stock under consideration, and (iv) define prior distributions for Bayesian analyses. The two most cited empirical methods have appeared in the literature over 2500 times to date. …
Decoupling The Influence Of Biological And Physical Processes On The Dissolved Oxygen In The Chesapeake Bay, Jiabi Du, Jian Shen
Decoupling The Influence Of Biological And Physical Processes On The Dissolved Oxygen In The Chesapeake Bay, Jiabi Du, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
It is instructive and essential to decouple the effects of biological and physical processes on the dissolved oxygen condition, in order to understand their contribution to the interannual variability of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay since the 1980s. A conceptual bottom DO budget model is applied, using the vertical exchange time scale (VET) to quantify the physical condition and net oxygen consumption rate to quantify biological activities. By combining observed DO data and modeled VET values along the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay, the monthly net bottom DO consumption rate was estimated for 1985-2012. The DO budget model results show …
Robots As Vectors For Marine Invasions: Best Practices For Minimizing Transmission Of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class Rovs., Andrew David Thaler, Amy Freitag, Erika Bergman, Dominik Fretz, William Saleu
Robots As Vectors For Marine Invasions: Best Practices For Minimizing Transmission Of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class Rovs., Andrew David Thaler, Amy Freitag, Erika Bergman, Dominik Fretz, William Saleu
VIMS Articles
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) present a potential risk for the transmission of invasive species. This is particularly the case for small, low-cost microROVs that can be easily transported among ecosystems and, if not properly cleaned and treated, may introduce novel species into new regions. Here we present a set of 5 best-practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine invasive species introduction for microROV operators. These guidelines include: educating ROV users about the causes and potential harm of species invasion; visually inspecting ROVs prior to and at the conclusion of each dive; rinsing ROVs in sterile freshwater following each dive; …
Large-Scale Examination Of Spatio-Temporal Patterns Of Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (Dfads) From Tropical Tuna Fisheries Of The Indian And Atlantic Oceans, Alexandra Maufroy, Emmanuel Chassot, Rocio Joo, David M. Kaplan
Large-Scale Examination Of Spatio-Temporal Patterns Of Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (Dfads) From Tropical Tuna Fisheries Of The Indian And Atlantic Oceans, Alexandra Maufroy, Emmanuel Chassot, Rocio Joo, David M. Kaplan
VIMS Articles
Since the 1990s, massive use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) to aggregate tropical tunas has strongly modified global purse-seine fisheries. For the first time, a large data set of GPS positions from buoys deployed by French purse-seiners to monitor dFADs is analysed to provide information on spatio-temporal patterns of dFAD use in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during 2007-2011. First, we select among four classification methods the model that best separates "at sea" from "on board" buoy positions. A random forest model had the best performance, both in terms of the rate of false "at sea" predictions and the …