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- ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; SUWANNEE RIVER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GULF STURGEON; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; JAMES RIVER; MANAGEMENT; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY (1)
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- Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea; Denitrifying Bacterial Communities; Nitrous-Oxide Production; Nitrosomonas-Europaea; N2O-Producing Pathways; Molecular Diversity; Nitrate Reducers; Genome Sequence; Paddy Soil; Denitrification (1)
- Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea; Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction; Francisco Bay Estuary; Salt-Marsh; Denitrifier Abundance; Bacterial Communities; Marine-Sediments; Diffusion Method; Ribosomal-Rna; Process Rates (1)
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- Arctic Ocean; net primary productivity; model skill assessment; subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum; ocean color model; remote sensing (1)
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- Chesapeake Bay; Organic-Matter; River Estuary; Restoration; Ecosystems; Dynamics; Denitrification; Biodeposition; Consequences; Landscape (1)
- Chlorophyll a · Primary production · Continental shelf · Stratification · Remote sensing · Empirical model (1)
- Clam Ruditapes-Philippinarum; Chesapeake Bay; Mya-Arenaria; Phylogenetic Position; Tagelus-Plebeius; Olseni Protozoa; Genus Perkinsus; Ribosomal-Rna; Decussatus L; Shell Clams (1)
- Cod Gadus-Morhua; Fish Stock Assessment; Georges-Bank; Spatial-Distribution; Atlantic Cod; Hydrographic Variables; California Current; Abundance Indexes; Catchability; Management (1)
- Compound-Specific Delta-C-14; Basin Surface Sediment; Delaware Estuary; Lipid-Composition; C-14 Ams; Carbon; Radiocarbon; Variability; Fractionation; Marine (1)
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- Continental-Shelf; Ecosystems; Saturation; Pacific; Impacts; Carbon (1)
Articles 31 - 60 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Photosynthesis-Irradiance Responses In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: A Meta-Analysis, Walker O. Smith Jr., K. Donaldson
Photosynthesis-Irradiance Responses In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: A Meta-Analysis, Walker O. Smith Jr., K. Donaldson
VIMS Articles
A meta-analysis of photosynthesis-irradiance measurements was completed using data from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, using a total of 417 independent measurements. P-m(B), the maximum, chlorophyll-specific, irradiancesaturated rate of photosynthesis, averaged 1.1 +/- 0.06 mu gC (mu g Chl)(-1) h(-1). Light-limited, chlorophyll-specific photosynthetic rates (alpha(B)) averaged 0.030 +/- 0.023 mu gC (mu g Chl)(-1) h(-1) (mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1))(-1). Significant variations in P-m(B) and alpha(B) were found as a function of season, with spring maximum photosynthetic rates being 60% greater than those in summer. Similarly, alpha values were 48% greater in spring. There was no detectable effect of sampling location …
Risk Characterization For Introduction And Spread Of Multinucleate Sphere X (Msx) In Prince Edward Island, Canada, J Sanchez, Ryan Carnegie, P Warris, J Hill, J Davidson, S. St-Hilaire
Risk Characterization For Introduction And Spread Of Multinucleate Sphere X (Msx) In Prince Edward Island, Canada, J Sanchez, Ryan Carnegie, P Warris, J Hill, J Davidson, S. St-Hilaire
VIMS Articles
Multinucleate Sphere X (MSX) is an important pathogen of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on the east coast of North America. This parasite is currently not present in Prince Edward Island (PEI), but there are concerns that it will spread from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, where it was recently identified. Introduction of MSX to PEI would cause direct losses to the shellfish industry and it would have long-term implications for exports of oysters. The main goal of this study was to assess the risk of introduction and dissemination of MSX, as estimated by the number of movements of commercial oysters …
Characterization And Comparison Of Toxin-Producing Isolates Of Dinophysis Acuminata From New England And Canada, Mm Tong, Juliette L. Smith, M Richlen, Ka Steidinger, Dm Kulis, Et Al.
Characterization And Comparison Of Toxin-Producing Isolates Of Dinophysis Acuminata From New England And Canada, Mm Tong, Juliette L. Smith, M Richlen, Ka Steidinger, Dm Kulis, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Following the identification of the first toxic isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from the northwestern Atlantic, we conducted detailed investigations into the morphology, phylogeny, physiology, and toxigenicity of three isolates from three sites within the northeastern U.S./Canada region: Eel Pond and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and the Bay of Fundy. Another isolate, collected from the Gulf of Mexico, was grown under the same light, temperature, and prey conditions for comparison. Despite observed phenotypic heterogeneity, morphometrics and molecular evidence classified the three northwestern Atlantic isolates as D. acuminata Claparede & Lachmann, whereas the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico was morphologically identified as …
Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics During A Phytoplankton Bloom In The Ross Sea Polynya, By Queste, Kj Heywood, Walker O. Smith Jr., De Kaufman, Td Jickells, Ms Dinniman
Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics During A Phytoplankton Bloom In The Ross Sea Polynya, By Queste, Kj Heywood, Walker O. Smith Jr., De Kaufman, Td Jickells, Ms Dinniman
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea polynya is one of the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean. However, limited access and high spatio-temporal variability of physical and biological processes limit the use of conventional oceanographic methods to measure early season primary productivity. High-resolution observations from two Seagliders provide insights into the timing of a bloom in the southern Ross Sea polynya in December 2010. Changes in chlorophyll and oxygen concentrations are used to assess bloom dynamics. Using a ratio of dissolved oxygen to carbon, net primary production is estimated over the duration of the bloom showing a sensitive balance between net autotrophy …
The Exposed Surface Area To Volume Ratio: Is Shell More Efficient Than Limestone In Promoting Oyster Recruitment?, Km Kuykendall, P Moreno, En Powell, Tm Soniat, S Colley, Roger L. Mann, Dm Munroe
The Exposed Surface Area To Volume Ratio: Is Shell More Efficient Than Limestone In Promoting Oyster Recruitment?, Km Kuykendall, P Moreno, En Powell, Tm Soniat, S Colley, Roger L. Mann, Dm Munroe
VIMS Articles
Planting oyster cultch is a common management approach used to enhance recruitment. The two most popular cultch materials are shell and limestone. Both are sold by volume or weight; however, once deposited on oyster grounds, only a small portion of the total surface area of each particle is available for recruitment. Shell and limestone have different surface area to volume properties, and thus provide differential settlement opportunities. Exposed surface area to volume (expSA/V) ratios of oyster shell and limestone fragments were compared, as an indicator of their recruitment potential and cost-effectiveness for cultch planting. Samples were collected from the Primary …
Iron Supply And Demand In An Antarctic Shelf Ecosystem, Dj Mcgillicuddy, Pn Sedwick, Ms Dinniman, Kr Arrigo, Ts Bibby, Bjw Greenan, Ee Hofmann, Jm Klinck, Walker O. Smith Jr., Sl Mack, Cm Marsay, Bm Sohst, Gl Van Dijken
Iron Supply And Demand In An Antarctic Shelf Ecosystem, Dj Mcgillicuddy, Pn Sedwick, Ms Dinniman, Kr Arrigo, Ts Bibby, Bjw Greenan, Ee Hofmann, Jm Klinck, Walker O. Smith Jr., Sl Mack, Cm Marsay, Bm Sohst, Gl Van Dijken
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea sustains a rich ecosystem and is the most productive sector of the Southern Ocean. Most of this production occurs within a polynya during the November-February period, when the availability of dissolved iron (dFe) is thought to exert the major control on phytoplankton growth. Here we combine new data on the distribution of dFe, high-resolution model simulations of ice melt and regional circulation, and satellite-based estimates of primary production to quantify iron supply and demand over the Ross Sea continental shelf. Our analysis suggests that the largest sources of dFe to the euphotic zone are wintertime mixing and …
In Situ Phytoplankton Distributions In The Amundsen Sea Polynya Measured By Autonomous Gliders, O Schofield, T Miles, Ac Alderkamp, S Lee, C Haskins, E Rogalsky, Rachel E. Sipler, Rm Sherrell, Pl Yager
In Situ Phytoplankton Distributions In The Amundsen Sea Polynya Measured By Autonomous Gliders, O Schofield, T Miles, Ac Alderkamp, S Lee, C Haskins, E Rogalsky, Rachel E. Sipler, Rm Sherrell, Pl Yager
VIMS Articles
The Amundsen Sea Polynya is characterized by large phytoplankton blooms, which makes this region disproportionately important relative to its size for the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. In situ data on phytoplankton are limited, which is problematic given recent reports of sustained change in the Amundsen Sea. During two field expeditions to the Amundsen Sea during austral summer 2010-2011 and 2014, we collected physical and bio-optical data from ships and autonomous underwater gliders. Gliders documented large phytoplankton blooms associated with Antarctic Surface Waters with low salinity surface water and shallow upper mixed layers (< 50 m). High biomass was not always associated with a specific water mass, suggesting the importance of upper mixed depth and light in influencing phytoplankton biomass. Spectral optical backscatter and ship pigment data suggested that the composition of phytoplankton was spatially heterogeneous, with the large blooms dominated by Phaeocystis and non-bloom waters dominated by diatoms. Phytoplankton growth rates estimated from field data (< = 0.10 day(-1)) were at the lower end of the range measured during ship-based incubations, reflecting both in situ nutrient and light limitations. In the bloom waters, phytoplankton biomass was high throughout the 50-m thick upper mixed layer. Those biomass levels, along with the presence of colored dissolved organic matter and detritus, resulted in a euphotic zone that was often < 10 m deep. The net result was that the majority of phytoplankton were light-limited, suggesting that mixing rates within the upper mixed layer were critical to determining the overall productivity; however, regional productivity will ultimately be controlled by water column stability and the depth of the upper mixed layer, which may be enhanced with continued ice melt in the Amundsen Sea Polynya.
Bioavailability Of Surface Dissolved Organic Matter To Aphotic Bacterial Communities In The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica, Rachel E. Sipler, Tl Connelly
Bioavailability Of Surface Dissolved Organic Matter To Aphotic Bacterial Communities In The Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica, Rachel E. Sipler, Tl Connelly
VIMS Articles
Antarctic seas, and particularly the Amundsen Sea Polynya, are some of the most productive oceanic regions on Earth. Ice-algal production during austral spring is followed by open-water pelagic production later in the season. Although ice-free growth accounts for a greater percentage of the annual net primary production, ice algae provide an important source of nutrients to organisms throughout the water column and benthos in areas and seasons when open-water production is insignificant. The objectives of this study were to assess the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM), sourced from ice algae or the chlorophyll maximum (chl max), to marine bacterioplankton …
Vertical Mixing, Critical Depths, And Phytoplankton Growth In The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Rm Jones
Vertical Mixing, Critical Depths, And Phytoplankton Growth In The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Rm Jones
VIMS Articles
Phytoplankton growth and biomass accumulation vary spatially and temporally in the Ross Sea, largely as a function of ice concentrations, vertical mixing depths, and iron concentrations. To assess the role of vertical mixing in bloom initiation, we used a high-resolution numerical model to estimate changes in mixed layer depths from October 1 through early December, the period where phytoplankton growth begins and biomass accumulates, and estimate critical depths for this period. Mixed layers in October ranged from the complete water column (>600 m) to ca. 200 m; over a 60-day period, the mixed layers decreased on average by 70%. …
Projected Impacts Of Climate Warming On The Functional And Phylogenetic Components Of Coastal Mediterranean Fish Biodiversity, C Albouy, F Leprieur, F Le Loc'h, N Mouquet, Cn Meynard, Et Al.
Projected Impacts Of Climate Warming On The Functional And Phylogenetic Components Of Coastal Mediterranean Fish Biodiversity, C Albouy, F Leprieur, F Le Loc'h, N Mouquet, Cn Meynard, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Climate warming affects biodiversity distribution across all ecosystems. However, beyond changes in species richness, impacts on other biodiversity components are still overlooked, particularly in the marine realm. Here we forecasted the potential effect of climate warming on the phylogenetic and functional components of coastal Mediterranean fish biodiversity. To do so, we used species distribution models to project the potential distribution of 230 coastal fish species by the end of the 21st century based on the IPCC A2 scenario implemented with the Mediterranean climatic model NEMOMED8. From these projections, we assessed the changes in phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD) of …
Characterizing The Natural System: Toward Sustained, Integrated Coastal Ocean Acidification Observing Networks To Facilitate Resource Management And Decision Support, Sr Alin, Re Brainard, Nn Price, Ja Newton, A Cohen, Eh Decarlo, Eh Shadwick, Et Al
Characterizing The Natural System: Toward Sustained, Integrated Coastal Ocean Acidification Observing Networks To Facilitate Resource Management And Decision Support, Sr Alin, Re Brainard, Nn Price, Ja Newton, A Cohen, Eh Decarlo, Eh Shadwick, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Coastal ocean ecosystems have always served human populations they provide food security, livelihoods, coastal protection, and defense. Ocean acidification is a global threat to these ecosystem services, particularly when other local and regional stressors combine with it to jeopardize coastal health. Monitoring efforts call for a coordinated global approach toward sustained, integrated coastal ocean health observing networks to address the region-specific mix of factors while also adhering to global ocean acidification observing network principles to facilitate comparison among regions for increased utility and understanding. Here, we generalize guidelines for scoping and designing regional coastal ocean acidification observing networks and provide …
Habitat Context Influences Nitrogen Removal By Restored Oyster Reefs, Ar Smyth, Mf Piehler, Jh Grabowski
Habitat Context Influences Nitrogen Removal By Restored Oyster Reefs, Ar Smyth, Mf Piehler, Jh Grabowski
VIMS Articles
Like many ecosystem functions in marine and terrestrial environments, nutrient processing varies dramatically over small spatial scales, making efforts to apply findings within and across ecosystems challenging. In estuaries, information on the influence of habitat context on sediment nutrient cycling is lacking even though this is an important estuarine function with high societal value. We collected triplicate intact sediment cores from restored oyster reefs located in different habitat contexts (adjacent to salt marshes, seagrass beds and mudflats), as well as salt marshes, seagrass beds and mudflats without reefs (controls). Sediment denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were measured under …
Detection And Diversity Of Copper Containing Nitrite Reductase Genes (Nirk) In Prokaryotic And Fungal Communities Of Agricultural Soils, A Long, Bk Song, K Fridey, A Silva
Detection And Diversity Of Copper Containing Nitrite Reductase Genes (Nirk) In Prokaryotic And Fungal Communities Of Agricultural Soils, A Long, Bk Song, K Fridey, A Silva
VIMS Articles
Microorganisms are capable of producing N-2 and N2O gases as the end products of denitrification. Copper-containing nitrite reductase (NirK), a key enzyme in the microbial N-cycle, has been found in bacteria, archaea and fungi. This study seeks to assess the diversity of nirK genes in the prokaryotic and fungal communities of agricultural soils in the United States. New primers targeting the nirK genes in fungi were developed, while nirK genes in archaea and bacteria were detected using previously published methods. The new primers were able to detect fungal nirK genes as well as bacterial nirK genes from a group that …
Spatiotemporal Overlap Of Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) And Commercial Fisheries In The Northeast Us Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, Skyler R. Sagarese, Michael G. Frisk, Robert M. Cerrato, Kathy A. Sosebee, John Musick, Paul J. Rago
Spatiotemporal Overlap Of Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) And Commercial Fisheries In The Northeast Us Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem, Skyler R. Sagarese, Michael G. Frisk, Robert M. Cerrato, Kathy A. Sosebee, John Musick, Paul J. Rago
VIMS Articles
Commercial fishermen have argued that localized concentrations of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the northeast U.S. shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME) have impeded their fishing operations when monitoring surveys estimated lower relative abundances. Fishery-dependent and -independent data were analyzed simultaneously to examine whether increased spatial overlap between spiny dogfish and commercial fisheries may explain high catches of this species on fishing grounds. Spatial overlap was quantified between spiny dogfish distribution and commercial fisheries from 1989 to 2009 during autumn and spring in the NES LME. Combined, the sink gillnet (SGN) and otter trawl (OT) fisheries accounted for the majority …
Dual Annual Spawning Races In Atlantic Sturgeon, Matthew T. Balazik, John A. Musick
Dual Annual Spawning Races In Atlantic Sturgeon, Matthew T. Balazik, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Acipenseridae) populations in the United States were listed as either endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2012. Because of the endangered/threatened status, a better understanding of Atlantic sturgeon life-history behavior and habitat use is important for effective management. It has been widely documented that Atlantic sturgeon reproduction occurs from late winter to early summer, varying clinally with latitude. However, recent data show Atlantic sturgeon also spawn later in the year. The group that spawns later in the year seems to be completely separate from the spring spawning run. Recognition of the later …
Landscape-Level Variation In Disease Susceptibility Related To Shallow-Water Hypoxia, Denise L. Breitburg, Darryl Hondorp, Corinne Audemard, Ryan Carnegie, Rebecca B. Burrell, Mark Trice, Virginia Clark
Landscape-Level Variation In Disease Susceptibility Related To Shallow-Water Hypoxia, Denise L. Breitburg, Darryl Hondorp, Corinne Audemard, Ryan Carnegie, Rebecca B. Burrell, Mark Trice, Virginia Clark
VIMS Articles
Diel-cycling hypoxia is widespread in shallow portions of estuaries and lagoons, especially in systems with high nutrient loads resulting from human activities. Far less is known about the effects of this form of hypoxia than deeper-water seasonal or persistent low dissolved oxygen. We examined field patterns of diel-cycling hypoxia and used field and laboratory experiments to test its effects on acquisition and progression of Perkinsus marinus infections in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, as well as on oyster growth and filtration. P. marinus infections cause the disease known as Dermo, have been responsible for declines in oyster populations, and have …
Increased Nitrogen Export From Eastern North America To The Atlantic Ocean Due To Climatic And Anthropogenic Changes During 1901-2008, Qichun Yang, Hanqin Tian, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Charles S. Hopkinson, Chaoqun Lu, Raymond G. Najjar
Increased Nitrogen Export From Eastern North America To The Atlantic Ocean Due To Climatic And Anthropogenic Changes During 1901-2008, Qichun Yang, Hanqin Tian, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Charles S. Hopkinson, Chaoqun Lu, Raymond G. Najjar
VIMS Articles
We used a process-based land model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model 2.0, to examine how climatic and anthropogenic changes affected riverine fluxes of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from eastern North America, especially the drainage areas of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) during 1901-2008. Model simulations indicated that annual fluxes of NH4+, NO3-, DON, and PON from the study area during 1980-2008 were 0.0190.003 (mean1 standard deviation) TgNyr(-1), 0.180.035TgNyr(-1), 0.100.016TgNyr(-1), and 0.043 +/- 0.008TgNyr(-1), respectively. NH4+, NO3-, and DON exports increased while PON export decreased …
Settlement, Growth, And Survival Of Eastern Oysters On Alternative Reef Substrates, Seth J. Theuerkauf, Russell P. Burke, Rom Lipcius
Settlement, Growth, And Survival Of Eastern Oysters On Alternative Reef Substrates, Seth J. Theuerkauf, Russell P. Burke, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Restoration of the native eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) has been severely hindered by the dwindling supply and rising costs of fossil and new oyster shell (OS) for use in reef restoration. Consequently, emphasis has shifted to the use of alternative oyster reef materials, which need to be tested for their effectiveness as settlement substrate. Furthermore, low recruitment of wild larvae has also impeded restoration, indicating a need to assess the potential of field setting of cultured larvae. We experimentally examined oyster settlement, growth and survival on unconsolidated OS, vertically embedded oyster shell (ES) in concrete, and concrete Oyster Castles (OC) …
Effects Of Terrestrial–Aquatic Connectivity On An Estuarine Turtle, Robert Isdell, Randolph M. Chambers, Donna M. Bilkovic, Matthias Leu
Effects Of Terrestrial–Aquatic Connectivity On An Estuarine Turtle, Robert Isdell, Randolph M. Chambers, Donna M. Bilkovic, Matthias Leu
VIMS Articles
Estuaries world-wide have been modified or fragmented due to human stressors in their terrestrial and aquatic components. Estuary fragmentation often results in reductions in species richness, diversity and connectivity. Effects of human modification on estuaries have been well studied, but less is known about how land use alters connectivity of the terrestrial–aquatic ecotone. We studied the relationship between terrestrial–aquatic connectivity and the distri- bution of an estuarine turtle, diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin).
Use Of Esi-Fticr-Ms To Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter In Headwater Streams Draining Forest-Dominated And Pasture-Dominated Watersheds, Yuehan Lu, Xiaping Li, Rajaa Mesfioui, James E. Bauer, R M. Chambers, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Patrick Hatcher
Use Of Esi-Fticr-Ms To Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter In Headwater Streams Draining Forest-Dominated And Pasture-Dominated Watersheds, Yuehan Lu, Xiaping Li, Rajaa Mesfioui, James E. Bauer, R M. Chambers, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Patrick Hatcher
VIMS Articles
Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) has proven to be a powerful technique revealing complexity and diversity of natural DOM molecules, but its application to DOM analysis in grazing-impacted agricultural systems remains scarce. In the present study, we presented a case study of using ESI-FTICR-MS in analyzing DOM from four headwater streams draining forest-or pasture-dominated watersheds in Virginia, USA. In all samples, most formulas were CHO compounds (71.8-87.9%), with other molecular series (CHOS, CHON, CHONS, and CHOP (N, S)) accounting for only minor fractions. All samples were dominated by molecules falling in the lignin-like region (H/C …
A Framework For Quantifying The Magnitude And Variability Of Community Responses To Global Change Drivers, Meghan L. Avolio, Kimberly J. La Pierre, Gregory R. Houseman, Sally E. Koerner, Emily Grman, Forest Isbell, David S. Johnson, Kevin R. Wilcox
A Framework For Quantifying The Magnitude And Variability Of Community Responses To Global Change Drivers, Meghan L. Avolio, Kimberly J. La Pierre, Gregory R. Houseman, Sally E. Koerner, Emily Grman, Forest Isbell, David S. Johnson, Kevin R. Wilcox
VIMS Articles
A major challenge in global change ecology is to predict the trajectory and magnitude of community change in response to global change drivers (GCDs). Here, we present a new framework that not only increases the predictive power of individual studies, but also allows for synthesis across GCD studies and ecosystems. First, we suggest that by quantifying community dissimilarity of replicates both among and within treatments, we can infer both the magnitude and predictability of community change, respectively. Second, we demonstrate the utility of integrating rank abundance curves with measures of community dissimilarity to understand the species-level dynamics driving community changes …
Behavioral Immunity Suppresses An Epizootic In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Thomas W. Dolan, Ja Moss, Jeffrey D. Shields
Behavioral Immunity Suppresses An Epizootic In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mark J. Butler, Donald C. Behringer, Thomas W. Dolan, Ja Moss, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Sociality has evolved in a wide range of animal taxa but infectious diseases spread rapidly in populations of aggregated individuals, potentially negating the advantages of their social interactions. To disengage from the coevolutionary struggle with pathogens, some hosts have evolved various forms of "behavioral immunity"; yet, the effectiveness of such behaviors in controlling epizootics in the wild is untested. Here we show how one form of behavioral immunity (i.e., the aversion of diseased conspecifics) practiced by Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) when subject to the socially transmitted PaV1 virus, appears to have prevented an epizootic over a large seascape. We …
Drivers Of Daily Routines In An Ectothermic Marine Predator: Hunt Warm, Rest Warmer?, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Darcy Bradley, Laura E. Dee, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Jennifer E. Caselle
Drivers Of Daily Routines In An Ectothermic Marine Predator: Hunt Warm, Rest Warmer?, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Darcy Bradley, Laura E. Dee, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Jennifer E. Caselle
VIMS Articles
Animal daily routines represent a compromise between maximizing foraging success and optimizing physiological performance, while minimizing the risk of predation. For ectothermic predators, ambient temperature may also influence daily routines through its effects on physiological performance. Temperatures can fluctuate significantly over the diel cycle and ectotherms may synchronize behaviour tomatch thermal regimes in order to optimize fitness. We used bio-logging to quantify activity and body temperature of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at a tropical atoll. Behavioural observations were used to concurrently measure bite rates in herbivorous reef fishes, as an index of activity for potential diurnal prey. Sharks showed …
Biodiversity Enhances Ecosystem Multifunctionality Across Trophic Levels And Habitats, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Forest Isbell, Lars Gamfeldt, John N. Griffin, Nico Esienhaur, Marc J.S. Hensel, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy
Biodiversity Enhances Ecosystem Multifunctionality Across Trophic Levels And Habitats, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Forest Isbell, Lars Gamfeldt, John N. Griffin, Nico Esienhaur, Marc J.S. Hensel, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
The importance of biodiversity for the integrated functioning of ecosystems remains unclear because most evidence comes from analyses of biodiversity's effect on individual functions. Here we show that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function become more important as more functions are considered. We present the first systematic investigation of biodiversity's effect on ecosystem multifunctionality across multiple taxa, trophic levels and habitats using a comprehensive database of 94 manipulations of species richness. We show that species-rich communities maintained multiple functions at higher levels than depauperate ones. These effects were stronger for herbivore biodiversity than for plant biodiversity, and were remarkably …
Ontogenetic And Sex-Specific Shifts In The Feeding Habits Of The Barndoor Skate, Joseph D. Schmitt, Todd Gedamke, William D. Dupaul, John A. Musick
Ontogenetic And Sex-Specific Shifts In The Feeding Habits Of The Barndoor Skate, Joseph D. Schmitt, Todd Gedamke, William D. Dupaul, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Diet analysis is critical in understanding the flow of energy within marine food webs and is necessary for trophic ecosystem modeling and subsequent ecosystem-based management recommendations. This study represents the first comprehensive diet description for the Barndoor Skate Dipturus laevis, the largest rajid species found on the continental shelf in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Stomach contents were extracted from 273 individual skate caught as bycatch in the commercial scallop fishery on Georges Bank and a total of 31 prey species were identified. The Barndoor Skate feeds primarily upon sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa, the rock crab Cancer irroratus, the Acadian hermit …
An Assessment Of Phytoplankton Primary Productivity In The Arctic Ocean From Satellite Ocean Color/In Situ Chlorophyll-A Based Models, Younjoo J. Lee, Et Al., Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
An Assessment Of Phytoplankton Primary Productivity In The Arctic Ocean From Satellite Ocean Color/In Situ Chlorophyll-A Based Models, Younjoo J. Lee, Et Al., Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to uncertainties in surface chlorophyll, generally performing better with in situ chlorophyll than with satellite-derived values. They were much less sensitive to uncertainties in PAR, SST, and MLD, possibly due to relatively narrow ranges of input data and/or relatively little difference between input data sources. Regardless of type or complexity, most …
Chesapeake Bay Nitrogen Fluxes Derived From A Land-Estuarine Ocean Biogeochemical Modeling System: Model Description, Evaluation, And Nitrogen Budgets, Yang Feng, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, John Wilkin, Hanqin Tian, Qichun Yang, Eileen E. Hofmann, Jerry D. Wiggert, Raleigh Hood
Chesapeake Bay Nitrogen Fluxes Derived From A Land-Estuarine Ocean Biogeochemical Modeling System: Model Description, Evaluation, And Nitrogen Budgets, Yang Feng, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, John Wilkin, Hanqin Tian, Qichun Yang, Eileen E. Hofmann, Jerry D. Wiggert, Raleigh Hood
VIMS Articles
The Chesapeake Bay plays an important role in transforming riverine nutrients before they are exported to the adjacent continental shelf. Although the mean nitrogen budget of the Chesapeake Bay has been previously estimated from observations, uncertainties associated with interannually varying hydrological conditions remain. In this study, a land-estuarine-ocean biogeochemical modeling system is developed to quantify Chesapeake riverine nitrogen inputs, within-estuary nitrogen transformation processes and the ultimate export of nitrogen to the coastal ocean. Model skill was evaluated using extensive in situ and satellite-derived data, and a simulation using environmental conditions for 2001-2005 was conducted to quantify the Chesapeake Bay nitrogen …
Estimating The Sex Composition Of The Summer Flounder Catch Using Fishery-Independent Data, Jason M. Morson, Eleanor A. Bochenek, Eric N. Powell, Emerson C. Hasbrouck, Jennifer E. Gius, Charles F. Cotton, Kristin Gerbino, Tara Froehlich
Estimating The Sex Composition Of The Summer Flounder Catch Using Fishery-Independent Data, Jason M. Morson, Eleanor A. Bochenek, Eric N. Powell, Emerson C. Hasbrouck, Jennifer E. Gius, Charles F. Cotton, Kristin Gerbino, Tara Froehlich
VIMS Articles
Models that account for sex-specific behavior and population dynamics are becoming more common in the stock assessment of sexually dimorphic fishes. However, such models can be data intensive and require some knowledge or assumptions about the sex ratio of fishery landings. A recent stock assessment review of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus identified the need to account for sex-specific fishing mortality in the assessment model; however, no data on the sex composition of the catch were available. Fishery-independent, sex-specific information for this species is collected annually by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northeast Fisheries Science Center during their bottom trawl survey. …
Umbrella Species In Marine Systems: Using The Endangered Humphead Wrasse To Conserve Coral Reefs, Kevin C. Weng, Martin W. Pedersen, Gen A. Del Raye, Jennifer E. Caselle, Andrew E. Gray
Umbrella Species In Marine Systems: Using The Endangered Humphead Wrasse To Conserve Coral Reefs, Kevin C. Weng, Martin W. Pedersen, Gen A. Del Raye, Jennifer E. Caselle, Andrew E. Gray
VIMS Articles
Extinction risk is closely tied to body size, home range, and species distribution. Quantifying home range is critical for conservation, and can enable the use of concepts such as 'umbrella species', whose conservation protects other species due to shared habitat. To determine the value of the humphead wrasse as an umbrella species for coral reef conservation, we conducted a multi-year study of humphead wrasse home range at Palmyra Atoll, Central Tropical Pacific, tagging juvenile, female, and male individuals with acoustic transmitters. We quantified home range using 2 metrics, length and area, and determined if these metrics were related to the …
Choosing And Using Multiple Traits In Functional Diversity Research, Js Lefcheck, Vag Bastazini, Jn Griffin
Choosing And Using Multiple Traits In Functional Diversity Research, Js Lefcheck, Vag Bastazini, Jn Griffin
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.