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Abstracts Of Technical Papers Presented At The 103rd Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association Baltimore, Maryland March 27–31, 2011, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Technical Papers Presented At The 103rd Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association Baltimore, Maryland March 27–31, 2011, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Dietary Metal And Macro-Nutrient Intakes Of Juvenile Lemon Sharks Determined From The Nutritional Composition Of Prey Items, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Steven P. Newman, Kristene T. Parsons, Et Al
Dietary Metal And Macro-Nutrient Intakes Of Juvenile Lemon Sharks Determined From The Nutritional Composition Of Prey Items, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Steven P. Newman, Kristene T. Parsons, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The trace element requirements of sharks are poorly understood and the dietary intake of metals from prey items in wild sharks has not been measured. In this study whole prey of nursery bound juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris, from Bimini, Bahamas were analysed for carcass total protein, lipids, carbohydrates, ash content, energy, and elemental composition. Metal analysis included 415 prey items from 18 species (fish: Atherinidae, Belonidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Sphyraenidae; decapod crustaceans: Penaeidae, Portunidae). There were some seasonal and location effects (North Sound versus South Bimini shark nurseries), but overall prey metal concentrations were broadly similar to …
Postrelease Survival, Vertical And Horizontal Movements, And Thermal Habitats Of Five Species Of Pelagic Sharks In The Central Pacific Ocean, Michael K. Musyl, Richard Brill, Daniel S. Curran, Nuno M. Fragoso, Lianne Mcnaughton, Anders Nielsen, Bert S. Kikkawa, Christopher D. Moyes
Postrelease Survival, Vertical And Horizontal Movements, And Thermal Habitats Of Five Species Of Pelagic Sharks In The Central Pacific Ocean, Michael K. Musyl, Richard Brill, Daniel S. Curran, Nuno M. Fragoso, Lianne Mcnaughton, Anders Nielsen, Bert S. Kikkawa, Christopher D. Moyes
VIMS Articles
From 2001 to 2006, 71 pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on five species of pelagic shark (blue shark [Prionace glauca]; shortfin mako [Isurus oxyrinchus]; silky shark [Carcharhinus falciformis]; oceanic whitetip shark [C. longimanus]; and bigeye thresher [Alopias superciliosus]) in the central Pacific Ocean to determine speciesspecific movement patterns and survival rates after release from longline fishing gear. Only a single postrelease mortality could be unequivocally documented: a male blue shark which succumbed seven days after release. Meta-analysis of published reports and the current study (n=78 reporting PSATs) indicated that the summary effect of postrelease mortality for blue sharks …
Sailfish Habitat Utilization And Vertical Movements In The Southern Gulf Of Mexico And Florida Straits, David W. Kerstetter, Shannon M. Bayse, Jenny L. Fenton, John Graves
Sailfish Habitat Utilization And Vertical Movements In The Southern Gulf Of Mexico And Florida Straits, David W. Kerstetter, Shannon M. Bayse, Jenny L. Fenton, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on 19 sailfish Istiophorus platypterus captured in the southern Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits between 2005 and 2007 on commercial pelagic longline gear (n = 18) and recreational rod-and-reel gear (n = 1). The data from three tags indicated mortality events and were excluded from subsequent analyses. All PSATs were programmed to collect pressure (depth), temperature, and light-level data for 10 d at approximately 90-s intervals. These transmitted point data subsequently allowed the reconstruction of vertical movement patterns. The remaining 16 PSAT data sets indicate that sailfish are primarily associated with the …
The Influence Of An Innovative Locomotor Strategy On The Phenotypic Diversification Of Triggerfish (Family: Balistidae), A Dornburg, B Sidlauskas, F Santini, L Sorenson, Tj Near, Me Alfaro
The Influence Of An Innovative Locomotor Strategy On The Phenotypic Diversification Of Triggerfish (Family: Balistidae), A Dornburg, B Sidlauskas, F Santini, L Sorenson, Tj Near, Me Alfaro
VIMS Articles
Innovations in locomotor morphology have been invoked as important drivers of vertebrate diversification, although the influence of novel locomotion strategies on marine fish diversification remains largely unexplored. Using triggerfish as a case study, we determine whether the evolution of the distinctive synchronization of enlarged dorsal and anal fins that triggerfish use to swim may have catalyzed the ecological diversification of the group. By adopting a comparative phylogenetic approach to quantify median fin and body shape integration and to assess the tempo of functional and morphological evolution in locomotor traits, we find that: (1) functional and morphological components of the locomotive …
Regional Variation In The Annual Feeding Cycle Of Juvenile Walleye Pollock (Theragra Chalcogramma) In The Western Gulf Of Alaska, Matthew T. Wilson, Andre Buchheister, Christina M. Jump
Regional Variation In The Annual Feeding Cycle Of Juvenile Walleye Pollock (Theragra Chalcogramma) In The Western Gulf Of Alaska, Matthew T. Wilson, Andre Buchheister, Christina M. Jump
VIMS Articles
Juvenile fish in temperate coastal oceans exhibit an annual cycle of feeding, and within this cycle, poor wintertime feeding can reduce body growth, condition, and perhaps survival, especially in food-poor areas. We examined the stomach contents of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to explain previously observed seasonal and regional variation in juvenile body condition. Juvenile walleye pollock (1732 fish, 37-250 mm standard length) of the 2000 year class were collected from three regions in the Gulf of Alaska (Kodiak, Semidi, and Shumagin) representing an area of the continental shelf of ca. 100,000 km(2) during four seasons (August 2000 to September …
Comparative Metabolic Rates Of Common Western North Atlantic Ocean Sciaenid Fishes, A. Z. Horodysky, R. W. Brill, P. G. Bushnell, Jack A. Musick, R. J. Latour
Comparative Metabolic Rates Of Common Western North Atlantic Ocean Sciaenid Fishes, A. Z. Horodysky, R. W. Brill, P. G. Bushnell, Jack A. Musick, R. J. Latour
VIMS Articles
The resting metabolic rates (R ) of western North Atlantic Ocean sciaenids, such as Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, spot Leiostomus xanthurus and kingfishes Menticirrhus spp., as well as the active metabolic rates (R ) of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were investigated to facilitate inter and intraspecific comparisons of their energetic ecology. The R of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were typical for fishes with similar lifestyles. The R of Menticirrhus spp. were elevated relative to those of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus, but below those of high-energy-demand species such as tunas Thunnus spp. and dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus. Repeated-measures non-linear …
Sea Turtles As Potential Dispersal Vectors For Non-Indigenous Species: The Veined Rapa Whelk As An Epibiont Of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Jm Harding, Wj Walton, Cm Trapani, Mj Frick, Roger L. Mann
Sea Turtles As Potential Dispersal Vectors For Non-Indigenous Species: The Veined Rapa Whelk As An Epibiont Of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Jm Harding, Wj Walton, Cm Trapani, Mj Frick, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
We present the first record of Rapana venosa (Veined Rapa Whelk) as an epibiont of Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) and the first observation of rapa whelks in the South Atlantic Bight, USA. Veined Rapa Whelks are invasive shellfish predators. The only known North American population of Veined Rapa Whelks is in the southern Chesapeake Bay. Collections of Veined Rapa Whelks as epibionts on Loggerhead Sea Turtles from Norfolk, VA and Wassaw Island, GA present a previously undescribed vector for whelk range expansion to widely separated coastal habitats. In October 2008, a live juvenile Loggerhead stranded near Norfolk, VA with …
Climate-Related Hydrological Regimes And Their Effects On Abundance Of Juvenile Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus) In The Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Guillermo Sanchez-Rubio, Harriet M. Perry, Patricia M. Biesiot, Donald R. Johnson, Rom Lipcius
Climate-Related Hydrological Regimes And Their Effects On Abundance Of Juvenile Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus) In The Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Guillermo Sanchez-Rubio, Harriet M. Perry, Patricia M. Biesiot, Donald R. Johnson, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
The abundance of juvenile blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico was investigated in response to climate-related hydrological regimes. Two distinct periods of blue crab abundance (1, 1973-94 and 2, 1997-2005) were associated with two opposite climate-related hydrological regimes. Period 1 was characterized by high numbers of crabs, whereas period 2 was characterized by low numbers of crabs. The cold phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and high north-south wind momentum were associated with period 1. Hydrological conditions associated with phases of the AMO and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in conjunction with the north-south wind momentum …
An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Behavior On The Efficacy Of Crab Pots As A Tool For Estimating Population Abundance, Samuel Kersey Sturdivant, Kl Clark
An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Behavior On The Efficacy Of Crab Pots As A Tool For Estimating Population Abundance, Samuel Kersey Sturdivant, Kl Clark
VIMS Articles
Crab traps have been used extensively in studies on the population dynamics of blue crabs to provide estimates of catch per unit of effort; however, these estimates have been determined without adequate consideration of escape rates. We examined the ability of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) to escape crab pots and the possibility that intraspecific crab interactions have an effect on catch rates. Approximately 85% of crabs that entered a pot escaped, and 83% of crabs escaped from the bait chamber (kitchen). Blue crabs exhibited few aggressive behavioral interactions in and around the crab pot and were documented to move …
Lessons Learned From Efforts To Restore Oyster Populations In Maryland And Virginia, 1990 To 2007, Vs Kennedy, Dl Breitburg, Mc Christman, Mark Luckenbach, Kennedy Paynter, J Kramer, Kevin Sellner, J Dew-Baxter, C Keller, Roger L. Mann
Lessons Learned From Efforts To Restore Oyster Populations In Maryland And Virginia, 1990 To 2007, Vs Kennedy, Dl Breitburg, Mc Christman, Mark Luckenbach, Kennedy Paynter, J Kramer, Kevin Sellner, J Dew-Baxter, C Keller, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
A century-long decline of the fishery for the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in Maryland and Virginia stimulated numerous efforts by federal, state, and nongovernmental agencies to restore oyster populations, with limited success. To learn from recent efforts, we analyzed records of restoration and monitoring activities undertaken between 1990 and 2007 by 12 such agencies. Of the 1,037 oyster bars (reefs, beds, or grounds) for which we obtained data, 43% experienced both restoration and monitoring, with the remaining experiencing either restoration or monitoring only. Restoration activities involved adding substrate (shell), transplanting hatchery or wild seed (juvenile oysters), bar cleaning, …
Genetic Diversity In U.S. Hatchery Stocks Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) And Comparison With Natural Populations In Asia, Jie Xiao, Jan F. Cordes, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
Genetic Diversity In U.S. Hatchery Stocks Of Crassostrea Ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) And Comparison With Natural Populations In Asia, Jie Xiao, Jan F. Cordes, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Although several different U.S. hatchery stocks of the Asian Suminoe oyster Crassosirea ariakensis were used in laboratory and field trials assessing performance, and in comparative studies with the native oyster Crassostrea virginica, the genetic composition of these hatchery stocks has not yet been examined comprehensively. Using eight microsatellite markers we investigated the genetic variability among five hatchery stocks and compared the genetic makeup of these stocks with 8 wild populations from Asia. Results showed significant genetic differentiation among the 5 hatchery stocks that was 6-fold larger than that observed among wild populations. A significant reduction in genetic diversity was observed …
Observations On The Early Life History And Growth Rates Of Juvenile Channel Whelks Busycotypus Canaliculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Juliana Harding
Observations On The Early Life History And Growth Rates Of Juvenile Channel Whelks Busycotypus Canaliculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Juliana Harding
VIMS Articles
Channel whelks (Busycotypus canaliculatus) were cultured from hatch through 171 days to describe the early life history and growth rates of juveniles. Whelks began to hatch at water temperatures of 15-18 degrees C. Channel whelks grew quickly from average shell lengths (SL) at hatch of 3.8 mm (SE = 0.1) to an average of 48.4 mm SL (SE = 1.3, n = 42 individuals) at 171 days post-hatch. The largest individual reached 53.2 mm SL, a gain of similar to 49.4 mm SL in 171 days, with a growth rate of 0.29 mm/day. Juvenile whelks readily consumed oyster (Crassostrea virginica) …
Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera Bonasus) Predation Relative To Bivalve Ontogeny, Robert A. Fisher, Garrett C. Call, Rochelle Grubbs
Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera Bonasus) Predation Relative To Bivalve Ontogeny, Robert A. Fisher, Garrett C. Call, Rochelle Grubbs
VIMS Articles
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815), to manipulate oysters and clams, to test for relative prey preference, and to investigate whether susceptibility to cownose ray predation changes with bivalve ontogeny. We investigated patterns of predation for captive adult and young-of-year cownose rays on 4 species of bivalves, including Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), Crassostrea ariakensis (Fujita, 1913), Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), and Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758. In oyster (C. virginica) trials, predation probabilities by adult rays were highest at shell heights of 30-70 mm and shell depths of 8-22 …
Performance Of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags, M. K. Musyl, M. L. Domeier, N. Nasby-Lucas, Richard Brill
Performance Of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags, M. K. Musyl, M. L. Domeier, N. Nasby-Lucas, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are used to chronicle or 'archive' the habitat preferences, horizontal and vertical movements, fishery interaction, and post-release mortality rates of a variety of pelagic animals. Though PSATs are valuable research tools, lower-than-expected reporting rates, early detachment, and incomplete data return remain problematic. These issues were quantified by analysis of reporting rates, retention times (i.e. the time period PSATs remained attached), and the quantity of depth, temperature, and geolocation data returned from 731 PSAT deployments on 19 species in the authors' database and 1433 PSAT deployments on 24 species taken from 53 published articles. The reporting …
Escaping Paradise: Larval Export From Hawaii In An Indo-Pacific Reef Fish, The Yellow Tang Zebrasoma Flavescens, Jeff A. Eble, Robert J. Toonen, Laurie Sorenson, Larry V. Basch
Escaping Paradise: Larval Export From Hawaii In An Indo-Pacific Reef Fish, The Yellow Tang Zebrasoma Flavescens, Jeff A. Eble, Robert J. Toonen, Laurie Sorenson, Larry V. Basch
VIMS Articles
The depauperate marine ecosystems of the Hawaiian Archipelago share a high proportion of species with the southern and western Pacific, indicating historical and/or ongoing connections across the large oceanic expanse separating Hawaii from its nearest neighbors. The rate and direction of these interactions are, however, unknown. While previous biogeographic studies have consistently described Hawaii as a diversity sink, prevailing currents likely offer opportunities for larval export. To assess interactions between the remote reefs of the Hawaiian Archipelago and the species-rich communities of the Central and West Pacific, we surveyed 14 nuclear microsatellite loci (nDNA, n = 857) and a 614 …
Catchability Of Pelagic Trawls For Sampling Deep-Living Nekton In The Mid-North Atlantic, M Heino, Fm Porteiro, Tt Sutton, T Falkenhaug, Or Godo
Catchability Of Pelagic Trawls For Sampling Deep-Living Nekton In The Mid-North Atlantic, M Heino, Fm Porteiro, Tt Sutton, T Falkenhaug, Or Godo
VIMS Articles
Material collected in summer 2004 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Iceland and the Azores with three pelagic trawls was used to estimate relative catchabilities of common fish, cephalopod, decapod, and jellyfish species. Catchability is defined as the ratio of numbers caught between two trawls, standardized for towed distance. Taxon-specific catchability coefficients were estimated for two large pelagic trawls with graded meshes, using a smaller pelagic trawl with a uniform mesh size as the reference trawl. Two of the trawls were equipped with multiple opening-closing codends that allowed sampling of different depth layers. Generalized linear and mixed models suggest that most …