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- Copepods; food quality; absorption efficiency; diet mixing; fatty acid composition (1)
- DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE NITROGEN; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVERINE HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM CATENELLA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (1)
- ESL Publications (1)
- Eastern Oyster; Crassostrea; Crassostrea Virginica; Crassostrea Ariakensis; Deby Strain; Growth Rates; Height-At-Age; Chesapeake Bay; Triploid (1)
- Eutrophication · Coastal bay · Lagoon ·Nitrogen · Phosphorus · Seagrass · Macroalgae ·Phytoplankton (1)
- Hematodinium; Callinectes Sapidus; Pcr-Rflp; Dna Probe (1)
- Northern Quahog; Mercenaria Mercenaria; Hard Clam; Age At Length Relationship; Growth; Annual Growth Increment; Water Temperature (1)
- Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; Restoration; Fisheries Management; Recruitment; Mortality; Shell Budgets (1)
- Oyster; hypoxia; filter-feeders; phytoplankton blooms (1)
- Polymerase-Chain-Reaction; Thunnus-albacares; Gut Contents (1)
- Qpx; Quahog Hard Clam; Mercenaria; Parasite; Disease; Genetics; Environment; Aquaculture (1)
- Veined Rapa Whelks; Rapana Venosa; Fecundity; Egg Case; Embryo; Parental Size; Muricid; Allometry (1)
- Warmwater fishes; Marine animals; Climate change; Chesapeake Bay (Md. & Va.); Maryland; Virginia; Blue crab (1)
- Zostera marina; top-down processes; bottom-up processes; mesograzers; nutrient loading (1)
Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Eutrophication In Shallow Coastal Bays And Lagoons: The Role Of Plants In The Coastal Filter, Karen J. Mcglathery, Kristina Sundback, Iris C. Anderson
Eutrophication In Shallow Coastal Bays And Lagoons: The Role Of Plants In The Coastal Filter, Karen J. Mcglathery, Kristina Sundback, Iris C. Anderson
VIMS Articles
Nutrient loading to coastal bay ecosystems is of a similar magnitude as that to deeper, river-fed estuaries, yet our understanding of the eutrophication process in these shallow systems lags far behind. In this synthesis, we focus on one type of biotic feedback that influences eutrophication patterns in coastal bays — the important role of primary producers in the ‘coastal filter’. We discuss the 2 aspects of plant-mediated nutrient cycling as eutrophication induces a shift in primary producer dominance: (1) the fate of nutrients bound in plant biomass, and (2) the effects of primary producers on biogeochemical processes that influence nutrient …
Specific Identification Of Western Atlantic Ocean Scombrids Using Mitochondrial Dna Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (Coi) Gene Region Sequences, Ma Paine, Jan Mcdowell, John E. Graves
Specific Identification Of Western Atlantic Ocean Scombrids Using Mitochondrial Dna Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (Coi) Gene Region Sequences, Ma Paine, Jan Mcdowell, John E. Graves
VIMS Articles
Identification of scombrids (tunas, mackerels, bonitos, etc.) is difficult when morphological characters are ambiguous or missing, such as with early life history stages or tissues found in the stomachs of predators. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was evaluated as a molecular marker for the specific identification of the 17 members of the family Scombridae common to the western Atlantic Ocean. A 950 base pair region in the COI gene was sequenced from up to 20 individuals of each species, and suites of nucleotide polymorphisms that unambiguously distinguish among these scombrid species were identified. A shorter …
Biodiversity And Food Web Structure Influence Short-Term Accumulation Of Sediment Organic Matter In An Experimental Seagrass System, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Ac Spivak, Ej Waterson, Je Duffy
Biodiversity And Food Web Structure Influence Short-Term Accumulation Of Sediment Organic Matter In An Experimental Seagrass System, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Ac Spivak, Ej Waterson, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
We tested the effects of grazer diversity and food chain length on the quantity and quality of accumulated sediment organic matter (SOM) in experimental eelgrass (Zostera marina) mesocosms. By use of a factorial manipulation of crustacean grazer species richness and predator presence, we examined the effects of epibenthic consumers on SOM composition by using stable carbon isotopes (delta C-13) and lipid biomarker compounds. Grazer species composition strongly influenced nearly all measures of SOM quantity and quality. In particular, increased densities of the grazing amphipod, Gammarus mucronatus, decreased accumulation of benthic microalgae (chlorophyll a) and the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty …
Assessment Of Skill And Portability In Regional Marine Biogeochemical Models: Role Of Multiple Planktonic Groups, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Et Al.
Assessment Of Skill And Portability In Regional Marine Biogeochemical Models: Role Of Multiple Planktonic Groups, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
[1] Application of biogeochemical models to the study of marine ecosystems is pervasive, yet objective quantification of these models' performance is rare. Here, 12 lower trophic level models of varying complexity are objectively assessed in two distinct regions (equatorial Pacific and Arabian Sea). Each model was run within an identical one-dimensional physical framework. A consistent variational adjoint implementation assimilating chlorophyll-a, nitrate, export, and primary productivity was applied and the same metrics were used to assess model skill. Experiments were performed in which data were assimilated from each site individually and from both sites simultaneously. A cross-validation experiment was also conducted …
Comparison Of Growth Rates Between Diploid Deby Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica, Gmelin 1791), Triploid Eastern Oysters, And Triploid Suminoe Oysters (C. Ariakensis, Fugita 1913), Juliana Harding
VIMS Articles
Oyster size and morphology affect individual oyster physiology, reproductive biology, and habitat production as well as population ecological services and availability for commercial harvest. Options for oyster restoration and fishery facilitation for eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations in the Chesapeake Bay include the use of disease resistant diploid eastern oysters (DEBY strain), triploid eastern oysters, and triploid Suminoe oysters (Crassostrea ariakensis) with the objective of providing a marketable product in a reasonable time frame. Shell height-at-age, growth in shell height in relation to environmental conditions, ontogenetic changes in morphology, and changes in biomass for groups of triploid Suminoe, triploid eastern, …
Top-Down Control Of Phytoplankton By Oysters In Chesapeake Bay, Usa: Reply To Newell Et Al. (2007), Lawrence R. Pomeroy, Christopher F. D'Elia, Linda C. Schaffner
Top-Down Control Of Phytoplankton By Oysters In Chesapeake Bay, Usa: Reply To Newell Et Al. (2007), Lawrence R. Pomeroy, Christopher F. D'Elia, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Articles
Recently published models, which allow for spatial and temporal matching of oyster and phytoplankton populations in mainstream Chesapeake Bay, support the conclusion of Pomeroy et al. (2006; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 325:301-309) that oysters cannot, and could not, control the spring blooms that are the ultimate cause of summer hypoxia. We enlarge upon our earlier exposition of how top-down and bottom-up processes interact in Chesapeake Bay to permit the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms in spring, but not in summer.
Don As A Source Of Bioavailable Nitrogen For Phytoplankton, D. A. Bronk, J. H. See, P. Bradley, L. Killberg
Don As A Source Of Bioavailable Nitrogen For Phytoplankton, D. A. Bronk, J. H. See, P. Bradley, L. Killberg
VIMS Articles
Relative to inorganic nitrogen, concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen ( DON) are often high, even in regions believed to be nitrogen-limited. The persistence of these high concentrations led to the view that the DON pool was largely refractory and therefore unimportant to plankton nutrition. Any DON that was utilized was believed to fuel bacterial production. More recent work, however, indicates that fluxes into and out of the DON pool can be large, and that the constancy in concentration is a function of tightly coupled production and consumption processes. Evidence is also accumulating which indicates that phytoplankton, including a number of …
The Effects Of Female Size On Fecundity In A Large Marine Gastropod Rapana Venosa (Muricidae), Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann, Catherine W. Kilduff
The Effects Of Female Size On Fecundity In A Large Marine Gastropod Rapana Venosa (Muricidae), Juliana M. Harding, Roger L. Mann, Catherine W. Kilduff
VIMS Articles
The life history strategy of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa, a temperate marine gastropod, includes generation times of 1 y, individual longevity of > 10 y, annual production of egg cases, and an adult size range of 40 to > 160 mm shell length (SL). This life history combined with the animal's generalist ecological preferences and broad physiological tolerances makes rapa whelks well suited for ecological success along a gradient of habitat and community types. Ballast water transport of veliger larvae across traditional zoogeographic boundaries has resulted in the establishment of invasive rapa whelk populations in Chesapeake Bay, USA, as well …
Sediment Pumping By Tidal Asymmetry In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Malcolm Scully, Carl T. Friedrichs
Sediment Pumping By Tidal Asymmetry In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Malcolm Scully, Carl T. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
[1] Observations collected at two laterally adjacent locations are used to examine the processes driving sediment transport in the partially mixed York River Estuary. Estimates of sediment flux are decomposed into advective and pumping components, to evaluate the importance of tidal asymmetries in turbulent mixing. At the instrumented location in the estuarine channel, a strong asymmetry in internal mixing due to tidal straining is documented, with higher values of eddy viscosity occurring during the less-stratified flood tide. As a result of this asymmetry, more sediment is resuspended during the flood phase of the tide resulting in up-estuary pumping of sediment …
Supplemental Effects Of Diet Mixing On Absorption Of Ingested Organic Carbon In The Marine Copepod Acartia Tonsa, Peter Thor, Marja Koski, Kam W. Tang, Sigrun H. Jonasdottir
Supplemental Effects Of Diet Mixing On Absorption Of Ingested Organic Carbon In The Marine Copepod Acartia Tonsa, Peter Thor, Marja Koski, Kam W. Tang, Sigrun H. Jonasdottir
VIMS Articles
We investigated increased carbon absorption efficiencies (AEs) as a possible cause for positive effects of diet mixing on copepod egg production rates (EPRs) and hatching success (EHS). Female Acartia tonsa were fed C-14/Cr-51 dual-labelled Dunaliella tertiolecta (Dun), Amphidinium carterae (Amp), Phaeocystis globosa (Pha), and 3 pairwise 1: 1 mixes of the 3 diets. AEs, derived from the ratios of labels in algae and copepod faecal pellets, were 44% on Dun, 37% on Amp, and 49% on Pha, but increased significantly to 61% on Dun + Amp. As a result, EPRs remained low in all tested diets except for Dun + …
Comparison Of Plankton Catch By Three Light-Trap Designs In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Richard F. Shaw, Joseph S. Cope, G. Joan Holt, Et Al
Comparison Of Plankton Catch By Three Light-Trap Designs In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Richard F. Shaw, Joseph S. Cope, G. Joan Holt, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The ichthyoplankton catch and zooplankton biomass estimates of three light-trap designs-cylindrical, quatrefoil, and rectangular-were compared over three consecutive nights at an offshore petroleum platform in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The quatrefoil light trap had higher fish and zooplankton abundance estimates than the other two designs. Categorical analysis of the two abundant fish taxa, Opisthonema oglinum and Anchoa spp., indicated that catch by the quatrefoil and rectangular traps was similar, capturing more larvae than juveniles and more O. oglinum than Anchoa spp. relative to cylindrical trap catch. Across all fish species, the quatrefoil captured a greater percentage of larvae. Other …
Predation Of Cockles (Cerastoderma Edule) By The Whelk (Buccinum Undatum) Under Laboratory Conditions, Jws Scolding, Ca Richardson, Mw Luckenbach
Predation Of Cockles (Cerastoderma Edule) By The Whelk (Buccinum Undatum) Under Laboratory Conditions, Jws Scolding, Ca Richardson, Mw Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
The feeding rate and behaviour of whelks (Buccinum undatum) offered cockles (Cerastoderma edule) in laboratory experiments were examined. When presented with cockles in a range of sizes (10–40 mm), 14 B. undatum (34.6–88.3 mm), held individually in aquaria, consumed a wide size range of cockles. Small whelks (<40 >mm) consumed cockles (<23 >mm), whereas large whelks, (>60 mm) ate a greater number of larger cockles (>30 mm) and a wider size range of cockles (12–40 mm) than smaller whelks. The majority (90%) of the shells of the predated cockles were undamaged and the few …
Recent Additions Of Warmwater Fish Species To Chesapeake Bay, Aimee D. Halvorson
Recent Additions Of Warmwater Fish Species To Chesapeake Bay, Aimee D. Halvorson
VIMS Articles
During September 2004 and June 2005, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) Juvenile Fish and Blue Crab Trawl Survey collected specimens of three warmwater fish species uncommon to Chesapeake Bay. Captures of Trachinocephalus myop.s (Snakefish), Citharichthys Wfjc/'fj/^.v (Spotted WhifT'). and Mullus auratus {Red Goatfish)are the first substantiated records for these species from Chesapeake Bay. These captures also represent extensions in the documented geographic ranges of Snakefish and Spotted Whiff. Occurrences of multiple species heretofore rarely encountered in Chesapeake Bay warrant further attention in view of concerns regarding climate change and its effect on local marine faunas.
Molecular Detection Of Hematodinium Sp Infecting The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Karen Hudson, Kimberly S. Reece
Molecular Detection Of Hematodinium Sp Infecting The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Karen Hudson, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Species of Hematodinium are endoparasitic dinoflagellates of crustaceans. Certain stages of the parasites can be very difficult to detect in the hemolymph of their hosts, because the trophic stages resemble hemocytes, and they can occur at relatively low densities, making diagnosis by microscopy difficult. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the Hernatodinium sp. infecting the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, based on the amplification of the parasite's first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene complex. The PCR assay was combined with a restriction endonucleases digestion (Bsg I) of the amplification products to …
Influence Of Host Genetic Origin And Geographic Location On Qpx Disease In Northern Quahogs (=Hard Clams), Mercenaria Mercenaria, Lmr Calvo, Se Ford, Jn Kraeuter, Df Leavitt, R Smolowitz, Em Burreson
Influence Of Host Genetic Origin And Geographic Location On Qpx Disease In Northern Quahogs (=Hard Clams), Mercenaria Mercenaria, Lmr Calvo, Se Ford, Jn Kraeuter, Df Leavitt, R Smolowitz, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown) a protistan pathogen of northern quahogs (= hard clams), Mercenaria mercenaria, has caused disease outbreaks in maritime Canada, and in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Virginia, USA. Although epizootics have occurred in wild hard clam populations, the parasite has most seriously affected cultured hard clams, suggesting that aquaculture practices may promote or predispose clams to the disease. In this investigation the influence of clam genetic origin and the geographic location at where they are grown on QPX disease susceptibility was examined in a common garden experiment. Aquaculture stocks were acquired from hatcheries in Massachusetts, New …
Northern Quahog (=Hard Clam) Mercenaria Mercenaria Age At Length Relationships And Growth Patterns In The York River, Virginia 1954 To 1970, Juliana Harding
Northern Quahog (=Hard Clam) Mercenaria Mercenaria Age At Length Relationships And Growth Patterns In The York River, Virginia 1954 To 1970, Juliana Harding
VIMS Articles
Northern quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria were grown in trays suspended in the York River, Virginia from November 1954 (4 months old) to December 1970 (16 years old). Measurements of shell length (mm) were made at least once a year from 1954 to 1970 and measurements of shell width (mm) were made in November 1962 and August 1965 and then once per year from 1967 through 1970. Quahog densities within the trays ranged from 1500 m(-2) (November 1954 to October 1955) to 269 m(-2) (November 1955 to December 1970). Quahog shell length (mm) increased with age (yr) and was described with a …
Influence Of Sea Ice Cover And Icebergs On Circulation And Water Mass Formation In A Numerical Circulation Model Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Michael S. Dinniman, John M. Klinck, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Influence Of Sea Ice Cover And Icebergs On Circulation And Water Mass Formation In A Numerical Circulation Model Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Michael S. Dinniman, John M. Klinck, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
Satellite imagery shows that there was substantial variability in the sea ice extent in the Ross Sea during 2001-2003. Much of this variability is thought to be due to several large icebergs that moved through the area during that period. The effects of these changes in sea ice on circulation and water mass distributions are investigated with a numerical general circulation model. It would be difficult to simulate the highly variable sea ice from 2001 to 2003 with a dynamic sea ice model since much of the variability was due to the floating icebergs. Here, sea ice concentration is specified …
Why Oyster Restoration Goals In The Chesapeake Bay Are Not And Probably Cannot Be Achieved, Roger L. Mann, Eric N. Powell
Why Oyster Restoration Goals In The Chesapeake Bay Are Not And Probably Cannot Be Achieved, Roger L. Mann, Eric N. Powell
VIMS Articles
Efforts to restore the native oyster in the Chesapeake Bay enjoy enormous public support and have consumed and continue to consume vast, some would argue unreasonable and unjustifiable, amounts of funding. Despite this support the stated goals of restoration efforts are poorly defined and consequently provide no realistic measures of success in terms of time, space, or biomass. Quantitative approaches used successfully in management of and rebuilding plans for other marine and estuarine species have not been appropriately applied. Basic information in oyster population dynamics and ecology has been inadequately appreciated in defining the quantitative problem. Given these limitations it …
A Sex-Specific Metabolite Identified In A Marine Invertebrate Utilizing Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Robert A. Kleps, Terrell C. Myers, Rom Lipcius, Thomas Henderson
A Sex-Specific Metabolite Identified In A Marine Invertebrate Utilizing Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Robert A. Kleps, Terrell C. Myers, Rom Lipcius, Thomas Henderson
VIMS Articles
Hormone level differences are generally accepted as the primary cause for sexual dimorphism in animal and human development. Levels of low molecular weight metabolites also differ between men and women in circulating amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates and within brain tissue. While investigating the metabolism of blue crab tissues using Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, we discovered that only the male blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) contained a phosphorus compound with a chemical shift well separated from the expected phosphate compounds. Spectra obtained from male gills were readily differentiated from female gill spectra. Analysis from six years of data from male and …
Nutrient Versus Consumer Control Of Community Structure In A Chesapeake Bay Eelgrass Habitat, James Grayland Douglass, J. Emmett Duffy, Amanda C. Spivak, John Paul Richardson
Nutrient Versus Consumer Control Of Community Structure In A Chesapeake Bay Eelgrass Habitat, James Grayland Douglass, J. Emmett Duffy, Amanda C. Spivak, John Paul Richardson
VIMS Articles
Nutrient loading can dramatically alter benthic communities and has been implicated in the worldwide decline of seagrass beds. Ongoing changes in food webs caused by overfishing could also contribute to seagrass decline. However, the interaction of these factors and the role of small invertebrate grazers in mediating them are poorly understood. We examined the relative impacts of nutrient loading and food web alteration on eelgrass Zostera marina L. community structure in Chesapeake Bay by manipulating nutrients, predatory crabs, and invertebrate grazers in field enclosures over 28 d in summer. Nutrient loading increased epiphyte accumulation early in the experiment, decreased eelgrass …
Comparison Of Cell-Specific Activity Between Free-Living And Attached Bacteria Using Isolates And Natural Assemblages, Hp Gropssar, Kw Tang, T Kiorboe, H Ploug
Comparison Of Cell-Specific Activity Between Free-Living And Attached Bacteria Using Isolates And Natural Assemblages, Hp Gropssar, Kw Tang, T Kiorboe, H Ploug
VIMS Articles
Marine snow aggregates are microbial hotspots that support high bacterial abundance and activities. We conducted laboratory experiments to compare cell-specific bacterial protein production (BPP) and protease activity between free-living and attached bacteria. Natural bacterial assemblages attached to model aggregates (agar spheres) had threefold higher BPP and two orders of magnitude higher protease activity than their free-living counterpart. These observations could be explained by preferential colonization of the agar spheres by bacteria with inherently higher metabolic activity and/or individual bacteria increasing their metabolism upon attachment to surfaces. In subsequent experiments, we used four strains of marine snow bacteria isolates to test …
Phytoplankton Blooms In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: Interannual Variability In Magnitude, Temporal Patterns, And Composition, Jill A. Peloquin, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Phytoplankton Blooms In The Ross Sea, Antarctica: Interannual Variability In Magnitude, Temporal Patterns, And Composition, Jill A. Peloquin, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
The continental shelf of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, is a unique region within the Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton growth is believed to be seasonally limited, first in austral spring by irradiance, and then in summer by biologically available iron. It also is historically known to have taxonomically distinct regimes: the south-central portion is dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica and to the west diatoms are abundant. We measured photochemical yield to interpret the health of the phytoplankton assemblage from 2001-2004 and interfaced these measurements with satellite remote sensing of pigments. The bloom of 2001-2002 was similar in both temporal and spatial distributions to …