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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Effects Of Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure On Adipos Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Inflammation, Cali Elizabeth Warren
The Effects Of Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure On Adipos Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Inflammation, Cali Elizabeth Warren
Theses and Dissertations
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constitutes a significant component of ambient air pollution that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among PM2.5 constituents, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are prevalent particulates that infiltrate the bloodstream to drive systemic pathologies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of adipose tissue to DEP. We aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding by exploring mitochondrial bioenergetics, characterizing the inflammatory marker profile, including adipokines, and conducting a detailed histological analysis of adipocytes to provide valuable insights to the evolving understanding of the intricate …
Characterizing Stress Granule Regulation By Pas Kinase, Ataxin-2 And Ptc6 And Investigating The Lifespan Of Covid-19 Virus On Currency, Colleen R. Newey
Characterizing Stress Granule Regulation By Pas Kinase, Ataxin-2 And Ptc6 And Investigating The Lifespan Of Covid-19 Virus On Currency, Colleen R. Newey
Theses and Dissertations
The protein Ataxin-2 is a known positive regulator of stress granules in humans, mice and yeast (known as yeast PBP1). Due to the role that stress granules play in diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and cancer, this thesis investigates the role of Ataxin-2 and its protein binding partners in stress granule development and its effects on various metabolic phenotypes of the cell. PAS kinase is a sensory protein kinase, conserved from yeast to man, which regulates respiration and lipid biosynthesis. Our lab discovered that PAS kinase phosphorylates and activates Ataxin-2 in yeast, and that PAS kinase overexpression enhances localization …
Evolution And Selection: From Suppression Of Metabolic Deficiencies To Bacteriophage Host Range And Resistance, Daniel Kurt Arens
Evolution And Selection: From Suppression Of Metabolic Deficiencies To Bacteriophage Host Range And Resistance, Daniel Kurt Arens
Theses and Dissertations
The evolution and adaptation of microorganisms is so rapid it can be seen in the time frame of days. The root cause for their evolution comes from selective environmental pressures that see organisms with beneficial mutations survive otherwise deadly encounters or outperform members of its population who fail to adapt. This does not always result in strict improvement of the individual as in the case of antibiotic resistant bacteria who often display fitness tradeoffs to avoid death (see Reviews [1-3]). For example, when an ampicillin resistance gene (ampC) containing plasmid that is occasionally found in the wild was transformed into …
Deterministic Model Of The Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (Vdac) Kinetics, Viren Shah
Deterministic Model Of The Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (Vdac) Kinetics, Viren Shah
Theses and Dissertations
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a voltage gated channel residing on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) that facilitates the flow of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria. The channel is regulated through conformational changes driven by electrostatic effects along with numerous regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study is to mechanistically model kinetics of substrate flow through VDAC and incorporate them into existing mechanistic computational models of mitochondrial function. The resulting model is used in two ways: 1) to establish mitochondrial bioenergetics (conductance, permeability, and current/flux) under physiological conditions, and 2) to conduct perturbations simulating the effect of altered …
Acetoacetate Enhances Oxidative Metabolism And Response To Toxicants Of Cultured Renal Cells, Trudi Maria Denoon
Acetoacetate Enhances Oxidative Metabolism And Response To Toxicants Of Cultured Renal Cells, Trudi Maria Denoon
Theses and Dissertations
In vitro methods can be cost effective and facilitate large scale drug screening in the pharmaceutical industry. Renal proximal tubular cells have been a prime target for drug induced toxicity. LLC-PK1 cells possess many transport functions of the proximal tubule epithelia, however, its energy metabolism differs from the highly oxidative tubule metabolism in vivo. This may impact its reliability in predicting toxicity. Modulating the growth media composition has been shown to shift cultured liver and muscle cells from high glycolytic activity to increased oxidative metabolism, but few studies have been done on renal cells. This study is designed to test …
Modulation Of Electron Transport By Metformin In Cardiac Protection: Role Of Complex I, Ahmed Abdul Hussein Mohsin
Modulation Of Electron Transport By Metformin In Cardiac Protection: Role Of Complex I, Ahmed Abdul Hussein Mohsin
Theses and Dissertations
Modulation of mitochondrial complex I during reperfusion reduces cardiac injury. Complex I exists in two structural states: active (A) and deactive (D) with transition from A→D during ischemia. Reperfusion reactivates D→A with an increase in ROS production. Metformin preserves the D-Form. Our aim was to study the contribution of maintenance of deactivation of complex I during early reperfusion by metformin to protect against ischemia reperfusion injury. Our results showed that metformin decreased H9c2 cardiomyoblast apoptosis and total cell death following simulated ischemia for six hours followed by reoxygenation for twenty four hours compared to untreated cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …
Oxidative Insults Disrupt Mitochondrial Dynamics, Iraselia A. Garcia
Oxidative Insults Disrupt Mitochondrial Dynamics, Iraselia A. Garcia
Theses and Dissertations
Mitochondria form an organellar network to provide ATP to the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) combines with nuclear DNA to encode polypeptides critical to forming the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which generate a transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) to synthesize ATP. This ΔΨm is required to maintain mitochondria fission/fusion dynamics: organellar fusion (mediated by OPA1) and fission events (mediated by DRP1) coordinately regulate mitochondrial dynamics. While oxidative stress correlates with mitochondrial dysfunction, it is unclear how oxidants affect mitochondrial structure/function homeostasis. This project seeks to establish and examine the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondrial dynamics. …
Effects Of Curcumin And Ursolic Acid On The Mitochondrial Coupling Efficiency And Hydrogen Peroxide Emission Of Intact Skeletal Myoblasts, Daniel J. Tueller
Effects Of Curcumin And Ursolic Acid On The Mitochondrial Coupling Efficiency And Hydrogen Peroxide Emission Of Intact Skeletal Myoblasts, Daniel J. Tueller
Theses and Dissertations
Curcumin is a natural compound that improves blood glucose management. While some evidence from isolated mitochondria indicates that curcumin uncouples electron transport from oxidative phosphorylation, the effects of curcumin on mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide emission in intact skeletal muscle cells are not known. By assessing rates of oxygen consumption, we demonstrated for the first time that curcumin (40 µM) reduced the mitochondrial coupling efficiency (percentage of oxygen consumption that supports ATP synthesis) of intact skeletal muscle cells. A 30-minute incubation with curcumin decreased mitochondrial coupling efficiency by 17.0 ± 0.4% relative to vehicle (p < 0.008). Curcumin also decreased the rate of hydrogen peroxide emission by 43 ± 13% compared to vehicle (p < 0.05). Analysis of cell respiration in the presence of curcumin revealed a 40 ± 4% increase in the rate of oxygen consumption upon curcumin administration (p < 0.05 compared to vehicle). In additional experiments, no difference in mitochondrial coupling efficiency was observed between vehicle- and curcumin-pretreated cells after permeabilization of cell membranes (p > 0.7). The possibility of synergistic …
Insulin And Ketones: Their Roles In Brain Mitochondrial Function, Sheryl Teresa Carr
Insulin And Ketones: Their Roles In Brain Mitochondrial Function, Sheryl Teresa Carr
Theses and Dissertations
The prevalence of both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing worldwide, and the trends are unfortunately expected to continue. AD has recently been tied with mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance, creating a mechanistic tie between AD and T2DM. Unfortunately, insulin resistance is often increased with aging and therefore, all individuals are at risk of brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Without proper mitochondrial function, the brain will degenerate, causing impaired cognitive function and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to understand the role of ceramides in insulin-induced brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and; second, …
Insulin And Ketones: Their Roles In Brain Mitochondrial Function, Sheryl Teresa Carr
Insulin And Ketones: Their Roles In Brain Mitochondrial Function, Sheryl Teresa Carr
Theses and Dissertations
The prevalence of both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing worldwide, and the trends are unfortunately expected to continue. AD has recently been tied with mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance, creating a mechanistic tie between AD and T2DM. Unfortunately, insulin resistance is often increased with aging and therefore, all individuals are at risk of brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Without proper mitochondrial function, the brain will degenerate, causing impaired cognitive function and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to understand the role of ceramides in insulin-induced brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and; second, …
Insulin Treatment Increases Myocardial Ceramide Accumulation And Disrupts Cardiometabolic Function, Aimee Elizabeth Hodson
Insulin Treatment Increases Myocardial Ceramide Accumulation And Disrupts Cardiometabolic Function, Aimee Elizabeth Hodson
Theses and Dissertations
Prevalence of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. Millions of people are already affected by T2DM and estimates predict over half a billion people will likely be suffering from the disease by 2030. T2DM is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular dysfunction is the leading cause of mortality among type 2 diabetics. Treatment for T2DM has changed over time. Though it was once known as insulin independent, a large portion of type 2 diabetics are now treated with insulin injections. However, type 2 diabetics treated with insulin are more likely to suffer …
Functional Significance Of Mtdna Cytosine Modification Tested By Genome Editing, Jason M. Robinson
Functional Significance Of Mtdna Cytosine Modification Tested By Genome Editing, Jason M. Robinson
Theses and Dissertations
The field of epigenetics is gaining popularity and speed, due in part to its capability to answer lingering questions about the root cause of certain diseases. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in regulation of the cell and cell survival, particularly by cytosine methylation. It remains controversial if DNMT’s which facilitate methylation are present in mammalian mitochondria and what the functional significance they may have on modification of mitochondrial DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 technology enabled genome editing to remove the MTS (mitochondrial targeting sequence) from DNMT1 of HCT116 cells, purposefully minimizing effects on nuclear cytosine methylation, while exclusively impacting mitochondrial modification. Removal of …
A Mechanistic Study Of An Ipsc Model For Leigh’S Disease Caused By Mtdna Mutataion (8993 T>G), John P. Galdun
A Mechanistic Study Of An Ipsc Model For Leigh’S Disease Caused By Mtdna Mutataion (8993 T>G), John P. Galdun
Theses and Dissertations
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a broad range of devastating disorders that typically affect tissues with high-energy requirements. These disorders have been difficult to diagnose and research because of the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the large variability seen among patient populations. We have devised and carried out a mechanistic study to generate a cell based model for Leigh’s disease caused by mitochondrial DNA mutation 8993 T>G. Leigh’s disease is a multi-organ system disorder that depends heavily on the mutation burden seen within various tissues. Using new reprogramming and sequencing technologies, we were able to show that Leigh’s disease patient fibroblasts …
Dynamic Regulation Of Mitochondrial Stat3 And Its Association With Cypd, Jeremy A. Meier
Dynamic Regulation Of Mitochondrial Stat3 And Its Association With Cypd, Jeremy A. Meier
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, a number of nuclear transcription factors have been shown to be present in the mitochondria where they have distinct roles in regulating mitochondrial function. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), classically activated by the JAK family of receptor associated tyrosine kinases to drive nuclear gene expression, is one such transcription factor with a unique mitochondrial role. There, it has been shown to support oxidative phosphorylation, regulate mitochondrial-encoded transcripts, and be key for the transformation and growth of a number of different cancers. Despite its well-characterized functional importance at the level of the mitochondria, the mechanism …
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Cigarette Smoke Increases Cardiomyocyte Ceramide Accumulation And Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration, Trevor Stanley Tippetts
Theses and Dissertations
Cigarette smoking is a common and lethal worldwide habit, with considerable mortality stemming from its deleterious effects on heart function. While current theories posit altered blood lipids and fibrinogen metabolism as likely mediators, none have explored the role of the sphingolipid ceramide in exacerbating heart function with smoke exposure. Ceramide production is a consequence of cigarette smoke in the lung, and considering ceramide's harmful effects on mitochondrial function, we sought to elucidate the role of ceramide in mediating smoke-induced altered heart mitochondrial respiration. Lung cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract and heart cells were exposed to the lung-cell conditioned …
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
The Role Of Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) And Ceramide In Cardiovascular Disease, Michael Bruce Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is already well-established in numerous comorbidities including cardiomyopathy. Given the role of AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, in activating inflammatory pathways, we sought to determine whether ceramides could be a mediator of RAGE-induced altered heart mitochondrial function. Using an in vitro model, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with carboxy-methyl lysine-BSA, followed by mitochondrial respiration assessment. We found that mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in AGE-treated cells, but not when co-treated with myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo …
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Mitochondrial Therapeutics During Ischemia-Reperfusion; Modulation Of Complex I: Effect Of Metformin., Shawn Y. Sunu
Theses and Dissertations
The modulation of the electron transport during ischemia-reperfusion has been shown to be protective. We hypothesized that metformin, a Complex I inhibitor, may exhibit characteristics of a pharmacological agent that could achieve long-term therapeutic intervention against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondria were harvested from adult male mice and incubated with or without metformin at 30oC for 15 minutes, while being shaken at 300 rpm. Metformin decreased Complex I oxidative phosphorylation and Complex I activity. However, metformin also increased injury and decreased the maximum membrane potential. Even though there was a decrease in maximum membrane potential, the proton motive force (PMF) …
Ferric Reductases And Transporters That Contribute To Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis, Anshika Jain
Ferric Reductases And Transporters That Contribute To Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis, Anshika Jain
Theses and Dissertations
Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, yet the availability of Fe to plants is often limited. This is because in most soil types, Fe precipitates as ferric-oxyhydroxy complexes, making it unavailable for uptake by plants. While the mechanisms involved in Fe uptake from the soil are relatively well understood, the mechanisms involved in its further distribution to the aerial portion of the plant and to subcellular compartments are not fully understood. During Fe deprivation, plants up-regulate root Fe acquisition machinery. How plants sense Fe deprivation and tie the Fe status of the plant to …
The Role Of Ceramides In Mediating Endotoxin-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption, Melissa Ellen Hansen
The Role Of Ceramides In Mediating Endotoxin-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption, Melissa Ellen Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
Ceramides are sphingolipids that serve as important second messengers in an increasing number of stress-induced pathways. Ceramide has long been known to affect the mitochondria, altering both morphology and physiology. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a prevalent circulating inflammatory agent in obesity, potentially mediating some of the pathologies associated with weight gain. Given previous findings of TLR4-mediated ceramide accrual and ceramide-mediated mitochondrial disruption, we questioned whether ceramide is necessary for LPS-induced mitochondrial disruption. We found that LPS treatment increased gene transcript levels of ceramide synthesis enzymes and mitochondrial fission proteins and increased ceramide content in cultured myotubes and in mouse tissue. Mitochondrial …
Mitochondrial Replication From Embryogenesis To Early Adulthood, In Dui Species, Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Ellen Blenn Richardson
Mitochondrial Replication From Embryogenesis To Early Adulthood, In Dui Species, Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Ellen Blenn Richardson
Theses and Dissertations
Eukaryotes typically inherit mitochondria strictly maternally. There are however a group of bivalve molluscs that inherit different mitochondrial genomes from each parent. The paternally inherited mtDNA (M-type) is localized to, and dominates over the maternally inherited mtDNA (F-type) in the gonads of the male offspring, but is not normally retained in any tissue of the female offspring. This process is termed Double Uniparental Inheritance (DUI). Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), this study examines mtDNA replication compared to total DNA replication through embryonic stages of development and into early adulthood of the DUI species, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Results indicate that up through the …
Identification Of The Binding Partners For Hspb2 And Cryab Reveals Myofibril And Mitochondrial Protein Interactions And Non-Redundant Roles For Small Heat Shock Proteins, Kelsey Murphey Langston
Identification Of The Binding Partners For Hspb2 And Cryab Reveals Myofibril And Mitochondrial Protein Interactions And Non-Redundant Roles For Small Heat Shock Proteins, Kelsey Murphey Langston
Theses and Dissertations
Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSP) are molecular chaperones that play protective roles in cell survival and have been shown to possess chaperone activity. As such, mutations in this family of proteins result in a wide variety of diseases from cancers to cardiomyopathies. The sHSPs Beta-2 (HspB2) and alpha-beta crystalline (CryAB) are two of the ten human sHSPs and are both expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. A heart that cannot properly recover or defend against stressors such as extreme heat or cold, oxidative/reductive stress, and heavy metal-induced stress will constantly struggle to maintain efficient function. Accordingly, CryAB is required …
Metabolic Remodeling And Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Maladaptive Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Secondary To Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Jose Gomez-Arroyo
Metabolic Remodeling And Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Maladaptive Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Secondary To Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Jose Gomez-Arroyo
Theses and Dissertations
Right ventricular dysfunction is the most frequent cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although abnormal energy substrate use has been implicated in the development of chronic left heart failure, data describing such metabolic remodeling in failing right ventricular tissue remain incomplete. In the present dissertation we sought to characterize metabolic gene expression changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in functional and dysfunctional RV hypertrophy. Two different rat models of RV hypertrophy were studied. The model of right ventricular failure (SU5416/hypoxia) exhibited a significantly decreased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1α, peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α and estrogen-related receptor-α. The …
Characterization Of The Cellular And Organellar Dynamics That Occur With A Partial Depletion Of Mitochondrial Dna When Arabidopsis Organellar Dna Polymerase Ib Is Mutated, John D. Cupp
Theses and Dissertations
Plant mitochondrial genomes are large and complex, and the mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remain unclear. Arabidopsis thaliana has two DNA polymerase genes, polIA and polIB, that have been shown to be dual localized to mitochondria and chloroplasts but are unequally expressed within primary plant tissues involved in cell division or cell expansion. PolIB expression is observed at higher levels in both shoot and root apexes, suggesting a possible role in organelle DNA replication in rapidly dividing or expanding cells. It is proposed that both polIA and polIB are required for mtDNA replication under wild type conditions. An Arabidopsis …
Non-Canonical Roles For Stat1 And Stat2 In Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Fasting Homeostasis., Jennifer Sisler
Non-Canonical Roles For Stat1 And Stat2 In Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Fasting Homeostasis., Jennifer Sisler
Theses and Dissertations
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 2 (STAT2) are primarily activated by interferons and play a central role in orchestrating responses to a variety of pathogens by activating the transcription of nuclear encoded genes that mediate antiviral, antigrowth and immune surveillance responses. In addition to their nuclear effects, we report that STAT1 and STAT2 inhibit the expression of mitochondrial encoded mRNAs by activating type I interferons (IFNβ) under basal conditions. STAT1-/- livers also exhibit elevated levels of nuclear encoded components of the electron transport chain (ETC). Treatment of wild-type mice with IFNβ inhibits both mitochondrial and …
Liver Kinase B1/Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In The Diaphragm, Jacob D. Brown
Liver Kinase B1/Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In The Diaphragm, Jacob D. Brown
Theses and Dissertations
The Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway is a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolic processes. During exercise, LKB1-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK leads to its activation, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose transport, among other effects. The roles of LKB1 and AMPK have not been fully characterized in the diaphragm. Two methods of AMPK activation were used to characterize LKB1/AMPK signaling in diaphragms from muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (KO) and littermate control (C) mice: (1) acute injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and (2) 5-min direct electrical stimulation (ES) of the diaphragm. Diaphragms were excised 60 minutes post-AICAR injection and …
Organellar Dna Polymerases Gamma I And Ii In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jeffrey M. Brammer
Organellar Dna Polymerases Gamma I And Ii In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jeffrey M. Brammer
Theses and Dissertations
Plants have two organelles outside the nucleus which carry their own DNA, mitochondria and chloroplasts. These organelles are descendants of bacteria that were engulfed by their host according to the endosymbiotic theory. Over time, DNA has been exchanged between these organelles and the nucleus. Two polymerases, DNA Polymerases Gamma I and II, are encoded in the nucleus and remain under nuclear control, but are transported into the mitochondria and chloroplasts. DNA polymerases gamma I and II are two organelle polymerases which have been studied through sequence analysis and shown to localize to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Little has been done …
Sphingolipid-Induced Activation Of The Volume-Sensitive Cl− Current Is Mediated By Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Frank Raucci
Sphingolipid-Induced Activation Of The Volume-Sensitive Cl− Current Is Mediated By Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Frank Raucci
Theses and Dissertations
Swelling-activated Cl− current (ICl,swell) is an outwardly-rectifying current that plays an important role in cardiac electrical activity, cellular volume regulation, apoptosis, and acts as a potential effector of mechanoelectrical feedback. Persistent activation of ICl,swell has been observed in a number of models of cardiovascular disease. Previously we showed that angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria are involved in the activation of ICl,swell by both osmotic swelling and Beta1 integrin stretch. Sphingolipid metabolism is modulated in several cardiopathologies and because sphingolipids are bioactive lipids …
Role Of Endothelin-1 In The Regulation Of The Swelling-Activated Cl- Current In Atrial Myocytes, Wu Deng
Role Of Endothelin-1 In The Regulation Of The Swelling-Activated Cl- Current In Atrial Myocytes, Wu Deng
Theses and Dissertations
Swelling-activated Cl- current (ICl,swell) is an outwardly rectifying Cl- current that influences cardiac electric activities and acts as a potential effector of mechanoelectrical feedback that antagonizes the effects of stretch-activated cation channels. Persistent activation of ICl,swell has been observed in multiple models of cardiovascular diseases. Previously we showed that angiotensin II (AngII) signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) are involved in the activation of ICl, swell by both beta1-integrin stretch and osmotic swelling. Because endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potential downstream mediator of AngII and ETA receptor blockade abrogates AngII-induced ROS generation, we studied how ET-1 …
Effects Of Endurance Training On The Ampk Response To Exercise., David Gerald Chesser
Effects Of Endurance Training On The Ampk Response To Exercise., David Gerald Chesser
Theses and Dissertations
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in the upregulation of several intracellular systems which help to prepare a cell for a high energy challenge. The magnitude of the AMPK response to a 10 min bout of exercise has been found to decrease in red quadriceps (RQ) following training, while putative AMPK roles seem to be maintained; specifically, the biogenesis of mitochondria and higher levels of hexokinase II and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). If the AMPK response to exercise is responsible in part for these adaptations, how can they be maintained if the AMPK response is attenuated? The purpose of …