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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Mirnas Levels In A Streptozocin Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Nada Moustafa
Mirnas Levels In A Streptozocin Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Nada Moustafa
Theses and Dissertations
Dementia entails a progressive decrease in cognitive functions, with 50%-75% of cases attributed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD); an aging-associated condition characterized by the build-up of tangled phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein and beta-amyloid (Aβ) depositions. Sporadic AD (sAD) is multifactorial in nature, resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading risk factor for dementia, and deregulation of brain glucose metabolism is associated with early cognitive affection in sAD. Thus, the diabetogenic agent Streptozotocin (STZ) is used to experimentally create an AD model in animals (STZ-induced sAD), in which abnormalities in cerebral …
Development And Evaluation Of A Combinatorial Rt-Qpcr Multiplex For Forensic Body Fluid Identification, Carolyn A. Lewis
Development And Evaluation Of A Combinatorial Rt-Qpcr Multiplex For Forensic Body Fluid Identification, Carolyn A. Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
Body fluid identification is essential in the forensic biology workflow that assists DNA analysts in determining where to collect DNA evidence. Current presumptive tests lack the sensitivity and specificity molecular techniques can achieve; therefore, molecular methods, such as microRNA and microbial signatures, have been extensively researched in the forensic community. Limitations of each method suggest combining molecular markers to increase discrimination efficiency of multiple body fluids from a single assay. While microbial signatures have been successful in identifying fluids with high bacterial abundances, microRNAs have shown promise in fluids with low microbial abundance. A disadvantage of RNA analysis in forensic …
Microrna In The Mammalian Growth Plate: Matrix Vesicles And 1Α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Niels C. Asmussen
Microrna In The Mammalian Growth Plate: Matrix Vesicles And 1Α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Niels C. Asmussen
Theses and Dissertations
Growth plate chondrocytes are the driving force of long bone elongation and they accomplish this vital task, in part, by producing, remodeling, and finally mineralizing the cartilage tissue that makes up the growth plate. This mineralized tissue is turned over again as bone forming cells invade and began the process of turning mineralized cartilage into bone. Chondrocytes undergo a distinct series of observable phases as they move through this process transitioning from a stage of proliferation to one of hypertrophy and finally capillary invasion. Chondrocytes produce matrix vesicles (MVs) that they release into the growth plate and that attach to …
Role Of Microrna-208a As A Diagnostic And Prognostic Marker In Patients With St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Abou Bakr Mohamed Mohamed Hammad Salama
Role Of Microrna-208a As A Diagnostic And Prognostic Marker In Patients With St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Abou Bakr Mohamed Mohamed Hammad Salama
Theses and Dissertations
Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Diagnosis of AMI depends on presenting symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG), and cardiac troponins (cTns). Troponins are not good markers for patients presenting at the first hour of chest pain, so there is still a need for a marker that can be detected within the first hour of presentation, with high specificity and sensitivity, guide the medical decisions and give good insight on the expected prognosis. Previous studies reported miR-208a as a cardiac specific microRNA that can be detected in the plasma as early as 15 min of cardiac insult and …
Transcriptomic Profiling Of Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex And Nucleus Accumbens From Chronic Alcohol Abusers., Eric S. Vornholt
Transcriptomic Profiling Of Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex And Nucleus Accumbens From Chronic Alcohol Abusers., Eric S. Vornholt
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness that develops from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While it is well documented that AUD is heritable, the shift from recreational alcohol use to abuse/dependence is poorly understood. In this dissertation, using postmortem brain tissue from individuals with alcohol dependence (AD), we profiled the genome-wide expression of circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) to better understand the impact of gene expression on the development of AUD. To achieve this, we performed two independent studies that explore transcriptome differences between AD cases and controls. The first of …
Local Delivery Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Osteogenesis-Inducing Microrna For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Marco Antonio Arriaga
Local Delivery Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Osteogenesis-Inducing Microrna For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Marco Antonio Arriaga
Theses and Dissertations
Bone is capable of regenerating autonomously when the injury is small (< 2.5 cm), however, large (> 2.5 cm) or insufficiently vascularized defects require intervention to repair. The overall goal of this project is to contribute towards the development of novel strategies to aid bone tissue regeneration by delivering mesenchymal stem cells expressing microRNAs that induce expression of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). It was determined that porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds fabricated to have a higher surface area to volume ratio (SVR) (> 80) compared to lower SVR (< 80) were hydrolyzed at a higher rate. Scaffolds fabricated with 80 vol. %/300–500 µm porogen were optimal for cell colonization as higher absorbance of metabolized MTT was detected compared to other scaffold types. From the subset of 5 miRNAs tested, miRNA-26a, miRNA-196 and miRNA-218 demonstrated higher upregulation of RUNX2 gene expression and calcium mineralization and thus, are promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration.
Deletion Of Cardiac Mir-17-92 Cluster Increases Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury Via Pten Upregulation, Meeta B. Prakash
Deletion Of Cardiac Mir-17-92 Cluster Increases Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury Via Pten Upregulation, Meeta B. Prakash
Theses and Dissertations
The miR-17- 92 cluster is necessary for cell proliferation and development of the cardiovascular system. Deletion of this cluster leads to death in neonatal mice. The role of this cluster still needs to be defined following ischemia and reperfusion. Methods and Results: Adult male mice were injected with Tamoxifen- was to induce inducible cardiac-specific miR-17- 92-deficient (miR-17- 92-def: MCM:TG:miR-17- 92 flox/flox ) and wild type (WT: MCM:NTG:miR-17-92 flox/flox ) mice were subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Post I/R survival (48%) and ejection fraction were reduced, …
Identification Of Microrna Biomarkers In Her2-Positive Breast Cancer, Hossam Tashkandi
Identification Of Microrna Biomarkers In Her2-Positive Breast Cancer, Hossam Tashkandi
Theses and Dissertations
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 30% of breast cancer patients with poor prognosis. In addition, microRNAs are small non-coding RNA that have been linked to many cancers. Here we investigate which miRNAs are differentially regulated by HER2 overexpression. Using quantitative reverse-transcription prolymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and matching it with the clinical data acquired from Dvinge, we find five candidate miRNAs. When comparing the miRNAs’ effect on patient survival, only three miRNAs stand as good predictors of patient survival outcome. These miRNAs are miR-146a-5p, miR-181d, and miR-195-5p. When miR-146a-5p is up-regulated, which is the case …
Variation And Modulation Of Micrornas In Prostate Cancer And Biological Fluids, Sarah Seashols
Variation And Modulation Of Micrornas In Prostate Cancer And Biological Fluids, Sarah Seashols
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the second-most diagnosed and fatal carcinoma for males in the United States, and better diagnostic markers and potential therapies are needed. microRNAs are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that affect protein expression at the translational level, and dysregulation can dramatically affect cell metabolism. Comparison of 736 microRNA expression levels between the poorly metastatic SV40T immortalized prostate epithelial cell line P69 to its highly tumorigenic and metastatic subline M12 identified 231 miRs that were overexpressed and 150 miRs that showed loss of expression in the M12 cell line. Further evaluation of fourteen identified miRs was accomplished using other prostate …
Combinatorial Analysis Of Tumorigenic Micrornas Driving Prostate Cancer, William Budd
Combinatorial Analysis Of Tumorigenic Micrornas Driving Prostate Cancer, William Budd
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the leading non-cutaneous malignancy affecting men in the United States. One in every six men will be affected by prostate cancer. Due to the high incidence of prostate cancer, there is a need to develop biomarkers capable of identifying tumors from benign prostatic lesions. miRNAs are small molecules that regulate protein translation and impact cellular integrity when dysregulated. It is widely thought that miRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers. This study utilizes a unique combinatorial analysis of miRNA dysregulation to identify key miRNAs involved in prostate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Numerous dysregulated miRNAs potentially …
The Role Of Microrna-155 And Microrna-146a As Putative Oncomirs In The Tumor Progression Of Prostate Cancer, Jennifer Hoyt
The Role Of Microrna-155 And Microrna-146a As Putative Oncomirs In The Tumor Progression Of Prostate Cancer, Jennifer Hoyt
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in males. The identification of novel microRNAs (miRs) that contribute to tumor progression represents prospective treatment targets. miRs are small non-coding RNAs important in gene regulation with specific tissue expression patterns. Each miR is thought to affect the expression of hundreds of different RNA targets. Two putative oncomiRs, miR-155 and miR-146a, were shown to be differentially expressed in the human derived, prostate cell sublines M12 and F6. Quantification of endogenous miR expression showed high levels in the metastatic M12 cell line versus low in its weakly tumorigenic F6 variant. The restoration of …