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Articles 31 - 40 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Development Of A Serological Assay For The Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Anellovirus, Zcav, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Karyna Rosario, John Cannon, Frances Gulland, Larry Dishaw, Mya Breitbart
Development Of A Serological Assay For The Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Anellovirus, Zcav, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Karyna Rosario, John Cannon, Frances Gulland, Larry Dishaw, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
New diseases in marine animals are emerging at an increasing rate, yet methodological limitations hinder characterization of viral infections. Viral metagenomics is an effective method for identifying novel viruses in diseased animals; however, determining virus pathogenesis remains a challenge. A novel anellovirus (Zalophus californianus anellovirus, ZcAV) was recently reported in the lungs of captive California sea lions involved in a mortality event. ZcAV was not detected by PCR in the blood of these animals, creating the inability to assess the prevalence of ZcAV in live sea lions. This study developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to …
Discovery, Prevalence, And Persistence Of Novel Circular Single-Stranded Dna Viruses In The Ctenophores Mnemiopsis Leidyi And Beroe Ovata, Mya Breitbart, Bayleigh Benner, Parker Jernigan, Karyna Rosario, Laura Birsa, Rachel Harbeitner, Sidney Fulford, Carina Graham, Anna Walters, Dawn Goldsmith, Stella Berger, Jens Nejstgaard
Discovery, Prevalence, And Persistence Of Novel Circular Single-Stranded Dna Viruses In The Ctenophores Mnemiopsis Leidyi And Beroe Ovata, Mya Breitbart, Bayleigh Benner, Parker Jernigan, Karyna Rosario, Laura Birsa, Rachel Harbeitner, Sidney Fulford, Carina Graham, Anna Walters, Dawn Goldsmith, Stella Berger, Jens Nejstgaard
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Gelatinous zooplankton, such as ctenophores and jellyfish, are important components of marine and brackish ecosystems and play critical roles in aquatic biogeochemistry. As voracious predators of plankton, ctenophores have key positions in aquatic food webs and are often successful invaders when introduced to new areas. Gelatinous zooplankton have strong impacts on ecosystem services, particularly in coastal environments. However, little is known about the factors responsible for regulating population dynamics of gelatinous organisms, including biological interactions that may contribute to bloom demise. Ctenophores are known to contain specific bacterial communities and a variety of invertebrate parasites and symbionts; however, no previous …
Water Column Stratification Structures Viral Community Composition In The Sargasso Sea, Dawn Goldsmith, Jennifer Brum, Max Hopkins, Craig Carlson, Mya Breitbart
Water Column Stratification Structures Viral Community Composition In The Sargasso Sea, Dawn Goldsmith, Jennifer Brum, Max Hopkins, Craig Carlson, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A decade-long study of viral abundance at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site recently revealed an annually recurring pattern where viral abundance was fairly uniform in the well-mixed upper water column each winter, yet a subsurface peak in viral abundance between 60 and 100 m depth developed each summer during water column stratification (Parsons et al. 2012; ISME J 6:273–284). Building upon these findings, this study tests the hypothesis that in the well-mixed period (March), the viral communities at the surface and at 100 m depth are similar in composition, while during water column stratification (September), differences in the …
Vector-Enabled Metagenomic (Vem) Surveys Using Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) Reveal Novel Begomovirus Species In The New And Oldworlds, Karyna Rosario, Yee Mey Seah, Christian Marr, Arvind Varsani, Simona Kraberger, Daisy Stainton, Enrique Moriones, Jane Polston, Siobain Duffy
Vector-Enabled Metagenomic (Vem) Surveys Using Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) Reveal Novel Begomovirus Species In The New And Oldworlds, Karyna Rosario, Yee Mey Seah, Christian Marr, Arvind Varsani, Simona Kraberger, Daisy Stainton, Enrique Moriones, Jane Polston, Siobain Duffy
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Whitefly-transmitted viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) represent a substantial threat to agricultural food production. The rapid evolutionary potential of these single-stranded DNA viruses combined with the polyphagous feeding behavior of their whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) can lead to the emergence of damaging viral strains. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize begomoviruses circulating in different regions and crops globally. This study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (VEM) coupled with high-throughput sequencing to survey begomoviruses directly from whiteflies collected in various locations (California (USA), Guatemala, Israel, Puerto Rico, and Spain). Begomoviruses were detected in all locations, with the highest diversity identified …
Multidimensional Metrics For Estimating Phage Abundance, Distribution, Gene Density, And Sequence Coverage In Metagenomes, Ramy Aziz, Bhakti Dwivedi, Sajia Akhter, Mya Breitbart, Robert Edwards
Multidimensional Metrics For Estimating Phage Abundance, Distribution, Gene Density, And Sequence Coverage In Metagenomes, Ramy Aziz, Bhakti Dwivedi, Sajia Akhter, Mya Breitbart, Robert Edwards
Marine Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Novel Circular Single-Stranded Dna Viruses Identified In Marine Invertebrates Reveal High Sequence Diversity And Consistent Predicted Intrinsic Disorder Patterns Within Putative Structural Proteins, Karyna Rosario, Ryan Schenck, Rachel Harbeitner, Stephanie Lawler, Mya Breitbart
Novel Circular Single-Stranded Dna Viruses Identified In Marine Invertebrates Reveal High Sequence Diversity And Consistent Predicted Intrinsic Disorder Patterns Within Putative Structural Proteins, Karyna Rosario, Ryan Schenck, Rachel Harbeitner, Stephanie Lawler, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Viral metagenomics has recently revealed the ubiquitous and diverse nature of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that encode a conserved replication initiator protein (Rep) in the marine environment. Although eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses were originally thought to only infect plants and vertebrates, recent studies have identified these viruses in a number of invertebrates. To further explore CRESS-DNA viruses in the marine environment, this study surveyed CRESS-DNA viruses in various marine invertebrate species. A total of 27 novel CRESS-DNA genomes, with Reps that share less than 60.1% identity with previously reported viruses, were recovered from 21 invertebrate species, mainly crustaceans. …
Deep Sequencing Of The Viral Phoh Gene Reveals Temporal Variation, Depth-Specific Composition, And Persistent Dominance Of The Same Viral Phoh Genes In The Sargasso Sea, Dawn Goldsmith, Rachel Parsons, Damitu Beyene, Peter Salamon, Mya Breitbart
Deep Sequencing Of The Viral Phoh Gene Reveals Temporal Variation, Depth-Specific Composition, And Persistent Dominance Of The Same Viral Phoh Genes In The Sargasso Sea, Dawn Goldsmith, Rachel Parsons, Damitu Beyene, Peter Salamon, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Deep sequencing of the viral phoH gene, a host-derived auxiliary metabolic gene, was used to track viral diversity throughout the water column at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the summer (September) and winter (March) of three years. Viral phoH sequences reveal differences in the viral communities throughout a depth profile and between seasons in the same year. Variation was also detected between the same seasons in subsequent years, though these differences were not as great as the summer/winter distinctions. Over 3,600 phoH operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% sequence identity) were identified. Despite high richness, most phoH sequences …
Ventilation Time Scales Of The North Atlantic Subtropical Cell Revealed By Coral Radiocarbon From The Cape Verde Islands, Alvaro Fernandez, Thomas J. Lapen, Rasmus Andreasen, Peter K. Swart, Christopher D. White, Brad E. Rosenheim
Ventilation Time Scales Of The North Atlantic Subtropical Cell Revealed By Coral Radiocarbon From The Cape Verde Islands, Alvaro Fernandez, Thomas J. Lapen, Rasmus Andreasen, Peter K. Swart, Christopher D. White, Brad E. Rosenheim
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We present coral- and sclerosponge-based reconstructions of the 14C content in North Atlantic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) during the last ~100 years from the subtropical cells (STCs). These waters are sensitive to the dynamics of the shallow overturning meridional circulation that transports heat and water masses from the subtropics to the tropics. We use these records to investigate the circulation patterns of the off-equatorial upwelling regions of the STCs, which are not well understood. Coral and sclerosponge skeletons provide long time series of ocean DIC 14C content, a tracer of oceanic circulation, effectively extending the observational record back …
Paleoreconstruction Of Organic Carbon Inputs To An Oxbow Lake In The Mississippi River Watershed: Effects Of Dam Construction And Land Use Change On Regional Inputs, Thomas S. Bianchi, Valier Galy, Brad E. Rosenheim, Michael Shields, Xingqian Cui, Peter Van Metre
Paleoreconstruction Of Organic Carbon Inputs To An Oxbow Lake In The Mississippi River Watershed: Effects Of Dam Construction And Land Use Change On Regional Inputs, Thomas S. Bianchi, Valier Galy, Brad E. Rosenheim, Michael Shields, Xingqian Cui, Peter Van Metre
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We use a dated sediment core from Lake Whittington (USA) in the lower Mississippi River to reconstruct linkages in the carbon cycling and fluvial sediment dynamics over the past 80 years. Organic carbon (OC) sources were characterized using bulk (δ13C, ramped pyrolysis-oxidation (PyrOx) 14C, δ15N, and TN:OC ratios) and compound-specific (lignin phenols and fatty acids, including δ13C and 14C of the fatty acids) analyses. Damming of the Missouri River in the 1950s, other hydrological modifications to the river, and soil conservation measures resulted in reduced net OC export, in spite of increasing …
What Happens To Soil Organic Carbon As Coastal Marsh Ecosystems Change In Response To Increasing Salinity? An Exploration Using Ramped Pyrolysis, Elizabeth K. Williams, Brad E. Rosenheim
What Happens To Soil Organic Carbon As Coastal Marsh Ecosystems Change In Response To Increasing Salinity? An Exploration Using Ramped Pyrolysis, Elizabeth K. Williams, Brad E. Rosenheim
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coastal wetlands store vast amounts of organic carbon, globally, and are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of anthropogenic sea level rise. To understand the effect of sea level rise on organic carbon fate and preservation in this global sink, it is necessary to characterize differences in the biogeochemical stability of coastal wetland soil organic carbon (SOC). Here we use ramped pyrolysis/oxidation decomposition characteristics as proxies for SOC stability to understand the fate of carbon storage in coastal wetlands comprising the Mississippi River deltaic plain, undergoing rapid rates of local sea level rise. Soils from three wetland types (fresh, brackish, …