Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Makara Journal of Science

Journal

2022

Discipline
Keyword

Articles 1 - 22 of 22

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Prevalence And Plasmid Profiles Of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Obtained From Individuals With Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, Osarumwense Precious Otote, Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu, Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa, Happy Ovuerhi Oferiofe Dec 2022

Prevalence And Plasmid Profiles Of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Obtained From Individuals With Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, Osarumwense Precious Otote, Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu, Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa, Happy Ovuerhi Oferiofe

Makara Journal of Science

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of bacteria in apparently healthy individuals. Although, the prevalence varies widely with age, gender, and the presence or absence of genitourinary abnormalities, the detection of pathogenic bacteria in urine constitutes firm evidence of infection. The objectives of this study were to isolate members of the family Enterobacteriaceae from urine samples of research participants, and to determine the antibacterial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of the isolates. A total of 122 mid-stream urine samples consisting of 72 male and 50 female participants from selected primary and secondary schools were collected. The age of the participants used …

Go to article

Application Of Accuracy And Precision Evaluations Based On The Current United States And Indonesian Pharmacopoeias: A Critical Review, Gunawan Indrayanto Dec 2022

Application Of Accuracy And Precision Evaluations Based On The Current United States And Indonesian Pharmacopoeias: A Critical Review, Gunawan Indrayanto

Makara Journal of Science

New methods for the evaluation of accuracy and precision are mentioned in the latest edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), whereas other validation parameters, that is, selectivity, linearity, range, and robustness, remained relatively unchanged. In obtaining reliable data from any chemical/pharmaceutical analysis, the analytical procedure must be validated or verified in accordance with the latest edition of the pharmacopoeia. Some review articles on the general validation methods have been published by the author. This present review will focus on the implementation and discussion of the accuracy and precision evaluation based on the current USP and Indonesian pharmacopoeia. Some examples …

Go to article

Chitosan Oligosaccharides As A Nanomaterial Platform: Biological Properties And Applications In The Biomedical And Pharmaceutical Fields, Muhamad Alif Razi Dec 2022

Chitosan Oligosaccharides As A Nanomaterial Platform: Biological Properties And Applications In The Biomedical And Pharmaceutical Fields, Muhamad Alif Razi

Makara Journal of Science

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been introduced as marine-derived biomaterials with potential health benefits and good water solubility properties. This study presents an overview of the promising nanomaterial platform for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of COS. The health benefits of COS, primarily their antioxidant and protective effects, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic properties, and cholesterol-lowering effects are discussed. Furthermore, the promising recent articles on specific topics such as drug delivery systems and nanobiomaterials, are highlighted

Go to article

Development And Optimization Of An Immunoassay For The Detection Of Antibodies Against Sars-Cov-2 With In-House Recombinant Rbd Protein, Safira Pinaka Pramestika Ratu, Silmi Mariya, Rachmitasari Noviana, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Salahudin Darusman Sep 2022

Development And Optimization Of An Immunoassay For The Detection Of Antibodies Against Sars-Cov-2 With In-House Recombinant Rbd Protein, Safira Pinaka Pramestika Ratu, Silmi Mariya, Rachmitasari Noviana, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Salahudin Darusman

Makara Journal of Science

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses a major threat to the global community, particularly in Indonesia. Countermeasures to prevent the spread of this disease have also been implemented, including the implementation of a vaccination program. An immunoassay technique that can be used to analyze antibodies that might develop following vaccination is the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We produced the recombinant spike protein used in this study. The optimization comprised adjusted concentrations of spike recombinant protein (5 and 10 ng/mL), blocking agent (2.5% and 5%), and conjugate (1:1000 and 1:5000). The optimal conditions in this study included a spiked concentration of …

Go to article

Estimation Of The Bubble Point Pressure Of Multicomponent Reservoir Hydrocarbon Fluids, Benjamin Sunday Usen, Chidi Obi Sep 2022

Estimation Of The Bubble Point Pressure Of Multicomponent Reservoir Hydrocarbon Fluids, Benjamin Sunday Usen, Chidi Obi

Makara Journal of Science

This study developed a novel C-sharp (C#) programming language for the estimation of bubble point pressure (BPP) of various hydrocarbon mixtures at equilibrium state. The methodology was based on vapor–liquid equilibrium calculation using Peng Robinson equation of state implementation, thermodynamic equilibrium calculation and Newton-Raphson’s method for the successive substitution of the unknown variables. The equal fugacity constraint can be satisfied by obtaining the equilibrium which serves as a criterion for two or more phases to exist at equilibrium. The problem was resolved by searching for a pressure that will satisfy the two constraints. Complex calculation was performed by successively substituting …

Go to article

Comparative Photovoltaics Of P3ht:N2200 And P3ht: Small-Gap Fullerene Ethyl-Nipecotate Bulk Heterojunction Structures, Md. Nasir Uddin, Rafiqul Islam, Muhibur Rahman, Nazia Chawdhury Sep 2022

Comparative Photovoltaics Of P3ht:N2200 And P3ht: Small-Gap Fullerene Ethyl-Nipecotate Bulk Heterojunction Structures, Md. Nasir Uddin, Rafiqul Islam, Muhibur Rahman, Nazia Chawdhury

Makara Journal of Science

This work deals with the study on the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of a p-type organic semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT) and the absorption spectra of an n-type fullerene-based small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate (Fullerene-EN) and a non-fullerene-based polynaphthalene bithiophene (N2200) semiconducting materials. The band gap of P3HT, N2200, and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate are 2.42, 1.65, and 1.51 eV, respectively, calculated from experimental results through the Tauc equation. Active layers with blends of P3HT and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate and P3HT and N2200 have been used to fabricate bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures. The P3HT:N2200 BHJ structure follows the current density versus …

Go to article

Mutation Of Aspergillus Sp. Using Ultraviolet Light And Nitrous Acid For Amylase Production From Banana Peels, Cyprian Erumiseli Oshoma, Johnson Oche Akor, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Marcel James Ikenebomeh Sep 2022

Mutation Of Aspergillus Sp. Using Ultraviolet Light And Nitrous Acid For Amylase Production From Banana Peels, Cyprian Erumiseli Oshoma, Johnson Oche Akor, Beckley Ikhajiagbe, Marcel James Ikenebomeh

Makara Journal of Science

Strain improvement through mutagenesis is important in the commercial development of microbial fermentation. This study aimed to produce amylase from banana (Musa sapientum) peels by using mutant Aspergillus sp. strains obtained via ultraviolet (UV) radiation and nitrous acid-based mutagenesis. Results revealed that banana peels pretreated with 0.8 N HCl had a biomass yield of 3.02 g/L and amylase activity of 2.81 U/L. Of the UV mutants, strain AUV1 had the highest biomass and amylase activity of 4.50 ± 0.21 g/L and 3.46 ± 0.14 U/L, respectively. Subsequently, HNO2 mutants showed that strain ANA6 had 30.64% and …

Go to article

Metabolite Signature Of Fresh And Long-Term Stored Coffee Pulp And Husk, Wahyu Lestari, Kartini Hasballah, Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan, Sofia Sofia Sep 2022

Metabolite Signature Of Fresh And Long-Term Stored Coffee Pulp And Husk, Wahyu Lestari, Kartini Hasballah, Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan, Sofia Sofia

Makara Journal of Science

Every product from the food and agriculture industry produces waste that can cause environmental pollution when carelessly discarded. Coffee husk and pulp are the main wastes generated by coffee processing. The secondary metabolites in these wastes can still be utilized, but their level can be affected by long storage. This research aims to determine the differences in the compounds obtained from old and fresh Gayo Arabica coffee pulp and husk. Coffee husk and pulp samples from Gayo Arabica coffee are extracted for GC-MS analysis to determine similarities between fresh and long-term stored Gayo Arabica coffee husk and pulp. Results show …

Go to article

Synthesis Of Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Beads For Acetaminophen Delivery, Anesylvia Angan, Nonni Soraya Sambudi Sep 2022

Synthesis Of Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Beads For Acetaminophen Delivery, Anesylvia Angan, Nonni Soraya Sambudi

Makara Journal of Science

Conventional drug delivery systems usually involve the intake of multiple drugs, which could amplify the risk of overdosing. Acetaminophen is a widely used pain relief substance that is prone to accidental overdosing. Hence, a controlled drug delivery system is needed to ensure its efficacy. A nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/alginate system that was used as a drug carrier for acetaminophen was synthesized through the sol-gel method, and the mechanism underlying its controlled drug delivery was investigated. Spherical nanocomposite bead samples were synthesized by incorporating 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% hydroxyapatite into mixtures containing alginate. The mixtures were then dropped into calcium …

Go to article

Silver Nanoparticles’ Biosynthesis And Characterization With The Extract Of Jatropha Curcas Leaf: Analysis Of Corrosion Inhibition Activity, Talabi Henry Kayode, Talabi Justina Yetunde, Adewuyi Benjamin Omotayo Jun 2022

Silver Nanoparticles’ Biosynthesis And Characterization With The Extract Of Jatropha Curcas Leaf: Analysis Of Corrosion Inhibition Activity, Talabi Henry Kayode, Talabi Justina Yetunde, Adewuyi Benjamin Omotayo

Makara Journal of Science

The plant-mediated nanoparticles synthesis process is gaining popularity because of its effective cost, eco-friendliness, and nontoxic nature. The current study presents the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which synthesized with AgNO3 as precursor salt and Jatropha curcas leaf extract. J. curcas leaf extract has phytochemicals that could reduce the precursor metal salt to nanoparticles and act as a capping agent surround the nanoparticles to enhance its stability. Phytochemical screening on J. curcas leaf extract showed that alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavanoids, steroids, philobatannins, phenols, and cardiac glycosides are contained in the sample. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were investigated by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray …

Go to article

Co-Microencapsulation Of Ruellia Tuberosa L. And Cosmos Caudatus K. Extracts For Pharmaceutical Applications, Choirin Annisa, Sasangka Prasetyawan, Anna Safitri Jun 2022

Co-Microencapsulation Of Ruellia Tuberosa L. And Cosmos Caudatus K. Extracts For Pharmaceutical Applications, Choirin Annisa, Sasangka Prasetyawan, Anna Safitri

Makara Journal of Science

This study aims to co-microencapsulate the Ruellia tuberosa L. and Cosmos caudatus K. extracts, with chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (Na-TPP) as coating material. α-Amylase inhibition and antioxidant assays were conducted to determine the potential of microcapsules used as antidiabetic agents. The microcapsules were manufactured under the influences of pH, Na-TPP concentration, and stirring time. The optimum microencapsulation conditions were selected based on the highest encapsulation efficiency. The optimum microencapsulation conditions were a pH of 4, Na-TPP concentration of 0.15% (w/v), and stirring time of 60 min. The microcapsules exhibited an IC50 (inhibitory concentration) value of 223.64 ± 0.81 µg/mL and an …

Go to article

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe Jun 2022

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Makara Journal of Science

Jatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity. However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin and α-tocopherol …

Go to article

Molecular Identification Of Cryptococcus Neoformans Isolates From House Environments Of Hiv-Infected Patients In An Urban Area, Indonesia: A First Report, Machrumnizar Machrumnizar, Robiatul Adawiyah, Tjahjani Natriana, Darma Imran, Mohammad Muslim, Sjamsuridzal Wellyzar, Retno Wahyuningsih Jun 2022

Molecular Identification Of Cryptococcus Neoformans Isolates From House Environments Of Hiv-Infected Patients In An Urban Area, Indonesia: A First Report, Machrumnizar Machrumnizar, Robiatul Adawiyah, Tjahjani Natriana, Darma Imran, Mohammad Muslim, Sjamsuridzal Wellyzar, Retno Wahyuningsih

Makara Journal of Science

Cryptococcus neoformans isolates were previously obtained from pigeon droppings in Jakarta. This study aimed to determine another source of infection and describe the supporting niche of the fungus. The occurrence of C. neoformans was evaluated in 110 samples of decaying wood and leaves, tree hollow debris, dust, and bird droppings. Yeasts isolates were collected from 22 houses of HIV-infected patients. The isolates were identified based on culture characteristics, an assimilation test, and URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. The spatial analysis was conducted in geographical information system to determine dominant house and environmental factors. Seven of the 120 …

Go to article

A Morphological And Molecular Study Of Phallus Multicolor In Indonesia, Rudy Hermawan, Ivan Permana Putra, Mega Putri Amelya, Mochammad Rizky Wangsadireja Gunawan Jun 2022

A Morphological And Molecular Study Of Phallus Multicolor In Indonesia, Rudy Hermawan, Ivan Permana Putra, Mega Putri Amelya, Mochammad Rizky Wangsadireja Gunawan

Makara Journal of Science

Phallus is known as stinkhorn mushroom. Previous reports have shown that this genus is recognized by the size and color of the basidioma, which is a highly plastic morphological character that can potentially lead to misidentification. In Indonesia, no study has combined morphological and molecular analyses to identify Phallus. This study aimed to determine the identity of Phallus that has the orange color of an indusium found in Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia. The morphological characteristics were described by observing the macroscopic and microscopic features of fresh specimens. Molecular analyses were performed based on the internal transcribed spacer 4/5 region …

Go to article

Bio-Insecticide’S Extract Of Scented Root (Polygala Paniculata) In Controlling The Mosquito Aedes Aegypti (L.), Denai Wahyuni, Nila Puspita Sari, Jasril Jasril, Jufrizal Syahri Jun 2022

Bio-Insecticide’S Extract Of Scented Root (Polygala Paniculata) In Controlling The Mosquito Aedes Aegypti (L.), Denai Wahyuni, Nila Puspita Sari, Jasril Jasril, Jufrizal Syahri

Makara Journal of Science

Controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with chemical insecticides causes resistance on humans, environmental residues, and contaminates food and water. Polygala paniculata is a potential alternative to insecticides in controlling Ae. aegypti. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Insecticide Score of P. paniculata extracts on the mortality of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes based on KT50. A total of 20 mosquitoes for each concentration were used to examine the effectiveness of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentration of P. paniculata extracts compared to a positive and a negative control with four replications. The results showed that P. paniculata extracts …

Go to article

Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antifungal, And Hemagglutination Screening Of Quercus Agrifolia Nee Root Extracts, Abdul Wahab, Arshad Farid, Muhammad Muzammal Jun 2022

Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antifungal, And Hemagglutination Screening Of Quercus Agrifolia Nee Root Extracts, Abdul Wahab, Arshad Farid, Muhammad Muzammal

Makara Journal of Science

In the current study, the roots of Quercus agrifolia Nee were subjected to phytochemical analysis to determine the presence of various compound groups. To explore the effect of Quercus agrifolia Nee roots, we evaluated four solvent extracts, namely, crude ethanolic extract (CEE), n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), for their antibacterial, antifungal, and hemagglutination activities. Agar well diffusion and agar tube dilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal effects, respectively, and hemagglutination activity was measured against human erythrocyte blood groups. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the solvent extracts of Quercus agrifolia Nee roots …

Go to article

Application Of A Photoacoustic Tomography System: A Case Study On The Monitoring Of Pig Tissue Decomposition, Lusiana Sandra Oey, Mitrayana Mitrayana, Moh. Ali Joko Wasono Mar 2022

Application Of A Photoacoustic Tomography System: A Case Study On The Monitoring Of Pig Tissue Decomposition, Lusiana Sandra Oey, Mitrayana Mitrayana, Moh. Ali Joko Wasono

Makara Journal of Science

Pig carcasses have been used in forensic research because they share several similarities to human cadaver, including decomposition. In several studies, the decomposition of pig’s cadaver for a certain time can be used as a model to determine the time of death of a human. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the days of spoilage of pig tissue and the level of average sound intensity produced by the sample. Then, in this study, pig skeletal muscles were allowed to decay with a variation of 1–5 days. Afterward, these muscles were imaged using diode laser-based photoacoustic tomography. Results …

Go to article

An In Silico Study Of The Cathepsin L Inhibitory Activity Of Bioactive Compounds In Stachytarpheta Jamaicensis As A Covid-19 Drug Therapy, Juliyatin Putri Utami, Nia Kurnianingsih, Mohammad Reza Faisal Mar 2022

An In Silico Study Of The Cathepsin L Inhibitory Activity Of Bioactive Compounds In Stachytarpheta Jamaicensis As A Covid-19 Drug Therapy, Juliyatin Putri Utami, Nia Kurnianingsih, Mohammad Reza Faisal

Makara Journal of Science

Inhibition of cathepsin L (Cat L) can be considered a target for COVID-19 treatment. Starchytapheta jamaicensis is a plant from the Verbenaceae family that is commonly used for medicinal purposes. This study aims to analyze the inhibitory activities of compounds of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis toward Cat L by computational docking analysis. Ten compounds contained in the extracts (i.e., α-spinasterol, apigenin, luteolol-7-glucuronide, friedelin, hispidulin, chlorogenic acid, ipolamiide, geraniol, hentriacontane, and γ-aminobutyric acid) were selected as ligands; decanoyl-arg-val-lys-arg-chloromethylketone and oxocarbazate were used as the reference. Computational docking analysis was performed using Autodock Vina integrated into PyRx 8.0 and visualized using the Discovery Studio …

Go to article

Application Of Gellan Gum Biopolymer In Biomedical Applications: A Review, Norsyakirah Izzati Hishamuddin, Mohd Hasmizam Razali, Khairul Anuar Mat Amin Mar 2022

Application Of Gellan Gum Biopolymer In Biomedical Applications: A Review, Norsyakirah Izzati Hishamuddin, Mohd Hasmizam Razali, Khairul Anuar Mat Amin

Makara Journal of Science

Gellan gum (GG) has gained considerable attention in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its functional characteristics. It has versatile properties, such as water solubility, easy bio-fabrication, good film/hydrogel-formation, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. These properties render GG a promising material in biomedical applications, specifically in the development of wound dressing materials. In this review, the use of GG biopolymer as a wound dressing material was discussed. Various fillers, such as titanium dioxides, clay, drug, and honey, have been incorporated in GG to produce film, hydrogel, or scaffold materials. The effects of filler on the mechanical performance, physical properties, antibacterial …

Go to article

Analysis Of Pelvic Bone Of Ovariectomized Rats Using Infrared And Raman Spectroscopies, Nurwentari Dyah Fitriyawardhani, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, Neng Nenden Mulyaningsih Mar 2022

Analysis Of Pelvic Bone Of Ovariectomized Rats Using Infrared And Raman Spectroscopies, Nurwentari Dyah Fitriyawardhani, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, Neng Nenden Mulyaningsih

Makara Journal of Science

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that generally occurs in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis can be studied using an animal model such as rats because rat bone structure is similar to human bone structure. This research aimed to analyze pelvic bones of ovariectomized rats that showed osteoporosis signs for the first time. In this study, 20 Rattus norvegicus were given ovariectomy at 12 weeks of age and were used as an animal model for menopausal women. The rats were euthanized every 2 weeks from 13 to 21 weeks of age. In addition, the pelvic bones of ovariectomized rats will be analyzed using …

Go to article

Evaluation Of Nitrite Concentration In Edible Bird’S Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, And Red Blood), Siti Gusti Ningrum, Bagus Uda Palgunad, Rochiman Sasmita Mar 2022

Evaluation Of Nitrite Concentration In Edible Bird’S Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, And Red Blood), Siti Gusti Ningrum, Bagus Uda Palgunad, Rochiman Sasmita

Makara Journal of Science

The color of edible bird’s nest is associated with its nitrite concentration, but this relationship remains inconclusive. This investigation aimed to evaluate the nitrite content in edible bird’s nest of four different colors: white, yellow, orange, and red blood. Fifty-eight edible bird’s nest samples were obtained from five swiftlet farmhouses in Borneo Island, Indonesia and analyzed for nitrite content using Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the dark-colored edible bird’s nests (yellow, orange, and red blood) had higher nitrite concentrations of 304, 317, and 309 ppm, respectively, compared with the white-colored one (15 ppm). Therefore, the color of edible …

Go to article

Antibacterial, Hemagglutination, And Insecticidal Activity Studies On The Solvent Extracts Of The Roots Of Olea Ferruginea, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Kamran, Arshad Farid, Salmah Ismail, Muhammad Muzammal, Kamal Abdul Amir, Muhammad Hashim Khan, Sohail Ahmad, Sheikh Abdur Rashid Mar 2022

Antibacterial, Hemagglutination, And Insecticidal Activity Studies On The Solvent Extracts Of The Roots Of Olea Ferruginea, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Kamran, Arshad Farid, Salmah Ismail, Muhammad Muzammal, Kamal Abdul Amir, Muhammad Hashim Khan, Sohail Ahmad, Sheikh Abdur Rashid

Makara Journal of Science

Olea ferruginea has been used to treat skin ailments, as well as kidney and ocular problems for a long time. The current study was designed with the aim of investigating and scientifically validating its widespread use. Chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to assess the antibacterial, hemagglutination, and insecticidal properties of O. ferruginea roots. Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were among the bacterial strains selected for assessing antibacterial activity. The results showed that ethyl-acetate (EtOAc) extract (56%) and chloroform (CHCl3) extract (56%) showed the widest zone of inhibition against …

Go to article