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Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment determined the impact of type of supplemental carbohydrate and amount of supplemental ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on intake and digestion of prairie hay. Fourteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were supplemented with one of two carbohydrates (corn starch or the simple sugar glucose) at 0.30% of body weight and one of seven levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, or 0.195% of body weight). Two additional steers served as controls (non-supplemented steers, i.e., no carbohydrate or RDP supplementation). Forage intake and digestion were substantially improved by increasing amounts of supplemental RDP. Supplemental carbohydrate with …
Effect Of Full-Fat Corn Germ And Vitamin E On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers (2003), Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Effect Of Full-Fat Corn Germ And Vitamin E On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers (2003), Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eight hundred eighty-eight crossbred beef heifers weighing 837 lb were used in a 105- day finishing study to evaluate full-fat corn germ as a lipid source and added vitamin E in finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial and consisted of finishing diets formulated to provide no added fat (Control), 4% tallow (Tallow), or 10% or 15% full fat corn germ on a dry matter basis (10%FFG and 15%FFG, respectively) with or without 2000 IU of additional vitamin E per heifer daily. No fat x vitamin E interaction was detected. Fat addition decreased …
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 588 finishing beef heifers (705 lb initially) to compare tallow and dried full-fat corn germ as supplemental energy sources. Pens of 20 to 50 heifers were fed finishing diets containing 1) tallow or 2) corn germ. The tallow diet contained (dry basis) 46% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, 1.5% soybean meal, and 4% tallow. The corn germ diet contained 41% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, and 10% corn germ. Diets provided 300 mg monensin, 90 mg tylosin, and 0.5 mg MGA per heifer daily and …
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation (2003), E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation (2003), E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers (2003), E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers (2003), E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred yearling heifers (n = 394) were used to compare the effect of high or low blood glucose measured at arrival on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. A blood sample was collected when heifers arrived at the Beef Cattle Research Center, and heifers were sorted into two groups: high or low blood glucose. The mean blood glucose concentration of the heifers was 57 ± 2 mg/dL in the low group and 78 ± 2 mg/dL in the high group. Heifers that had low blood glucose at arrival consumed more feed (P=0.02), tended to have increased final bodyweight and rate of …
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixteen crossbred steers weighing 875 lb were used to evaluate the effects of a 5% ground flaxseed supplement and a combined trenbolone acetate/estradiol (TBA/E2) growth promoting implant, Revalor-S®, on both circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and local muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentrations. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: . 1) Flax/Implant, 2) No Flax/ Implant, 3) Flax/No Implant, 4) No Flax/No Implant. Serum was harvested from blood collected via jugular venipuncture on day 0 (before implantation or flax addition), 14, and 28. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the longissimus muscle on days 0, 14, and 28. Implanted …
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires (2003), Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires (2003), Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) data on strip loin steaks were collected from nearly 8,500 cattle in contemporary groups of progeny from the more popular sires in 14 different beef cattle breeds in the Carcass Merit Traits project funded by Beef Checkoff dollars, the breed associations, and MMI Genomics. In addition, trained sensory panel evaluations were conducted on over 2,500 strip loin steaks from contemporary groups of progeny from five sires included in the DNA marker validation component of the project. The correlation between WBSF and tenderness scored by the trained sensory panel was -0.82, indicating that as …
Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service has issued a "zero tolerance" for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. The Food Safety and Inspection Service recommends that consumers "Reheat [hotdogs] until steaming" to reduce the risk of listeriosis. We evaluated L. monocytogenes survival on inoculated frankfurters after reheating using common, in-home consumer practices. Frankfurters were inoculated with a six-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to an initial level of approximately 107 colony forming units (CFU)/gram. Eight inoculated franks for each treatment were cooked using boiling water, a conventional electric oven, or a microwave oven. L. monocytogenes recovery was calculated …
Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle (2003), D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle (2003), D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Field data from the North American Limousin Federation was used to determine the heritability and genetic correlations of body condition score (BCS) with carcass traits. Carcass traits included carcass weight, ribeye area, fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and % kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, and all were estimated to be lowly to moderately heritable (0.14 to 0.34). Heritability of BCS was 0.19. Favorable correlations existed between ribeye area and carcass weight (0.50), ribeye area and BCS (0.60), and carcass weight and BCS (0.28). Unfavorable correlations existed among ribeye area and intramuscular fat (-0.40), carcass weight and intramuscular fat (-0.23), and intramuscular …
Flavor Characterization Of Top Blade, Top Sirloin, And Tenderloin Steaks From A- And B-Maturity Carcasses Of High And Normal Ph (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Westcott
Flavor Characterization Of Top Blade, Top Sirloin, And Tenderloin Steaks From A- And B-Maturity Carcasses Of High And Normal Ph (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Westcott
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The infraspinatus muscle (top blade steak) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin steak) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin steak) from the loin were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal ultimate pH (5.7 or less) or high pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate flavor profile characteristics. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, and 35 days. A highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Muscles from high pH (dark cutting) carcasses had less typical beef flavor identity and less …
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Infraspinatus (top blade), gluteus medius (top sirloin), and psoas major (tenderloin) steaks were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses that had either a high (≥6.0) or normal (≤ 5.7) pH, and either slight or small marbling. The steaks were vacuum aged until either 7, 14, 21, or 35 days postmortem. The steaks were broiled and served to a highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel. Steaks with livery flavor were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses for flavor compounds. Steaks aged until 7 or 35 days postmortem were analyzed for the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content to determine lipid oxidation …
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 160 steers grazed "˜Red River' crabgrass pastures that were either fertilized with additional nitrogen (N) or interseeded with lespedeza during the summers of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Wheat was also grazed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to crabgrass emergence. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Available forage dry matter and grazing steer performance were similar between pastures of crabgrass fertilized with additional N and those interseeded with lespedeza in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In 1999, finishing feed intake, finishing gain and ribeye area were higher (P0.05) …
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks (2003), E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks (2003), E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with sodium diacetate against L. monoyctogenes on beef frank samples stored at 39°F. Initial inoculum level of L. monocytogenes was 1.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/cm2. After 6 weeks of incubation at 39°F, the pathogen reached 5.4 log CFU/cm2 in the control sample, but was 1.2 log CFU/cm2 and 0.85 log CFU/cm2 in samples treated with 1% buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with 0.1% sodium diacetate, respectively. Use of buffered sodium citrate and the combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate should improve safety …
High Moisture Tempering Of Corn Before Flaking: Effects On Bacterial Contamination From Houseflies And Fecal Shedding In Finishing Cattle (2003), A.B. Broce, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
High Moisture Tempering Of Corn Before Flaking: Effects On Bacterial Contamination From Houseflies And Fecal Shedding In Finishing Cattle (2003), A.B. Broce, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Tempered and non-tempered steam-flaked corn samples along with total mixed rations containing either tempered or non-tempered steam-flaked corn were exposed to flies and the environment for 21 hours. Exposure to flies and the environment increased (P0.05) alter microbial counts of total mixed rations regardless of tempering (Table 1). Generic E. coli coliforms were greater in total mixed rations when the corn was tempered, both before and after exposure to flies and the environment (P0.05), but acid-resistant (pH 2) non-E. coli and total fecal coliforms (Table 2) were lower in feces of cattle fed the tempered grain than those fed non-tempered …
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fifty-four crossbred finishing steers were used to measure the effects of reducing supplemental protein (nitrogen) on feedlot performance and fecal shedding of acid-resistant Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. A control diet (15.0% crude protein; high protein) was compared to a low protein diet (8.9% crude protein; low protein) from which supplemental nitrogen sources (urea and soybean meal) were removed for the last 8 days of the feeding period. Fecal E. coli and coliform populations were measured prior to harvest. Removal of supplemental nitrogen from feedlot cattle diets did not substantially reduce populations of acid-resistant fecal E. coli and coliforms. …
Influence Of Low-Level Supplementation With A High-Protein Feed On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range During The Fall (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Martson, David M. Grieger, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham, D.D. Simms
Influence Of Low-Level Supplementation With A High-Protein Feed On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range During The Fall (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Martson, David M. Grieger, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham, D.D. Simms
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of hand feeding a limited quantity of a high-protein supplement during the fall grazing period on cow and calf performance. The time of initiation of supplementation was also evaluated. One-hundred thirty-six multiparous, pregnant, spring-calving cows grazing native range were assigned to supplementation treatments. Control cows received no fall supplementation. Supplemented cows received 0.14% of body weight per day (1.5 lbs per day) of a high-protein supplement (40% crude protein, as-fed basis) approximately 2 months before and after weaning (Aug 15 to Dec 14; weaning = Oct 15) or only after weaning (Oct …
Energy Supplementation Of Steers Grazing Early-Season, Native Range: Effects On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance And Carcass Merit (2003), Sean P. Montgomery, R.L. Packard, J.C. Forcherio, R.R. Scott, Dale A. Blasi
Energy Supplementation Of Steers Grazing Early-Season, Native Range: Effects On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance And Carcass Merit (2003), Sean P. Montgomery, R.L. Packard, J.C. Forcherio, R.R. Scott, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred beef steers (n = 328, initially 495 lb) were used to determine the effects of energy supplementation on grazing and subsequent finishing performance of steers grazing early-season, native range. Treatments consisted of either no supplemental energy or access to feeders containing a free choice, grain-based energy supplement. On the first day of the grazing period, steers were weighed and randomly allotted among eight pastures, providing four replications per treatment. Stocking density was 34% higher for supplemented than for unsupplemented pastures. At the end of the grazing period, steers were transported to a commercial feedlot and allowed ad libitum access …
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn (2003), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn (2003), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated tempering moisture concentration, addition of a surfactant to improve moisture uptake, steam conditioning time, and flake density to determine their impact on characteristics of steam-flaked corn. Increasing steam conditioning time from 20 to 40 minutes or adding a surfactant during tempering did not increase final flake moisture concentration, but moisture content of flaked corn was linearly increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration. Addition of Grain Prep® surfactant during tempering decreased (P<0.05) the amount of moisture lost during flaking. Flake durability was increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration, but only if corn was steamed for 40 minutes (tempering moisture x steam time interaction; P<0.10). Decreasing flake density linearly increased both starch availability (P<0.01) and flake durability (P<0.05). In this experiment, tempering moisture concentration had the largest impact on flake moisture content, and flake density was the most influential variable altering flake durability and starch availability.
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 723 crossbred heifers (468 lb initially) to evaluate the effects of including melengestrol acetate (MGA) in receiving diets on growth performance, morbidity, mortality, and carcass characteristics. Treatments were: 1) MGA included in the receiving diet at a rate of 0.5 mg per heifer daily or 2) no MGA in the receiving diet. Diets were fed once daily and contained 42% steam-flaked corn, 45% alfalfa hay, 6% steep liquor, and 2% tallow; monensin and tylosin were included. Receiving diets were fed for 35 days. After 35 days MGA was fed to all heifers, and cattle were …