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Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of a saturated steam-based post-process pasteurization system to reduce/ eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters was evaluated. Frankfurters were packaged individually or in a single layer format (4 per package, touching). Samples were surface treated with 2% lactic acid, 4% lactic acid, 2% buffered sodium citrate, or 2% buffered sodium lactate, vacuum packaged, and steam pasteurized to end-point surface temperatures of 160, 170 or 180°F using a Townsend Post-Process Pasteurization system (formerly Stork-RMS Protecon). Pasteurization of inoculated single layer franks to surface end point temperature targets of 160, 170, and 180°F resulted in L. monocytogenes reductions (P<0.05) of 0.92, 1.44 and 2.89 log colony forming units (CFU)/frank, respectively. Greater reductions in L. monocytogenes populations were observed for individually packaged frankfurters with 2.32, 4.62 and 6.52 log CFU/frank reductions at target surface end point temperatures of 160, 170, and 180°F, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were …
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred Angus calves (n=141) were used to determine the effect of castration age and implant on weaning and preconditioned weights. Calf treatments consisted of: early castration at 90 days of age with no growth implant, early castration with a growth implant (Synovex C) at 90 days of age, or late castration at weaning (226 days of age). All calves completed a preconditioning program that consisted of timely vaccinations (21 days prior and at weaning) and a 28-day, post-weaning feeding period. Steers that were early castrated/implanted had weaning weights similar to those of bull calves, and both groups weighed 15 lb …
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding system costs were estimated for natural service and various estrous synchronization plus artificial insemination (AI) systems. Cost per pregnancy was lower for natural service than AI; however, for the large herd size the difference was small for some synchronization systems examined. When the value of an AI-sired calf at weaning was included as $25 greater than a natural service sired calf, several synchronization systems had lower breakeven prices than natural service. Assuming skilled labor could be obtained, systems that involved more heat detection time were more profitable than strict timed insemination systems. Producers that can obtain greater returns from …
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …
Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Spices and plant components are being used more often in food products as natural antimicrobials. Dried plums are effective antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ability of dried plum mixtures to increase the shelf life of ground beef at refrigeration temperatures. Ground beef (80% lean) was mixed with 6% dried plum mixtures and stored at 45°F. Ground meat containing any of the seven dried plum mixtures remained at the initial total aerobic count of 6 log CFU/gram after 13 days compared to 8.5 log CFU/gram at 13 days for …
Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) spray using variable application temperatures, pressures, and times was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surfaces of commercial frankfurters and Polish sausage. Frankfurters and Polish sausage were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (101M, 109, 108M, serotype 4c ATCC, and serotype 3 ATCC) and subjected to no treatment, CPC treatment, and CPC followed by water treatment. CPC (1%) was applied to the frankfurters and Polish sausage by spraying in a cabinet using all combinations of 77, 104, and 131°F spray temperatures; 20, 25, and 35 psi spray pressures; and …
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …
Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of providing six levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; protein that is available to ruminal microbes) in combination with two levels of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP; protein that is not available to the ruminal microbes, but can be digested directly by cattle) on the intake and digestion of low-quality prairie hay. Twelve steers were provided unlimited access to low-quality prairie hay (5.3% crude protein and 71.7% neutral detergent fiber) throughout the trial. To simulate dietary RUP, casein was infused abomasally once daily at either 0 or 0.087% of body weight. To simulate …
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred yearling heifers (n = 394) were used to compare the effect of high or low blood glucose measured at arrival on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. A blood sample was collected when heifers arrived at the Beef Cattle Research Center, and heifers were sorted into two groups: high or low blood glucose. The mean blood glucose concentration of the heifers was 57 ± 2 mg/dL in the low group and 78 ± 2 mg/dL in the high group. Heifers that had low blood glucose at arrival consumed more feed (P=0.02), tended to have increased final bodyweight and rate of …
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Aboveground biomass production was measured on upland and lowland prairie in replicated, ungrazed watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS) that were burned annually for seven years in either autumn (November), winter (February), or spring (April). Average grass and forb biomass did not significantly differ among burn seasons on either topographic site, although production fluctuated considerably over years. Results of this study contrast with many of the conventional views of how tallgrass prairie vegetation responds to seasonal fire.
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results, C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results, C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Significant changes in fed cattle marketing methods have occurred over time. This report summarizes a survey conducted to determine current and intended marketing practices of cattle feeders. Use of marketing agreements has increased over time. In 1996, 23% of cattle fed by survey respondents were sold under some type of marketing agreement. This increased to 52% in 2001 and was expected to increase to 65% by 2006. Use by cattle feeders of cash live and carcass weight pricing is expected to decline, and grid pricing is expected to increase substantially over time. The percentage of cattle that survey respondents marketed …
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks, E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks, E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with sodium diacetate against L. monoyctogenes on beef frank samples stored at 39°F. Initial inoculum level of L. monocytogenes was 1.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/cm2. After 6 weeks of incubation at 39°F, the pathogen reached 5.4 log CFU/cm2 in the control sample, but was 1.2 log CFU/cm2 and 0.85 log CFU/cm2 in samples treated with 1% buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with 0.1% sodium diacetate, respectively. Use of buffered sodium citrate and the combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate should improve safety …
Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch, A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger
Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch, A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Previous research demonstrated that an estrus-synchronization program using a short period of melengestrol acetate (MGA) feeding in conjunction with a Cosynch protocol was effective in synchronizing estrus in postpartum beef cows. The objective of our study was to test this synchronization protocol (7-11 Cosynch) in yearling beef heifers in comparison to a Cosynch protocol. Fifty-eight commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned randomly to two protocols: Cosynch (n=29) and 7-11 Cosynch (n=29). Beginning on day 1, heifers in the 7-11 Cosynch protocol were fed MGA (0.5 mg/heifer daily) for 7 days. On day 7, the last day of MGA feeding, the …
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time, C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time, C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steaks from 12 loins were used to determine the best time and temperature combinations for blooming (development of a bright-red color) of the longissimus muscle at 2, 14, and 26 days postmortem. The lowest temperature (28°F) provided the fastest rate of bloom when the muscle was 2 days postmortem, and 30 minutes were needed to achieve 75% of final bloom color. For meat 14 days old, greater bloom occurred at 35 and 40°F than at 28°F. For meat 26 days old, rate of bloom was equal at all three temperatures. Thus, packers should bloom carcasses one-half hour at 28°F before …
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle, J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle, J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixteen crossbred steers weighing 875 lb were used to evaluate the effects of a 5% ground flaxseed supplement and a combined trenbolone acetate/estradiol (TBA/E2) growth promoting implant, Revalor-S®, on both circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and local muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentrations. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: . 1) Flax/Implant, 2) No Flax/ Implant, 3) Flax/No Implant, 4) No Flax/No Implant. Serum was harvested from blood collected via jugular venipuncture on day 0 (before implantation or flax addition), 14, and 28. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the longissimus muscle on days 0, 14, and 28. Implanted …
Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi
Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A retrospective analysis of 6,231 head of stocker and feeder cattle comprising 24 separate lots was conducted to evaluate the extent and degree of improper dosing that would have occurred in individual animals if all animals in each lot were treated with a single dosage level of a pharmaceutical product based upon the average weight of the lot. Nine hundred forty-six head would have been overdosed by 10% or more, while 831 head would have been underdosed by 10% or more. Four hundred thirty-eight head would have been overdosed by 15% or more, while 366 head would have been underdosed …
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F, E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F, E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate and a combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate on natural aerobic microflora of ground beef stored at 39°F. For non-treated control and 1% buffered sodium citrate, total aerobic count gradually increased from 4.2 log colony forming units (CFU)/gram initially to 9.0 and 8.7 log CFU/gram, respectively, after 10 days. Both treatments reached the spoilage index number of 7.0 log CFU/gram after 5 days. A combination of 1% buffered sodium citrate and 0.1% sodium diacetate resulted in a total aerobic count of 5.9 log CFU/gram (below the spoilage index) after …
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 723 crossbred heifers (468 lb initially) to evaluate the effects of including melengestrol acetate (MGA) in receiving diets on growth performance, morbidity, mortality, and carcass characteristics. Treatments were: 1) MGA included in the receiving diet at a rate of 0.5 mg per heifer daily or 2) no MGA in the receiving diet. Diets were fed once daily and contained 42% steam-flaked corn, 45% alfalfa hay, 6% steep liquor, and 2% tallow; monensin and tylosin were included. Receiving diets were fed for 35 days. After 35 days MGA was fed to all heifers, and cattle were …
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers, M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers, M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fifty-four crossbred finishing steers were used to measure the effects of reducing supplemental protein (nitrogen) on feedlot performance and fecal shedding of acid-resistant Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. A control diet (15.0% crude protein; high protein) was compared to a low protein diet (8.9% crude protein; low protein) from which supplemental nitrogen sources (urea and soybean meal) were removed for the last 8 days of the feeding period. Fecal E. coli and coliform populations were measured prior to harvest. Removal of supplemental nitrogen from feedlot cattle diets did not substantially reduce populations of acid-resistant fecal E. coli and coliforms. …
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Infraspinatus (top blade), gluteus medius (top sirloin), and psoas major (tenderloin) steaks were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses that had either a high (≥6.0) or normal (≤ 5.7) pH, and either slight or small marbling. The steaks were vacuum aged until either 7, 14, 21, or 35 days postmortem. The steaks were broiled and served to a highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel. Steaks with livery flavor were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses for flavor compounds. Steaks aged until 7 or 35 days postmortem were analyzed for the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content to determine lipid oxidation …
High Moisture Tempering Of Corn Before Flaking: Effects On Bacterial Contamination From Houseflies And Fecal Shedding In Finishing Cattle, A.B. Broce, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
High Moisture Tempering Of Corn Before Flaking: Effects On Bacterial Contamination From Houseflies And Fecal Shedding In Finishing Cattle, A.B. Broce, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Tempered and non-tempered steam-flaked corn samples along with total mixed rations containing either tempered or non-tempered steam-flaked corn were exposed to flies and the environment for 21 hours. Exposure to flies and the environment increased (P0.05) alter microbial counts of total mixed rations regardless of tempering (Table 1). Generic E. coli coliforms were greater in total mixed rations when the corn was tempered, both before and after exposure to flies and the environment (P0.05), but acid-resistant (pH 2) non-E. coli and total fecal coliforms (Table 2) were lower in feces of cattle fed the tempered grain than those fed non-tempered …
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We compared concentrated separator byproduct (CSB) to cane molasses on feedlot performance and carcass merit of 394 crossbred yearling beef heifers fed for 148 days. Sugar beet molasses undergoes a process in which approximately half of the sugar is removed, concentrating protein and mineral in CSB. Compared with cane molasses, CSB has more crude protein, ash, and moisture. Two diets based on steam-flaked corn containing either CSB or cane molasses at 5% (dry matter basis) of the diet were fed. Feedlot performance was similar between heifers fed the two diets (P>0.23). Apparent dietary concentrations of net energy for gain …
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds present at part per billion levels in fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued and smoked meats. Most of these compounds are highly mutagenic, as demonstrated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium. They also are carcinogenic in rodents and non-human primates following high dosage and long term oral administration. For decades, researchers have focused on inhibiting the production of these carcinogens. This research investigates the effects of natural antioxidants in spices or other ingredients on the reduction of heterocyclic amines formation when beef patties are cooked. The term "spice" in this paper includes herbs. Ground beef patties …
Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence
Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixty-eight, spring-born, yearling heifers were raised, estrous synchronized, artificially inseminated once, and then finished at the Kansas State University Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center at Hays to determine the effects of pregnancy status on feedlot performance and carcass traits. To achieve a common endpoint at slaughter, heifers were allotted to one of two slaughter dates to achieve a backfat measurement of 0.5 inch. Therefore, both open and pregnant heifers were slaughtered at either 105 or 147 days (fetal age averaged 174 days for the pregnant heifers). Initial weight, rate of gain, and final weight were similar …
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) data on strip loin steaks were collected from nearly 8,500 cattle in contemporary groups of progeny from the more popular sires in 14 different beef cattle breeds in the Carcass Merit Traits project funded by Beef Checkoff dollars, the breed associations, and MMI Genomics. In addition, trained sensory panel evaluations were conducted on over 2,500 strip loin steaks from contemporary groups of progeny from five sires included in the DNA marker validation component of the project. The correlation between WBSF and tenderness scored by the trained sensory panel was -0.82, indicating that as …
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We pooled the mechanical probe data from two experiments to develop regression equations to predict beef longissimus tenderness. Fifty-three USDA Select strip loins were evaluated at 2 days postmortem with three mechanical probes to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of cooked steaks aged 14 days. The sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probes were correlated to TSP tenderness (r=-0.51, -0.45, and -0.35, respectively)and WBSF (r=0.56, 0.53, and 0.36, respectively). Regression equations developed from sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probe measurements and L* (lightness) values accounted for 49, 50, and 47% of …