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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2008

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Articles 61 - 75 of 75

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Packaging Atmospheres And Injection Enhancement Affect Beef Tenderness And Sensory Traits, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2008

Packaging Atmospheres And Injection Enhancement Affect Beef Tenderness And Sensory Traits, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Case-ready meat provides many benefits, including quality and safety. Meat packaged in high-oxygen (HiO2) modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has a desirable bright red display color but may have increased off- flavors and decreased tenderness. According to several international research reports, steaks aged and packaged in HiO2 MAP had more off-flavor, including warmed-over flavor, and were less tender and juicy than steaks aged in vacuum packaging (VP). Research at Kansas State University found that injection-enhanced beef quadriceps muscles packaged in HiO2 MAP were less tender and had more offflavors than those in ultra-low oxygen MAP. Detrimental effects of O2 on tenderness …

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Vitamin A Restriction During Finishing Benefits Beef Retail Color Display Life (2008), M.J. Daniel, A.M. Arnett, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2008

Vitamin A Restriction During Finishing Benefits Beef Retail Color Display Life (2008), M.J. Daniel, A.M. Arnett, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Because the beef industry commonly uses marbling as an indicator of meat palatability, determining the most cost effective methods of increasing quality grade in cattle is a high priority. Previous research showed that weaning calves at around 90 instead of 200 days of age can be beneficial in reducing cow production costs and increasing marbling in feedlot steers. Other studies demonstrated that high levels of vitamin A inhibit development of intramuscular fat. Vitamin A restriction is used commonly in Japanese cattle to increase marbling scores; this stimulated interest in applying this restriction in U.S. beef production systems. However, little research …

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Prepartum Supplementation Influences Response To Timed Artificial Insemination By Suckled Mature Beef Cows (2008), M.D. Thomas, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J.W. Bolte, N.A. Sproul, D.A. Linden, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger Jan 2008

Prepartum Supplementation Influences Response To Timed Artificial Insemination By Suckled Mature Beef Cows (2008), M.D. Thomas, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J.W. Bolte, N.A. Sproul, D.A. Linden, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fat supplementation before calving (i.e., prepartum) can alter reproductive performance of beef cows. These effects do not seem to be related to energy or protein content of the supplement. Chemical structures of some plant fats are similar to chemical structures of certain reproductive hormones; moreover, some fats are precursors to prostaglandin production. Prepartum vegetable fat supplementation has been associated with improved reproductive performance by cows and heifers managed for artificial insemination (AI) breeding. The biological basis for this effect is not clearly understood but is believed to reflect the influence of fat supplements on cyclicity, body weight, body condition, and …

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Information Needs Regarding The National Animal Identification System In The Livestock Auction Market Industry (2008), K. Bolte, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2008

Information Needs Regarding The National Animal Identification System In The Livestock Auction Market Industry (2008), K. Bolte, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The National Animal Identification System (NAIS) is a federal-level voluntary program that uses a streamlined information system designed to help animal health officials and producers respond to animal health threats in a timely manner.2 Electronic individual animal identification systems likely will be the popular choice among cattle producers who adopt individual animal identification systems. Because auction markets are the first market for many cattle, livestock markets are a natural place to implement animal identification scanning and recording. Therefore, it is important to understand livestock market operators' knowledge, concerns, views, and adoption of the NAIS and electronic animal identification systems. If …

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Length Of The Weaning Period Does Not Affect Post-Weaning Growth Or Health Of Lightweight Summer-Weaned Beef Calves (2008), J.W. Bolte, K. C. Olson, Bradley J. White, Robert L. Larson, George A. Milliken, N.A. Sproul, M.D. Thomas, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson Jan 2008

Length Of The Weaning Period Does Not Affect Post-Weaning Growth Or Health Of Lightweight Summer-Weaned Beef Calves (2008), J.W. Bolte, K. C. Olson, Bradley J. White, Robert L. Larson, George A. Milliken, N.A. Sproul, M.D. Thomas, John R. Jaeger, Daniel U. Thomson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically devastating feedlot disease. Risk factors associated with incidence of BRD include: 1) stress associated with maternal separation; 2) stress associated with introduction to an unfamiliar environment; 3) low feed intake associated with the introduction of novel feedstuffs into the diet; 4) exposure to novel pathogens upon transport to a feeding facility and commingling with unfamiliar cattle; and 5) inappropriately administered respiratory disease vaccination programs. Management practices collectively referred to as preconditioning are thought to minimize carcass damage resulting from BRD. Preconditioning management attempts to eliminate or reduce risk factors for respiratory disease …

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Heifers Sired By Bulls With Low Residual Feed Intake Estimated Breeding Values Have Lower Residual Feed Intake Than Heifers Sired By Bulls With High Residual Feed Intake Estimated Breeding Values (2008), J. Minick Bormann, Daniel W. Moser, T.T. Marston Jan 2008

Heifers Sired By Bulls With Low Residual Feed Intake Estimated Breeding Values Have Lower Residual Feed Intake Than Heifers Sired By Bulls With High Residual Feed Intake Estimated Breeding Values (2008), J. Minick Bormann, Daniel W. Moser, T.T. Marston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed is one of the largest costs in a cow/calf or feedlot operation. However, very little data is available to aid producers in genetically improving their herd for feed efficiency. In Australia, bull tests record individual feed intakes, which are used to calculate Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) (analogous to EPD) for residual feed intake (RFI). Residual feed intake measures the degree to which feed intake deviates from expected levels based on the animal size and rate of gain. Negative values are good; they indicate the animal ate less than expected for its size and growth rate. Our objective was to …

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Distiller’S Grain Market Price Relationships, Discovery, And Risk Management (2008), T.W. Van Winkle, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2008

Distiller’S Grain Market Price Relationships, Discovery, And Risk Management (2008), T.W. Van Winkle, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The substantial increase in corn use by the ethanol refinery industry (Figure 1) has resulted in livestock producers, especially cattle feeders, substituting distiller's grain (DG) for corn in feed rations. DG futures markets do not exist, but actively traded corn and soybean meal (SBM) futures are the most probable markets for hedging DG price risk. Therefore, the ability to offset DG price risk using corn and SBM futures is incorporated into analysis to quantify the strength of price relationships. If DG prices and corn or SBM futures prices are strongly related, then a viable cross hedging opportunity might exist. If …

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Determining Optimum Flake Density For Feedlot Heifers (2008), M.L. May, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2008

Determining Optimum Flake Density For Feedlot Heifers (2008), M.L. May, M.J. Quinn, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Escalating costs of natural gas and electrical utilities have greatly increased the cost of flaking grain for feedlots. Energy demand for flaking is inversely related to bulk density of flaked grain; the lighter, more highly processed flakes typically require longer steaming times and greater roll pressures, which ultimately decreases mill. Corn is most commonly flaked to a density of about 28 lb/bushel, and published research results indicate that levels less than 28 lb/bushel afford no further advantage with respect to animal performance. Little information is available concerning the relative feed value of grains flaked to heavier bulk densities. Flaking grains …

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Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Steam-Flaked Or Dry-Rolled Corn Diets With Reduced Roughage Levels (2008), M.L. May, M.L. Hands, M.J. Quinn, J.O. Wallace, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, Christopher D. Reinhardt, James S. Drouillard Jan 2008

Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Steam-Flaked Or Dry-Rolled Corn Diets With Reduced Roughage Levels (2008), M.L. May, M.L. Hands, M.J. Quinn, J.O. Wallace, K.K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, Christopher D. Reinhardt, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Distiller's grains have been used extensively in the U.S. Corn Belt, where producers commonly feed dry-rolled or highmoisture corn. Fuel ethanol production is expanding into the High Plains, where most feedlots flake grain. Compared with dry- rolled corn, steam-flaked corn usually increases or has no change in average daily gain, yields lower dry matter intake and results in 12 to 16% improvement in efficiency. Previous research at Kansas State University and elsewhere suggests that the value of distiller's grains is different in flaked grain diets than in dry-rolled diets. We think this might be due to lower rumen pH when …

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Effect Of Zilpaterol-Hcl (Zilmax) On Implanted And Non-Implanted Feedlot Steer Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2008), T.J. Baxa, J.P. Hutcheson, M.F. Miller, W.T. Nichols, M.N. Streeter, D.A. Yates, B.J. Johnson Jan 2008

Effect Of Zilpaterol-Hcl (Zilmax) On Implanted And Non-Implanted Feedlot Steer Performance And Carcass Characteristics (2008), T.J. Baxa, J.P. Hutcheson, M.F. Miller, W.T. Nichols, M.N. Streeter, D.A. Yates, B.J. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Zilpaterol-HCl (Zilmax) is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist approved as a growth promotant in feedlot cattle for use during the last 20 to 40 days prior to harvest. It is orally active and improves performance and total body lean tissue. The recommended dosage is 7.6 grams per ton of feed on a 100% dry matter basis. Steroidal implants are used in feedlot animals to improve average daily gain, feed efficiency, and total lean tissue deposition. Little is known about how Zilmax and steroidal implants influence growth performance when used in combination. Our objective was to evaluate performance of steers administered Zilmax …

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Influence Of Glycerol And Added Fat On Finishing Pig Performance (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Influence Of Glycerol And Added Fat On Finishing Pig Performance (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d study was conducted to determine the influence of dietary glycerol on grow-finish pig performance. The experiment was conducted at a commercial swine research facility in southwest Minnesota. A total of 1,093 pigs (initially 171.3 lb, PIC) were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of glycerol (0, 2.5, or 5%) and added fat (0 or 6%). Overall (d 0 to 28), there was a fat × glycerol interaction (P<0.04) for ADFI. When 5% glycerol was added to diets without added fat, ADFI decreased; however, ADFI did not change when glycerol was added to diets containing 6% added fat. Pigs fed diets with added fat had improved (P<0.01) ADG and F/G compared with pigs fed diets with no added fat. Increasing glycerol decreased ADG (linear, P<0.02) and ADFI (linear, P<0.04) and tended (linear, P<0.08) to worsen F/G, a result of the negative effect of adding glycerol to diets without fat. In conclusion, 6% added fat improved ADG and F/G, but the glycerol used in this study decreased ADG and ADFI when added to diets without added fat.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Timing And Starter Diet Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), E M. Kane, M L. Potter, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Timing And Starter Diet Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), E M. Kane, M L. Potter, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 400 nursery pigs (initially 12.5 lb) were used in a 20-d study to evaluate the effects of varying porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination timing on growth performance of pigs fed commercial segregated early weaning (SEW) and transition diets from 4 different sources. At weaning (d 0), pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 treatments. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial on the basis of vaccination timing (0 or 8 d after weaning) and diet source (A, B, C, or D). There were 5 pigs per …

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Effects Of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) And Diet Complexity On Growth Performance In Weanling Pigs (2008), C Feoli, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke Jan 2008

Effects Of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) And Diet Complexity On Growth Performance In Weanling Pigs (2008), C Feoli, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of concentration (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0%) of Morinda citrifolia (no-ni; Morinda Agricultural Products, Orem, UT) and diet complexity in weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 210 pigs (initially 13.4 lb) were used in a 35-d growth assay; there were 7 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based, and lysine concentrations were 1.8% for d 0 to 7, 1.6% for d 7 to 21, and 1.4% for d 21 to 35 with feed and water con-sumed on an ad libitum basis. Increasing the concentration of noni in …

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Effects Of Excess Dietary Crude Protein From Soybean Meal And Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Diets For Finishing Pigs (2008), S M. Williams, C Feoli, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2008

Effects Of Excess Dietary Crude Protein From Soybean Meal And Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Diets For Finishing Pigs (2008), S M. Williams, C Feoli, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 180 pigs (90 barrows and 90 gilts, average initial weight of 148 lb) were used in a 67-d experiment to determine the effects of excess dietary CP on growth performance and carcass measurements in finishing pigs. The pigs were sorted by ancestry and blocked by weight with 12 pigs per pen and 5 pens per treatment. Treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated to 15.3 and 18.3% CP and a corn-soybean-DDGS-based diet formulated to 18.3% CP. Feed and water were consumed on an ad libitum basis until the pigs were slaughtered (average final weight of 282 lb) at …

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Effects Of 200 Ppb Added Chromium From Chromium Propionate On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of 200 Ppb Added Chromium From Chromium Propionate On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,207 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050) were used in a 103-d experiment in a commercial research barn to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed 200 ppb chromium propionate. There were 22 replicate pens per treatment with 25 to 28 pigs per pen for the evaluation of chromium propionate from d 0 to 84 and 11 replicates per treatment for evaluating chromium propionate (0 and 200 ppb) and Paylean (0 and 9 g/ton) in a split-plot arrangement from d 84 to 103. Pigs were weighed (avg. 67.7 lb) and randomly allotted to 2 …

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