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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1998

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Articles 91 - 113 of 113

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Development Of An In Vitro Procedure To Determine Ruminal Availability Of Protein (1998), C.K. Schoenholz, James S. Drouillard, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Development Of An In Vitro Procedure To Determine Ruminal Availability Of Protein (1998), C.K. Schoenholz, James S. Drouillard, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to determine the ruminal availability of protein from grains. Procedures were based on assumptions that 1) ruminal availability of protein is first-limiting to microbial growth, 2) accumulation of microbial cells accurately predicts ruminal protein availability,3) cytosine can be used to accurately estimate microbial cell mass, and 4) cytosine is present in microorganisms but not in feeds. Cytosine content of in vitro cultures was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Early experiments determined that adding 0.75 g soluble starch provided enough energy that culture growth depended on available protein. In the final experiment, …

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Effect Of Tylosin On Ruminal Fusobacterium Necrophorum Population And Fermentation Products In Cattle Fed A High-Grain Diet (1998), N. Wallace, Y. Sun, Kenneth E. Kemp, J.C. Parrott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1998

Effect Of Tylosin On Ruminal Fusobacterium Necrophorum Population And Fermentation Products In Cattle Fed A High-Grain Diet (1998), N. Wallace, Y. Sun, Kenneth E. Kemp, J.C. Parrott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tylosin feeding prevented the increase in Fusobacterium necrophorum population normally associated with the feeding of a high-grain diet. Also, tylosin appeared to moderate the ruminal fermentation during initial adaptation to a high-grain diet.

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Feeding Systems And Implant Strategies For Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1998), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Feeding Systems And Implant Strategies For Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1998), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred sixty-four Holstein steer calves (308 lb) were used in a 2x3 factorially designed experiment to compare the effect of two feeding systems and three implant strategies on performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were allowed ad libitum access to a conventional, high-grain diet for the entire feeding period or were program-fed a high-grain diet to gain 2.2 lb/d for 109 days and 2.6 lb/d for 92 days and then allowed ad libitum access to feed for the remainder of the feeding period. Steers were fed to a common weight endpoint (1260 lb). Implant strategies were: 1) Synovex® -S on …

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Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle (1998), Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa Jan 1998

Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle (1998), Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

DNA finger printing (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis) was employed to genetically compare Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates of liver abscesses, ruminal wall, and ruminal contents from the same animal. Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from liver abscesses were genetically identical to the corresponding isolates from the ruminal wall in eight of nine animals tested. This genetic similarity between the isolates supports the hypothesis that F. necrophorum in liver abscesses originates from the ruminal wall.

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Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas (1998), J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays Jan 1998

Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas (1998), J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fecal samples from cows and calves and samples of water sources were collected monthly for 8 months from 10 Kansas cow-calf farms to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. The bacterium was found in 8% of fecal samples from cows that were within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of fecal samples from cows which were not within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of calf fecal samples, and 1.5% of water samples. E. coli O157:H7 was identified from at least one sample on all farms.

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Soybean Hulls In Roughage-Free Diets For Limit-Fed Growing Cattle (1998), C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 1998

Soybean Hulls In Roughage-Free Diets For Limit-Fed Growing Cattle (1998), C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred heifers (573 lb initial body weight) were used in a growing study to compare growth performance of cattle fed roughage-free diets comprised mainly of soybean hulls with that of cattle receiving roughage- and corn-based diets and to determine if cattle fed soybean hull-based diets would respond to supplemental methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA; a source of methionine), ruminally protected betaine, or concentrated separator by-product (CSB; a source of betaine). Treatments included 1) a roughage-based diet fed at 2.75% of body weight (ROUGH), 2) a corn-based diet fed at 1.5% of body weight (CORN1.5), 3) a corn- based diet fed …

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Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months (1998), D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka Jan 1998

Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months (1998), D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Eschericia coli O157:H7 are important foodborne pathogens, but longitudinal studies of their prevalence in beef cattle feedyards have not been done. Our long- term study involved 24,556 samples taken from beef cattle feedyards found overall prevalence's of 4.87% for Salmonella, 20.1% for Campylobacter in hospital pen fecal samples, and 0.20% for E. coli O157:H7. Yard and pen differences (P<0.05) were detected. All 53 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to Talmicosin and Erythromycin, two antimicrobials used in food animal medicine. Their genetic diversity was high and did not indicate the presence of resident strains at the yards studied. Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli O157:H7 were probably brought into the yards by shipments of new cattle. Many of these organismswere susceptible to antibiotics commonly used to treat beef cattle.

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Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers (1998), D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers (1998), D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 120-day finishing study utilizing 318 heifers (753 lb initial body weight) examined the effects of ruminally protected choline in diets with no tallow or 2 or 4% of supplemental tallow. Heifers were fed a finishing diet based on a mix of steam-flaked and dry- rolled corn; encapsulated choline (20, 40, or 60 g/head/day, supplying 5, 10 or 15 g choline/head/day) was top-dressed to the diet or not added. Dry matter intake decreased linearly with inclusion of fat (P<.05) but was not affected significantly by addition of choline. Daily gains also decreased linearly (P<.05) with fat addition. Choline supplementation increased gain (linear, P<.1; qua dratic, P<.05), with the greatest increase occurring for the first 20 g increment encapsulated choline/day. Likewise, feed efficiency improved (P<.1) with supplemental choline. Again, the greatest response occurred for the first 20 g/day. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat and yield grade both increased linearly (P<.1) with fat supplementation. The percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice decreased (linear, P<.05; quadratic, P<.1) when choline was added at 60 g/day. Hot carcass weight, marbling, dressing percent, and 12th rib fat thickness were not affected significantly by either fat or choline. Ruminally protected choline can improve average daily gain and feed efficiency of finishing cattle.

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Control Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Large-Diameter, Lebanon-Style Bologna (1998), K.J. Karr, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden, Randall K. Phebus Jan 1998

Control Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Large-Diameter, Lebanon-Style Bologna (1998), K.J. Karr, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden, Randall K. Phebus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lebanon bologna raw batter was mixed with a five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to achieve average inoculum levels of 7.79, 7.77, and 7.92 log CFU/g as deter mined on MSA, 202, and PRSA media, respectively. Treatment 1 consisted of a fermentation cycle of 8 hrs at an internal temperature (I.T.) of 80EF then 24 hrs at 100EF I.T., followed by 24 hrs at 110EF I.T. Treatments 2, 3, and 4 included additional heating at 115EF I.T. for 1, 2, and 5 hrs, respectively. All heat treatments resulted in product that was negative (<1.9 log CFU/g detection limit) on all culture media and negative after enrichment on mEC selective medium. This study validates that a five-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 can be achieved using the described protocol, thus meeting USDA/FSIS requirements.

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Effects Of Added Fat, Degradable Intake Protein, And Ruminally-Protected Choline In Diets Of Finishing Steers (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Effects Of Added Fat, Degradable Intake Protein, And Ruminally-Protected Choline In Diets Of Finishing Steers (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 216 yearling steers was used in two finishing experiments to evaluate interactions between levels of dietary fat, protein and ruminally protected choline. In Trial 1, steers received diets that combined levels of 0% or 5% added fat (choice white grease), 10.8% or 12.5% crude protein, and 0 or 5 grams per head daily of ruminally protected choline. Steers were fed in pens of five head each for 89 days. Adding fat decreased intake (P<.01), average daily gain (P<.1), and carcass weight (P<.07) and increased carcass yield grade (P<.06) but did not alter feed efficiency (P>.9). Increasing the protein level from 10.8 to 12.5% had no significant effects on live animal performance, but the high protein level resulted …

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Influence Of Melengesterol Acetate (Mga®) And Implus-H® Implants On Rate Of Gain, Feed Efficiency, And Carcass Characteristics Of Culled Beef Cows Fed A High Concentrate Ration (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, John A. Unruh, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Influence Of Melengesterol Acetate (Mga®) And Implus-H® Implants On Rate Of Gain, Feed Efficiency, And Carcass Characteristics Of Culled Beef Cows Fed A High Concentrate Ration (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, John A. Unruh, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No statistical differences were detected in feedlot performance or carcass traits between control culled beef cows and those that were treated with melengesterol acetate (MGA®) and/or Implus-H® when fed in a feedyard for 56 days before slaughter. All groups performed well, indicating that this practice may be used to improve the market value of culled cows. Cow health during the feeding period is a major concern.

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Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1998

Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interviews were conducted with cattle feeders, beef packers, and others involved in the beef industry to discern their concerns about fed-cattle price discovery. Three issues predominated. First was the need to better identify beef quality, ideally by objective means. Quality often, but not always, referred to tenderness and the "eating experience" of consumers. Second was the need for greater pricing accuracy, signaling a desire for less average pricing and more value-based pricing. The need for improved market information was the third issue identified.

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Betaine As A Dietary Supplement For Finishing Cattle (1998), C.A. Loest, R.D. Hunter, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1998

Betaine As A Dietary Supplement For Finishing Cattle (1998), C.A. Loest, R.D. Hunter, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred seventy five steers (902 lb initial body weight) were used in a finishing study to determine the effect of betaine, provided either as feed-grade betaine (Betafin-S6, Finnsugar Bioproducts) or as concentrated separator by-product (CSB; desugared beet molasses), on animal performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn. Treatments included 10.5 or 21 g/steer daily supplemental feed-grade betaine or 250 g (15.5 betaine) or 500 g (31 g betaine) of CSB per steer daily. Dry matter intakes increased (linear, P<0.1) for steers supplemented with feed- grade betaine. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies were not affected by treatments. Dressing percent and twelfth rib back fat increased (P<0.1) for steers that received feed-grade betaine. Rib-eye area decreased (P<0.1) when steers were supplemented with either feed-grade betaine or CSB. Yield grades were significantly higher (linear, P<0.1) for cattle receiving supplemental CSB or feed-grade betaine (quadratic, P<.05). Hot carcass weights, KPH, marbling scores, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice were not affected by supplemental betaine. In this study, betaine supplementation did not markedly alter growth performance, but carcass fatness tended to increase for both supplements.

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Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants (1998), P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus Jan 1998

Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants (1998), P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten pound chubs of coarsely ground beef of two different lean:fat specifications (73:27 and 81:19) were stored at three temperatures (34, 38 or 45 ÌŠF) to monitor the effects of storage temperature on microbial condition of the product. Ground beef from four U.S. plants was tested (2 trials each), and microbial analyses were conducted on storage days 0, 6, 10, 14, and 18 using seven different media to estimate counts of total aerobic and anaerobic, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial counts for a given culture medium were similar among plants and meat types. At day 10, total …

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Molasses-Fat Blend As An Energy Source And Conditioning Agent In Feedlot Diets (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Molasses-Fat Blend As An Energy Source And Conditioning Agent In Feedlot Diets (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two yearling crossbred steers were used in an individual feeding trial to evaluate the effects of adding a molasses-fat blend (Synergy® 19/14; Cargill Molasses Liquid Products) to diets at 6 or 12% (dry basis) on growth performance, carcass traits, and feed intake behavior. Dry-rolled corn was processed to a mean geometric particle size of either 2,000 or 3,800 microns. Adding the liquid supplement at 6% to the coarse-rolled finishing ration improved gain (P<.1) and feed efficiency (P<.1). Incorporation of Synergy 19/14 into feedlot rations may help reduce fluctuations in feed intake.

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Projecting Fed Cattle Price Discovery Over The Next Decade (1998), J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1998

Projecting Fed Cattle Price Discovery Over The Next Decade (1998), J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interviews were conducted with cattle feeders, beef packers, and others involved in the beef industry to project how fed cattle prices will be discovered in the next decade. Respondents generally indicated that economics will determine beef's market share in 2010, how important public grades and grading will be, and whether consumer brands for fresh beef will become common. Economics also will determine how much influence alliances will have, whether most cattle will be marketed by some value-based pricing system, and what changes will occur in market information and futures markets.

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Dry Aging: An Old Process Revisited (1998), R.E. Campbell, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 1998

Dry Aging: An Old Process Revisited (1998), R.E. Campbell, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dry aging of beef cuts, once considered the "gold standard" for premium palatability, is practiced by only a few processors. We were asked by a major southern meat purveyor to study variables of dry-aging processing. Detailed sensory analyses of flavor, juiciness, and tenderness clearly indicated that beef loins dry aged for 14 and 21 days were superior for all three traits to a product vacuum aged for 14 days and to a product dry aged for 7 days. In addition, dry- aged steaks could be vacuum packaged and stored for up to 16 days without losses in palatability. Dry aging …

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Grid Pricing Of Fed Cattle (1998), Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1998

Grid Pricing Of Fed Cattle (1998), Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pricing fed cattle on a value-based quality and yield grade grid provides the best opportunity for cattle producers to receive premiums associated with high quality cattle. However, grid discounts for cattle not desired by the particular packer are often quite substantial. Thus, cattle producers targeting cattle for specific grids need to have considerable knowledge regarding the quality attributes of their cattle. This study compared pricing of 202 pens of fed cattle on a live basis, a carcass (dressed) basis, and using four different packer grids. Results indicate that no single pricing method is optimal for all cattle. Producers need to …

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Effects Of Feeding Rumensin® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures (1998), F.K. Brazle, S.B. Laudert Jan 1998

Effects Of Feeding Rumensin® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures (1998), F.K. Brazle, S.B. Laudert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four hundred sixty-nine English and Continental cross yearling steers grazed on native grass pastures over a 2-year period. Rumensin® was added (1,620 g/ton) to the mineral mixture in half of the pastures. Some of the pastures were used from April 23 to July 15 and the remainder from April 23 to August 15. The pooled data for the grazing periods indicated that Rumensin supplemented steers gained 7.7% faster(P<.05) and consumed 32% less mineral (P<.05) compared to the control steers.

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Differences In Efficiency Among Kansas Beef Cow Producers (1998), S. Eidson, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones Jan 1998

Differences In Efficiency Among Kansas Beef Cow Producers (1998), S. Eidson, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef cow producers must manage costs of production and improve production efficiency to compete with hog and poultry and other beef cattle producers. A sample of 46 beef cow enterprises from the Kansas Farm Management database was used to measure technical, economic, and overall efficiencies. On average the farms were 92% technically efficient, 80% economically efficient and 73% overall efficient. Our results suggest that 5% increases in economic and scale efficiencies would increase profit per cow by $20 and $24, respectively.

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Early Detection Of Problem Implants Using Infrared Thermography (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, James S. Drouillard Jan 1998

Early Detection Of Problem Implants Using Infrared Thermography (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thermal imaging of feedlot cattle ears is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that aids in identifying properly placed or abscessed growth-promoting implants. Thirty-two calves were used to determine if abscessed and normal, functional implants could be identified and differentiated using infrared thermography. Infrared images were taken at implantation on days 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after implantation. Abscessed implants were easily identified. Use of thermal imaging can verify implant administration and, thus, has the potential to immediately impact feedlot quality assurance programs.

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Comparison Of Implants In Grazing Heifers And Carryover Effects On Finishing Gains And Carcass Traits (1998), F.K. Brazle Jan 1998

Comparison Of Implants In Grazing Heifers And Carryover Effects On Finishing Gains And Carcass Traits (1998), F.K. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred yearling heifers were allotted randomly to three grazing implant treatments: 1) control (CONT), 2) Component® E-H (CEH), and 3) Ralgro® (RAL). After grazing native grass for 74 days, the heifers were transported to a western Kansas feedlot. All heifers were implanted with Synovex-H® upon arrival at the feedlot and were reimplanted70 days later with Finaplix-H®. The CEH heifers gained faster while on grass (P<.10) and in the feedlot than the RAL heifers. The CEH heifers had heavier carcasses than RAL heifers. Control heifers had the largest ribeyes. Other carcass traits, including USDA quality grade, were not influenced by pasture treatment. In this study, administration of CEH to heifers grazing native grass optimized overall performance whencombined with the feedlot implants (Synovex-H and Finaplix-H).

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Roundup 1998 Jan 1998

Roundup 1998

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the …

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