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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle (2002), B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle (2002), B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Previous research has suggested the possibility that the supply of glycine, a nonessential amino acid, might affect how efficiently cattle use methionine. This study was conducted to determine the role of glycine on methionine utilization in growing steers as well as how glycine might impact utilization of cysteine, an amino acid produced in the body from methionine. In Exp. 1, treatments were abomasal infusion of 2 or 5 g/day L-methionine and 0 or 50 g/day glycine in a factorial arrangement. Efficiency of methionine use was 27% in the absence of supplemental glycine, but 66% in its presence. Glycine supplementation by …
Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics (2002), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics (2002), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used to measure digestibility and ruminal characteristics of steam-flaked corn based diets containing combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and alfalfa hay (AH). Starch intake was lower (P<0.05), but neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (P<0.05) as AH and WCGF increased in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased by AH (linear, P<0.05) and tended (P<0.07) to increase with WCGF. Feeding higher levels of WCGF tended to increase passage rate (P=0.17) and decreased (P<0.05) total tract organic matter digestibility. Flaked corn diets containing at least 25% WCGF may contribute enough roughage to allow reduction of alfalfa hay levels.
Improving The Utilization Of Soybean Hulls By Cattle With Digestive Enzyme And Dietary Buffer Supplementation (2002), C.A. Löest, E.C. Tigemeyer, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Trater, B.D. Lambert, James S. Drouillard
Improving The Utilization Of Soybean Hulls By Cattle With Digestive Enzyme And Dietary Buffer Supplementation (2002), C.A. Löest, E.C. Tigemeyer, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Trater, B.D. Lambert, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (749 lb) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the benefits of supplementing digestive enzymes and dietary buffers to a soybean hull-based diet fed to steers once daily at 15.4 lb/day (as fed basis). Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial with factors being two levels (0 and 3 grams/day) of digestive enzymes and two levels (0 and 93 grams/day) of dietary buffers. Buffers and enzymes were thoroughly mixed with the soybean hull-based diet to provide a completely mixed ration. Digestive enzyme or buffer supplementation increased (P≤0.06) diet …
Peroxide Treatment Of Feather Meal For Finishing Cattle (2002), C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Peroxide Treatment Of Feather Meal For Finishing Cattle (2002), C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heifers (756 lb, 312 head) were used in a finishing study to evaluate the effects of peroxide-treated feather meal on animal performance and carcass characteristics. Diets contained 3.0% of peroxide-treated or untreated feather meal, and were fed ad libitum. Treatment of feather meal with hydrogen peroxide increased in situ protein degradabilities by 56%, but did not significantly alter feed intake or feed efficiencies. Although not statistically different, gains were 2.1% greater for heifers fed peroxide-treated feather meal. Hot carcass weights also averaged 6 pounds heavier for heifers fed diets containing peroxide-treated feather meal. Marbling tended to be lower, but carcasses …
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal (2002), C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal (2002), C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Protein degradation of feather meal treated with hydrogen peroxide was evaluated using the in situ bag technique. Bags containing untreated feather meal or feather meal treated with 1.4, 2.5, 2.7, 5.0, or 7.0% hydrogen peroxide (g/100 g feather meal, as fed basis) at various pH and times of heating (55oC) were suspended in the rumen of a cannulated steer for 12 hours. Protein degradabilities of feather meal treated with 2.5 and 2.7% peroxide were only 12 to 19% greater than untreated feather meal, but feather meal treated with 5% peroxide had protein degradabilities 56 to 67% greater than untreated feather …
Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures (2002), J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures (2002), J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study determined the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow after different organic acid treatments in vacuum packaged cooked ground beef subjected to substandard (slow) cooling. Meat samples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens spores (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239), then vacuum-packaged, cooked in a water bath to 167°F internal temperature, and held 20 min. The water bath temperature was then lowered to 130°F, and samples were cooled from 130°F to 45°F over 18 hr. Samples were taken after inoculation, after cooking, and after cooling. In the event of substandard cooling, sodium …
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis (2002), T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis (2002), T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …
Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period (2002), C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham
Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period (2002), C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred sixty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie range during the winter of 2000-2001 were supplemented before calving either daily or three times weekly. The supplement contained 40% CP with 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the supplemental degradable intake protein from urea. Supplement was fed at 4 lbs/head daily to cows receiving supplement daily. Cows receiving supplement three times weekly were fed the same amount of weekly supplement, but split equally among their supplementation events. After calving, all cows received a supplement without urea on a daily basis. In general, prepartum supplements that contained more urea …
The Effect Of Aureomycin® In Combination With Bovetec® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass (2002), F.K. Brazle
The Effect Of Aureomycin® In Combination With Bovetec® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass (2002), F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred twelve mixed-breed steers (590 lb) were allotted randomly to eight native grass pastures on April 20. The pastures were grazed until July 13. The steers in four pastures received a basic mineral mix with 800 mg of Bovatec7 per lb. The other four pastures received the basic mineral mixture with Bovatec plus 1.6 lb Aureomycin 50 per 50 lb of mineral. The steers receiving the mineral with Aureomycin had greater mineral consumption (P<0.04). Including Aureomycin in the mineral increased gain by 2%; however, the response was not statistically significant.
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas (2002), Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas (2002), Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …
Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces of artificially inoculated, vacuum-packaged beef salami by steam pasteurization (Stork RMA-Protecon Post-process Pasteurizer). Beef salami was inoculated with L. monocytogenes (initial concentrations of 4.36 log10 CFU/cm2 at the end and 4.49 at the middle), then pasteurized at 185, 194, or 203°F for 2 or 4 min. Only about 0.11 log10 CFU/cm2 (detection limit) L. monocytogenes survived after pasteurization at 203°F for 2 and 4 min, for a "kill rate" of over 99.99%. Post-packaging pasteurization reduces the threat of L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of cooked meat products.
Garlic, Cold Storage And Heating Effects In Controlling Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Ground Beef (2002), E. Ceylan, Melvin C. Hunt, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner
Garlic, Cold Storage And Heating Effects In Controlling Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Ground Beef (2002), E. Ceylan, Melvin C. Hunt, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This research evaluated the effect of garlic, cold storage and heating on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties. Ground beef (20% fat) inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to an initial inoculum level of 8 log10 CFU/g, was mixed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% garlic powder (wt/wt). Samples were stuffed into 1 inch diameter test tubes and incubated at 40°F for 24 hr. Tubes were heated to internal temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 155 and 160°F, and E. coli O157:H7 was enumerated. Garlic addition lowered E. coli O157:H7 survival in ground beef heated to 150 and 155°F, and …
Temperature Management To Minimize Ground Beef Aerobic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth (2002), R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister
Temperature Management To Minimize Ground Beef Aerobic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth (2002), R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Increasing storage and display temperature and time of ground beef significantly increased microbial counts but lean level had no effect. Prolonged storage at abusive temperatures (48°F) caused up to 90% unacceptable chubs and aerobic bacteria counts as high as 7.7 log10 CFU/g, which would render chubs unsatisfactory for further processing, packaging and sale. Thus, ground beef chubs should be stored at 32°F. and as briefly as possible to minimize pre- and post-display microbial counts. Maintaining both optimal storage and display temperatures is critical because combining abusive storage and display conditions resulted in the greatest microbial growth. Shelf life and wholesomeness …
Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks (2002), H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman
Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks (2002), H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Forty-eight ribeye steaks from steers fed diets containing steam-flaked corn (SFC), steam-flaked corn with tallow (SFC/Tallow), or steam-flaked corn with rolled flaxseed (Flax) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary fat on sensory traits, retail display color stability, and fatty acid composition. Steaks from Flax-fed steers had increased deposition of α linolenic acid (C18:3n3, an omega-3 fatty acid; P<0.01) and developed a detectable off-flavor (P<0.05) when compared to those of cattle fed SFC and SFC/Tallow. There were no differences in tenderness, juiciness, or flavor intensity (P>0.10) among the three treatments. Steaks from cattle fed SFC retained a desirable color longer than those from cattle fed Flax (P<0.05) which may be attributable to premature lipid oxidation in steaks from cattle fed Flax. This study suggests that altering the fat in the diet may affect flavor and color stability of the meat. Feeding flaxseed can effectively alter composition of carcass tissues to yield beef that is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which may lead to premature lipid oxidation.
Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr) (2002), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr) (2002), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objectives were to determine fertility of heifers after estrus synchronization using PGF2αpreceded by either progesterone, GnRH, or both. Beef (n = 193) and dairy (n = 246) heifers were assigned randomly to three treatments: 1) 50 μg of GnRH and a used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert were administered on day −7, followed by 25 mg of PGF2αon day −1, and CIDR removal on day 0 (CIDR + GnRH + PGF); 2) the same as 1) but without the GnRH (CIDR + PGF); and 3) the same as 1) but without the CIDR (GnRH + PGF; modified Select Synch). Rates of …
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability (2002), D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability (2002), D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of several weather conditions on average daily gain (ADG) and profits is quantified for typical steers and heifers fed in commercial feedyards in Western Kansas from 1980 to 1999. ADG predictions for particular pens of cattle are often used to plan marketing dates and calculate breakeven purchase prices. Weather is known to influence cattle performance, and expected weather conditions can be used to improve ADG predictions. Effects on ADG and profits from combinations of, and interactions between, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed were analyzed. The influence of these weather conditions was allowed to differ by sex, placement …
Economies Of Scale In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production (2002), L. Stryker, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones
Economies Of Scale In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production (2002), L. Stryker, Michael R. Langemeier, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cow-calf producers must learn to control those aspects of production that are under their management. Quantity of beef produced and the cost of maintaining the breeding herd from conception to weaning are two examples of variables over which an individual operator has control. Therefore, it is important for managers to know their cost of production and, in turn, the relationship of quantity produced to cost. Our study found that for a 1% increase in quantity of beef produced, total cost increased by only 0.88%, suggesting economies of scale.
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Fermentation And Storage: Effects Of Packing Density And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Fermentation And Storage: Effects Of Packing Density And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of forage density after packing, and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during the fermentation process and storage period. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM) and ensiled at three densities (D): D1, 23.2; D2, 33.2, and D3, 43.3 lb/ft3. Half of the silos for each density were sealed immediately after filling (S, sealed) and the other half of the silos were sealed 48 hours after filling (DS, delayed …
Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance (2002), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore
Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance (2002), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 135 steers grazed high-endophyte tall fescue pasture in 1998, 1999, and 2000 that had been previously interseeded with either lespedeza, red clover, or ladino clover during 1995, 1996, and 1997. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Pastures interseeded with ladino clover produced higher stocker gains in 1998 and more available forage and legume cover in all 3 years than those interseeded with lespedeza or red clover. Legume treatment had little effect on subsequent finishing performance. Results of this study indicate that lespedeza and red clover should be seeded …
Effect Of Source Of Carbohydrate And Degradable Intake Protein In Supplements On Low-Quality Forage Utilization By Steers (2002), J.I. Arroquy, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn
Effect Of Source Of Carbohydrate And Degradable Intake Protein In Supplements On Low-Quality Forage Utilization By Steers (2002), J.I. Arroquy, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twelve ruminally fistulated steers were used in an experiment to study the impact of the source of carbohydrate (CHO) and degradable intake protein (DIP) in supplements on low-quality forage utilization. Treatments consisted of two different CHO types (fed at 0.16% of initial BW) each offered with an equal amount of DIP (0.087% of initial BW) but with six different proportions of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and true protein as sources of DIP. The CHO types were starch and dextrose (a simple sugar). The different proportions of the two sources of N contributing to the DIP were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 …
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of a biological additive and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during exposure to air. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM), and ensiled at a density of 35 lb of fresh matter/ft3. Half of the pre-ensiled forage was treated with a biological additive (A) (Sil-All 4x4, Alltech, Inc.); the other half of the pre-ensiled forage was the untreated control (C). Half of the silos in the A and …