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Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics (2002), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics (2002), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used to measure digestibility and ruminal characteristics of steam-flaked corn based diets containing combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and alfalfa hay (AH). Starch intake was lower (P<0.05), but neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (P<0.05) as AH and WCGF increased in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased by AH (linear, P<0.05) and tended (P<0.07) to increase with WCGF. Feeding higher levels of WCGF tended to increase passage rate (P=0.17) and decreased (P<0.05) total tract organic matter digestibility. Flaked corn diets containing at least 25% WCGF may contribute enough roughage to allow reduction of alfalfa hay levels.
Improving The Utilization Of Soybean Hulls By Cattle With Digestive Enzyme And Dietary Buffer Supplementation (2002), C.A. Löest, E.C. Tigemeyer, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Trater, B.D. Lambert, James S. Drouillard
Improving The Utilization Of Soybean Hulls By Cattle With Digestive Enzyme And Dietary Buffer Supplementation (2002), C.A. Löest, E.C. Tigemeyer, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Trater, B.D. Lambert, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (749 lb) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the benefits of supplementing digestive enzymes and dietary buffers to a soybean hull-based diet fed to steers once daily at 15.4 lb/day (as fed basis). Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial with factors being two levels (0 and 3 grams/day) of digestive enzymes and two levels (0 and 93 grams/day) of dietary buffers. Buffers and enzymes were thoroughly mixed with the soybean hull-based diet to provide a completely mixed ration. Digestive enzyme or buffer supplementation increased (P≤0.06) diet …
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis (2002), T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis (2002), T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …
Salmonella Spp. Risk Assessment For Cooking Of Blade Tenderized Prime Rib (2002), J.W. Wendelburg, D.L. Lambert, H. Thippareddi, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden
Salmonella Spp. Risk Assessment For Cooking Of Blade Tenderized Prime Rib (2002), J.W. Wendelburg, D.L. Lambert, H. Thippareddi, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Prime rib is generally prepared by cooking to low temperatures for long times to attain the desired tenderness and juiciness. Destruction of Salmonella spp. in blade tenderized prime rib was examined by following cooking procedures commonly used by chefs. Beef ribs (boneless) were inoculated with Salmonella spp. to attain initial surface levels of about 5.75 log10 CFU/cm2. The ribs were blade tenderized (one pass) using a Ross blade tenderizer. Each was split into two equal sections. One half was cooked to a target internal temperature of 110 and the other half to 120°F, then tempered at room temperature for up …
The Effect Of Aureomycin® In Combination With Bovetec® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass (2002), F.K. Brazle
The Effect Of Aureomycin® In Combination With Bovetec® In A Mineral Mixture On Steers Grazing Native Grass (2002), F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred twelve mixed-breed steers (590 lb) were allotted randomly to eight native grass pastures on April 20. The pastures were grazed until July 13. The steers in four pastures received a basic mineral mix with 800 mg of Bovatec7 per lb. The other four pastures received the basic mineral mixture with Bovatec plus 1.6 lb Aureomycin 50 per 50 lb of mineral. The steers receiving the mineral with Aureomycin had greater mineral consumption (P<0.04). Including Aureomycin in the mineral increased gain by 2%; however, the response was not statistically significant.
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas (2002), Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas (2002), Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …
Validation Of A Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization System For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Roast Beef (2002), V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Validation Of A Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization System For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Roast Beef (2002), V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in outbreaks of illness involving ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, prompting researchers to look into intervention technologies to reduce or eliminate this risk. In our study roast beef was inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes, vacuum-packaged, and then pasteurized at 205°F for 0, 2, 3 or 4 min in a Stork RMS-Protecon Post-Process Pasteurization System. More bacteria were killed as pasteurization time increased. Initial inoculum level was 5.8 log10 CFU/cm2 of product surface area. Pasteurization for 2 min resulted in 2.5 to 2.7 log10 CFU/cm2 reductions. Similar reductions were seen at 3 min. At …
Temperature Management To Minimize Ground Beef Aerobic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth (2002), R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister
Temperature Management To Minimize Ground Beef Aerobic And Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth (2002), R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Increasing storage and display temperature and time of ground beef significantly increased microbial counts but lean level had no effect. Prolonged storage at abusive temperatures (48°F) caused up to 90% unacceptable chubs and aerobic bacteria counts as high as 7.7 log10 CFU/g, which would render chubs unsatisfactory for further processing, packaging and sale. Thus, ground beef chubs should be stored at 32°F. and as briefly as possible to minimize pre- and post-display microbial counts. Maintaining both optimal storage and display temperatures is critical because combining abusive storage and display conditions resulted in the greatest microbial growth. Shelf life and wholesomeness …
Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks (2002), H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman
Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks (2002), H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Forty-eight ribeye steaks from steers fed diets containing steam-flaked corn (SFC), steam-flaked corn with tallow (SFC/Tallow), or steam-flaked corn with rolled flaxseed (Flax) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary fat on sensory traits, retail display color stability, and fatty acid composition. Steaks from Flax-fed steers had increased deposition of α linolenic acid (C18:3n3, an omega-3 fatty acid; P<0.01) and developed a detectable off-flavor (P<0.05) when compared to those of cattle fed SFC and SFC/Tallow. There were no differences in tenderness, juiciness, or flavor intensity (P>0.10) among the three treatments. Steaks from cattle fed SFC retained a desirable color longer than those from cattle fed Flax (P<0.05) which may be attributable to premature lipid oxidation in steaks from cattle fed Flax. This study suggests that altering the fat in the diet may affect flavor and color stability of the meat. Feeding flaxseed can effectively alter composition of carcass tissues to yield beef that is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which may lead to premature lipid oxidation.
Practical Aspects Of Beef Carcass Traceability In Commercial Beef Processing Plants Using An Electronic Identification System (2002), J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Practical Aspects Of Beef Carcass Traceability In Commercial Beef Processing Plants Using An Electronic Identification System (2002), J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The use of an electronic identification (EID) system in slaughter facilities holds great potential as a tool for animal and carcass traceability, if used as part of a comprehensive carcass tracking system. However, the correct association of each carcass with its individual EID tag number may be hindered at several points during the slaughter process. For 2,994 cattle slaughtered in 14 lots and bearing buttontype, full duplex EID ear tags, 113 (3.92%) had non-functional tags, 16 (0.53%) had no tag, and 37 extra head were introduced accidentally into one of our lots. Of the 2,994 carcasses, 71 (2.37%) were railed …
Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls (2002), T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser
Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls (2002), T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Many factors are considered when commercial cow/calf producers buy bulls. Breeding system needs and breeder's preference determine which breed of bull will be purchased at a multi-breed sale. Our analysis of prices paid for bulls tested and sold through the Kansas Bull Test Station indicates that bull consigners' reputations and marketing techniques influence the price received for bulls at such an event. Individual performance and genetic potential are other areas of interest to bull buyers. Buying habits and prices indicate that commercial cow/calf operations use different traits, depending on the breed, to enhance their cowherd's production.
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability (2002), D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability (2002), D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of several weather conditions on average daily gain (ADG) and profits is quantified for typical steers and heifers fed in commercial feedyards in Western Kansas from 1980 to 1999. ADG predictions for particular pens of cattle are often used to plan marketing dates and calculate breakeven purchase prices. Weather is known to influence cattle performance, and expected weather conditions can be used to improve ADG predictions. Effects on ADG and profits from combinations of, and interactions between, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed were analyzed. The influence of these weather conditions was allowed to differ by sex, placement …
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique (2002), M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of a biological additive and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during exposure to air. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM), and ensiled at a density of 35 lb of fresh matter/ft3. Half of the pre-ensiled forage was treated with a biological additive (A) (Sil-All 4x4, Alltech, Inc.); the other half of the pre-ensiled forage was the untreated control (C). Half of the silos in the A and …
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Finishing Cattle Diets: A Preharvest Strategy Against Acid Resistant Escherichia Coli And Coliforms? (2002), C.M. Gordon, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, K. Kerr, N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James J. Higgins, Randall K. Phebus, James S. Drouillard
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Finishing Cattle Diets: A Preharvest Strategy Against Acid Resistant Escherichia Coli And Coliforms? (2002), C.M. Gordon, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, K. Kerr, N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James J. Higgins, Randall K. Phebus, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Trial 1. Finishing beef heifers (345 head) were used in a 153-day finishing trial to evaluate the effects of feeding six levels of Dakota Gold®-brand dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS): 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% (dry basis), on the number of acid resistant E. coli and coliforms. Fecal grab samples were taken on day 65 and day 100, 2 and 20 hours after feeding, and were analyzed for acid resistant E. coli and total coliforms, as well as pH and VFA. There was a significant linear increase in fecal pH with increased DDGS at both 2 and 20 …
Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand (2002), T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott
Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand (2002), T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study investigates whether food safety incidents involving beef, pork, and poultry, and the accompanying publicity have impacted United States meat demand. Beef demand is modeled as a function of beef prices, competing meat prices, meat expenditures, and food safety. Food safety indices are constructed separately for beef, pork, and poultry. Statistical tests reveal significant effects of food safety incidents on beef demand. The effect of an additional beef food safety incident on beef demand is negative, implying a detrimental impact on beef consumption. Spillover effects of pork and poultry safety incidents are positive and improve beef demand, revealing substitution …
Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness (2002), R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness (2002), R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-four USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were aged (32°F) until 14 days postmortem and fabricated into longissimus muscle (strip loin) steaks (1-in. thick). Then, steaks were either cooked or stored at −20°F for an additional 17 days before they were thawed and cooked. Cores and sensory panel samples were removed from the medial, center, and lateral sections of each steak and locational identify maintained. In addition, a random composite of cubes from an entire steak was used for a sensory panel evaluation. Previously frozen steaks had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values, less cooking loss, and a shorter cooking …
Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks (2002), R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks (2002), R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We investigated mechanical force measurements on uncooked longissimus muscle as a means to predict Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and trained sensory panel tenderness (SPT) of cooked strip loin steaks. Uncooked steaks from 24 USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were evaluated at 2 and 14 days postmortem using plumb bob and needle probe devices attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Cooked steaks aged 14 days were then evaluated for WBSF and SPT. Regression models to predict SPT from needle probe and plumb bob measurements individually taken at 2 days postmortem had R2 of 0.54 and 0.51, respectively. Combining …
Timed Insemination Of Suckled Beef Cows After Ovulation Synchronization With Cosynch + Cidr (2002), Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Timed Insemination Of Suckled Beef Cows After Ovulation Synchronization With Cosynch + Cidr (2002), Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Lactating beef cows (n=360) were synchronized using the Cosynch procedure; 100 μg of GnRH (day −7) followed in 7 days by 25 mg of PGF2α(day 0). A used intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR-B) was inserted on day −7 and removed at the time of PGF2αadministration. Cows were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of four treatments: 1) insemination beginning at 48 vs. 60 hours after PGF2αand 2) administration of a second, 100 μg injection of GnRH or an equivalent volume of saline immediately after timed AI. Timed AI at either 48 or 60 hours after PGF2αin a Cosynch + …
Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks (2002), T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden
Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks (2002), T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beef strip loins were assigned to one of 11 treatments that included injection marination (10% by weight) with three calcium salts at three molar concentrations, a distilled water control, and a non-marinated control. The effects of calcium salt and concentration were tested for retail display color life, tenderness and sensory traits, and microbial growth. Calcium lactate marinated steaks had longer color life and less microbial growth than those treated with calcium chloride or calcium ascorbate. Increasing molar concentration (.1M to .2M to .3M) caused faster color deterioration, and did not significantly improve microbial inhibition. All calcium treatments improved tenderness; however, …
Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate (2002), T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner
Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate (2002), T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ultrastructural changes were studied in beef eye of round muscle after 120 hours marination in 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0% calcium phosphate (CaPO) or 2, 4, or 6% calcium chloride or 1% sodium pyrophosphate (CaCl+NaPO) solutions. Increasing the concentration of CaPO caused decreasing myofibril width and increasing myofilament degradation. Increasing the concentration of CaCl+NaPO caused increasing loss of I-band material. Marination of beef eye of round muscle in calcium phosphate or calcium chloride + sodium pyrophosphate solutions caused denaturation of myofibrillar proteins likely due to marinating solution acidity.
Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production (2002), L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier
Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production (2002), L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
For the beef industry to be economically competitive with other meat industries, it is essential that individual producers strive for the most efficient, highest quality, least cost production possible. A sample of 26 Kansas beef cow-calf enterprises from the Kansas Standardized Performance Analysis database (SPA) was used to measure efficiency differences among producers, as well as factors contributing toward these differences. On average, farms were 86% technical, 69% economic, and 58% overall efficient. Thus, our results suggest that output could be increased by 14% with optimal technology use, and cost could be decreased by 42% if farms were fully economically …