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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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1997

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Articles 31 - 60 of 80

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effects Of Source And Level Of Added Chromium On Growth Performance Of Starter Pigs (1997), P R. O'Quinn, R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1997

Effects Of Source And Level Of Added Chromium On Growth Performance Of Starter Pigs (1997), P R. O'Quinn, R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 35-d growth trial was conducted with conventionally weaned nursery pigs to evaluate the efficacy of supplemental chromium (Cr) as either chromium nieotinate (CrNic) or chromium picolinate (CrPic). Neither source nor level of supplemental Cr had any effect on weanling pig growth performance or immune status. Equal levels of CrNic and CrPic produced similar results, except that pigs fed CrPic had higher serum Cr concentrations than pigs fed CrNic. These data suggest no beneficial responses to supplemental CrNic or CrPic in nursery pig diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Effects Of Tetracycline On Shedding Of Susceptible And Resistant Salmonella Spp. Experimentally Inoculated Into Pigs (1997), K M. Claussen, D R. Hyatt, J C. Galland, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J M. Sargeant, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1997

Effects Of Tetracycline On Shedding Of Susceptible And Resistant Salmonella Spp. Experimentally Inoculated Into Pigs (1997), K M. Claussen, D R. Hyatt, J C. Galland, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J M. Sargeant, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this experiment was to study the influence of tetracycline on the transfer of antibiotic resistance in an in vivo swine model experimentally infected with antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic susceptible Salmonella spp. Tetracycline reduced the amount and duration of shedding of tetracycline- susceptible Salmonella. However, tetracycline had no effect on shedding of resistant Salmonella. We also have evidence that resistance was transferred from the resistant to the susceptible strain of Salmonella.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Determining The Optimal Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (25 To 50 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, S Moser, C Civis, P R. O'Quinn, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1997

Determining The Optimal Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (25 To 50 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, S Moser, C Civis, P R. O'Quinn, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 21 d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the apparent digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio on growth performance of the 25 to 50 lb pig raised in a high-health, segregated early-weaning (SEW) system. Ten diets were fed with two levels of lysine (.75% and 1.10% apparent digestible lysine) and five apparent digestible tryptophan levels (13, 16, 19, 22, or 25% of lysine). Feeding the high dietary lysine consistently improved ADG and FIG and reduced ADFI. Increasing the tryptophan: lysine ratio did not improve overall performance. Based upon our results, the dietary tryptophan level to maximize growth performance …

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Influence Of Dietary Tryptophan Levels On The Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (10 To 20 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, P R. O'Quinn, S Moser, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1997

Influence Of Dietary Tryptophan Levels On The Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (10 To 20 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, P R. O'Quinn, S Moser, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (averaging 13 d of age and 9.4 lb) was used to determine the effects of increasing dietary tryptophan:lysine ratio on the growth performance of segregated early-weaned (SEW) pigs. Two apparent digestible lysine levels (1. 15 and 1.50 %) and six apparent digestible tryptophan: lysine ratios (12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25%) were fed from d 0 to 16 after weaning. Lysine x tryptophan interactions were observed for ADG and F/G. Increasing the tryptophan: lysine ratio in the low lysine diets improved ADG and F/G in a quadratic manner. Increasing the tryptophan level had no …

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Effects Of Additional L-Carnitine During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance Of First Parity Gilts (1997), R E. Musser, C A. Civis, S A. Blum, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1997

Effects Of Additional L-Carnitine During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance Of First Parity Gilts (1997), R E. Musser, C A. Civis, S A. Blum, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 first parity gilts was used to determine the effects of 50 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, gilts were fed a milo-soybean meal diet with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine. No differences were observed in litter weaning weight or weight gain or changes in sow weight and last rib fat depth during lactation. Although sows fed additional L-carnitine had lower average daily feed intake the first week of lactation, no differences were observed during the second week or in overall average daily feed intake. These results suggest …

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Effects Of L-Carnitine On Performance Of Gestating And Lactating Sows (1997), R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, C A. Civis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1997

Effects Of L-Carnitine On Performance Of Gestating And Lactating Sows (1997), R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, C A. Civis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 307 sows was used to determine the effects of adding 50 ppm of L-carnitine in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Addition of 50 ppm L-carnitine in gestation increased both total litter (34.1 vs 32.1 lb) and pig (3.48 vs 3.27 lb) birth weight. Litter weaning weights increased (99.03 vs 90.71 lb) when sows were fed added L-carnitine during gestation. Sows fed added L-carnitine in gestation had increased IGF-I concentrations on d 60 and 90 (71.3 vs 38.0, and 33.0 vs 25.0 ng/ml, respectively). These results suggest that feeding 50 ppm of added L-carnitine …

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Fetal And Maternal Responses To High Feed Intake From Day 29 To 45 Of Gestation (1997), R E. Musser, J W. Smith Ii, L L. Burum, C J. Samland, Duane L. Davis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Theresa J. Rathbun, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1997

Fetal And Maternal Responses To High Feed Intake From Day 29 To 45 Of Gestation (1997), R E. Musser, J W. Smith Ii, L L. Burum, C J. Samland, Duane L. Davis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Theresa J. Rathbun, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Parity-four sows were fed either 4.0 Ib/d (control, n = 6) or 14.0 Ib/d (high, n = 9) of feed from d 29 to 45 of gestation. On d 45 of ges~tion, sows were slaughtered and uteri collected for fetal and placental measurements. High-feed-intake sows gained more weight from. d 29 to 45 compared to control sows. Providing feed in excess of established requirements to gestating sows from d 29 to 45 of gestation increased IGF-I concentrations in maternal plasma and decreased crown-rump length variation of the fetus. Increased feed intake resulted in a removal of the correlation between average …

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Trends In The Swine Industry: Operations And Marketings (1997), J L. Parcell, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter Jan 1997

Trends In The Swine Industry: Operations And Marketings (1997), J L. Parcell, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Trends in the size of swine operations in Kansas and the V. S. are toward fewer and larger operations. The number of operations in Kansas and the U.S. continues to decline; however, the number of hogs marketed has increased because of an increase in operation size. Kansas producers have increased operation size at a slower rate compared to U.S. producers. Kansas ranks tenth nationally in hogs marketed. A migration of swine production from eastern, central, and northern Kansas to southwest Kansas has occurred in the past 5 years.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Historical Economic Returns To Alternative Swine Enterprises In Kansas (1997), R Jones, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1997

Historical Economic Returns To Alternative Swine Enterprises In Kansas (1997), R Jones, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examines historical net returns to average Kansas swine producers over the past 16 years. Swine production has been a profitable enterprise. As expected, average returns per head have been higher for farrow-to-finish producers than for feeder pig finishers, and farrow-to-finish producers have nearly always been able to at least cover variable costs of production.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1997

Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most compacted soils can be used for lagoon liners to achieve seepage guidelines established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 1997 Jan 1997

Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 1997

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report of agricultural research from Southwest Research-Extension Center of Kansas State University.

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1997 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 1997

1997 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Freestall Design And Management For Cow Comfort (1997), John F. Smith, G. A. Jones, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1997

Freestall Design And Management For Cow Comfort (1997), John F. Smith, G. A. Jones, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The design and management of freestall 4) air or vision. facilities are critical in maintaining cow comfort and high milk production. Dairy produc- Lunge Space ers should be conscious of the factors affecting cow comfort in freestall facilities. These The first reason a freestall may fail is lack factors include: ventilation, water availability, of lunge space. A cow needs forward or side feed availability, stall design, and stall bed- lunge space to maneuver in and out of the stall ding. Dairy producers should strive to have easily. There should be no obstructions in lactating cows standing to be milked; standing …

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Biosecurity In The Dairy (1997), Gerald L. Stokka, Thomas R. Falkner, Patrick Bierman Jan 1997

Biosecurity In The Dairy (1997), Gerald L. Stokka, Thomas R. Falkner, Patrick Bierman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three strategies exist to control unwanted disease in a livestock operation: 1) prevent the douintroduction of infected cattle, 2) raise the overall level of resistance and specific resistance to infectious disease, and 3) minimize herd exposure to infectious disease. In addition, if unwanted disease exists in the herd, then a plan to eliminate the disease should be implemented. Maintenance of closed herds, testing procedures, vaccination schedules, sanitation, and good husbandry practices are integral parts of biosecurity procedures. The procedures in place should produce a benefit in terms of both economics and public perception that the quality and safety of our …

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Planning A Dairy Expansion (1997), John F. Smith Jan 1997

Planning A Dairy Expansion (1997), John F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dairy farm size is increasing in all regions of the United States. In two of the largest dairy states, California and Wisconsin, mean herd sizes have increased 950% and 250%, respectively, since 1950. Dairy herds of 500 cows are common in all areas of the United States, and herds over 1,500 cows are common in the West producand Southeast. Many dairy operations are considering expansion of existing facilities or construction of new facilities to increase efficiencyor profitability. Before adding cows or facilities, dairy producers may want to answer the following questions: 1) How can I improve the efficiency of the …

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Flushing Manure Systems For Dairy Facilities (1997), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy Jan 1997

Flushing Manure Systems For Dairy Facilities (1997), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Flushing systems that collect and transport manure are utilized in dairy operations. The sanitation attainable and reduced labor requirements can make flushing a desirable option. Designed flush systems utilize a flush device to effirelease the correct volume of water at the appropriate discharge rate and length of time. This achieves the designed flow velocity, contact Tatime, and depth of water in the gutter to obtain miniadequate cleaning.; Dairy Day, 1997, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1997;

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Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham Jan 1997

Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Comfortable cows are contented cows. However, cows may be comfortable in their environment but also experience some discomfort because of the nutrition program. A good nutritional management program will improve desircow comfort by providing: 1) the proper balance of nutrients for efficient production; 2) buffers for high energy rations to prevent acidosis and consore feet; 3) rations in which grain cannot be consumed too rapidly; 4) rations with proper amounts of nonfiber carbohydrate; 5) highest quality forages during hot weather; 6) additional moisture in total mixed rations during hot weather; 7) a readily available water source; and 8) a bunk …

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The Effects Of Rbst (Posilac®) On Heat Stressed, Lactating, Dairy Cows (1997), John F. Smith, John E. Shirley, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

The Effects Of Rbst (Posilac®) On Heat Stressed, Lactating, Dairy Cows (1997), John F. Smith, John E. Shirley, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred cows located on a commercial dairy in Mesquite, NM were used to evaluate response to rbST (POSILAC®) during heat stress in the summer of 1996. Cows were paired by days in milk (average = 153 d at initiation of experiment), parity, and milk yield (average = 92 lb at start of experiment). Prior to initiation of the experiment, all cows received rbST, then rbST treatment was discontinued for one cow from each pair. Milk production was monitored for 4 months. No interactions were detected between lactation number and treatment. Cows maintained on rbST gained .09 of a score …

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Expeller Soybean Meal As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1997), John E. Shirley, D. Piehl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel Jan 1997

Expeller Soybean Meal As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1997), John E. Shirley, D. Piehl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The loss of meat and bone meal as a source of high quality protein for lactating cows creates an increased need for nonanimal sources. Fifty six Holstein cows were used to evaluate expeller soybean meal as a source of rumen undegradable intake (by-pass) protein for high producing cows. Expeller soybean meal tended to improve 3.5% contain fat-corrected milk yield and increased milk fat percentage relative to diets containing either solvent soybean meal or a meat and bone meal:blood meal mixture. In contrast, the protein percentage in milk was depressed significantly when cows were fed expeller soybean meal compared to animal …

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Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 1997 Jan 1997

Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 1997

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Each Field Day report consists of individual research reports on topics specific to the region, including cultural methods for most of the major crops grown in Kansas, mitigating the effects of weeds, insects, and disease associated with those crops, and irrigation. Research is conducted and reports written by staff of the K-State Research and Extension Southwest Research Extension Center.

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Field Research 1997, Dale L. Fjell Jan 1997

Field Research 1997, Dale L. Fjell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Conception And Pregnancy Rates In Dairy Cows After Various Programmed Breeding Systems (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. E. Thompson, Y. Kobayashi Jan 1997

Conception And Pregnancy Rates In Dairy Cows After Various Programmed Breeding Systems (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. E. Thompson, Y. Kobayashi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to measure conception and pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows after various treatments followed by artificial insemination (AI) after detected estrus or at one fixed time. In Experiment 1, Holstein cows in one herd were assigned randomly to four treatments every 3 wk (27, 3-wk cluster groups): 1)Ovsynch33, 2) GnRH+PGF2α, 3) 2xPGF2α, and 4) 2xPGF2α+GnRH. In Experiment 2, Holstein cows in one herd were assigned randomly to two treatments every 3 wk (14, 3-wk cluster groups): 1) Ovsynch48 and 2) GnRH+PGF2α. In both experiments, frozen-thawed semen from multiple sires was used, one technician performed>95% of …

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Atp Bioluminescence Can Evaluate Cleaning And Sanitizing Effectiveness In The Milking Parlor (1997), M. J. Meyer, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1997

Atp Bioluminescence Can Evaluate Cleaning And Sanitizing Effectiveness In The Milking Parlor (1997), M. J. Meyer, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four areas of the milking parlor were evaluated for effective cleaning and sanitation using total aerobic counts (standard plate count) and ATP bioluminescence (ATPB) techniques. Whereas the plate counts only monitor bacterial numbers, the ATPB results (reported as relative light units, RLU) also indicate residual soil or food residue on the surface. Results showed little correlation between the RLU values and the aerobic plate count data; however, the ATP bioluminescence system is a fast (<2>min) and simple method that evaluates the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation procedures employed.; Dairy Day, 1997, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1997;

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Explaining Differences In Efficiency Among Dairy Operations (1997), P. T. Berends, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone Jan 1997

Explaining Differences In Efficiency Among Dairy Operations (1997), P. T. Berends, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To remain competitive, dairy operatoins need to continue to improve production efficiency and manage costs. Kansas Farm Management Association data from 1991 to 1995 were used to measure technical, economic, and overall efficiencies for 50 dairy operations in Kansas. On average, the farms showed .87 technical, .71 economic, and .67 overall efficiency. The latter was related negatively to labor, capital, feed, and fuel and utility expenses per cow. Veterinarian expenses were related positively to overall efficiency. Overall efficiency was the most sensitive to changes in feed expenses per cow, emphasizing the importance of controlling this cost. Results also indicated that …

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Various Estrus-Synchronization Programs For Heifers (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1997

Various Estrus-Synchronization Programs For Heifers (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various programs of estrus synchronization have been tested during the last 6 years to determine the least costly and most efficacious for dairy heifer replacements. Four systems were tested: 1) a modified Ovsynch treatment (GnRH 7 days before PGF2 α followed by GnRH either at 24, 30, 33, 40, or 48 hr, with one fixed-time insemination 16 to 20 hr later); 2) a similar protocol that used GnRH 7 days before PGF 2α followed by insemination at estrus (GnRH + PGF 2α); 3) inseminations after one or two injections of PGF 2α given 14 days apart (PGF2α; heifers not detected …

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High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks (1997), S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1997

High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks (1997), S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To determine the effects of storage in a high-carbon dioxide, modified-atmosphere package (MAP) on shelf life, beef strip steaks were packaged under 30% CO2-70% N2 and stored for up to 42 days at 30 or 38 ÌŠF. Aerobic plate counts (APC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in these ExtendPak™ packages were well below the threshold of spoilage even after 42 days of MAP storage. After 28 days of storage, steaks stored in vacuum packages had APC counts 1.0 log 10 greater than steaks in MAP. APCs increased during a 5-day display period in steaks store d in vacuum packages, …

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Steam Pasteurization To Reduce Bacterial Populations On Commercially Slaughtered Beef Carcasses (1997), D.E. Schafer, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch Jan 1997

Steam Pasteurization To Reduce Bacterial Populations On Commercially Slaughtered Beef Carcasses (1997), D.E. Schafer, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A steam pasteurization system (SPS) has been shown in laboratory and commercial evaluations to effectively reduce bacterial populations on freshly slaughtered beef. Our study evaluate d the bactericidal uniformity of SPS. Samples were collected from the five anatomical locations, one per carcass, 40 samples per location , so that 200 carcasses were evaluated before and 200 after pasteurization. Each carcass was sampled by wiping a 300 c m2 area of the specified location with a moist, sterile sponge. For all locations, the total aerobic plate count (APC) after pasteurization was lower (P#.01). Before pasteurization, the midline was contaminate d most …

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Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden Jan 1997

Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid smoke (LS) reduce d Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts in inoculated beef trimmings and ground beef patties. The counts were reduced (P<.05) by .5 log 10 cfu/g immediately after beef trimmings were treated with 8% LS and by 1.2, 2.0, 1.6, and 2.3 log 10 cfu/g after the trimmings were formed into patties and tested or stored under refrigeration for 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively (2 log10 reduction represents 99%) Thus, LS could make beef-containing products safer with respect to foodborne pathogens.

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Ultrasound Versus Convection Cooking Of Beef Longissimus And Pectoralis Muscles (1997), F.W. Pohlman, J.F. Zayas, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh Jan 1997

Ultrasound Versus Convection Cooking Of Beef Longissimus And Pectoralis Muscles (1997), F.W. Pohlman, J.F. Zayas, Michael E. Dikeman, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Longissimus and pectoralis muscles were removed from 10 steer carcasses at 4 days postmortem , aged for 14 days at 4 ÌŠF, then assigned to either ultrasound (ULS) or convection (Conv) cooking to either 144 or 15 8 ÌŠF internal temperature. Ultrasound cooking was faster (P<.05), had greater (P<.05) moisture retention and less (P<.05) cooking loss, and used less energy (P<.05). It also produced muscle samples that required less (P<.05) peak force to shear than those from Conv cooking and resulted in superior (P<.05) myofibrillar tenderness. No significant interactions occurred among cooking method, muscle, or endpoint temperature. As expected, longissimus (ribeye) muscles cooked faster (P<.05) and required less (P<.05) energy and were superior (P<.05) in instrumentally measured texture and sensory tenderness than pectoralis muscles. Cooking to 158EF caused greater (P<.05) moisture and cooking losses, required more (P<.05) time and energy, and degraded (P<.05) instrumental textural and sensor y characteristics. Ultrasound offers a new cooking mode that could increase cooking speed, improve energy efficiency and improve some textural characteristics, compared to conventional cooking.

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Antioxidant Properties Of Liquid Smoke In Precooked Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden Jan 1997

Antioxidant Properties Of Liquid Smoke In Precooked Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid smoke (LS) effectiveness in controlling lipid oxidation and warmed-over flavor (WOF) in beef was investigated. Aroma scores, "α-thiobarbituri c acid (TBA) numbers, and pH values were lower (P<.05) in LS-treated beef patties than in patties without LS. LS has useful antioxidative properties in precooked ground beef patties at the normally recommended percentage of 1.5%. That should reduce undesirable flavor development and product loss.

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