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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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1985

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Should You Use Artificial Insemination And/Or Embryo Transfer In Your Swine Operation? (1985), Duane L. Davis Jan 1985

Should You Use Artificial Insemination And/Or Embryo Transfer In Your Swine Operation? (1985), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of AI and embryo transfer in swine herds will undoubtedly increase during the next decade. The techniques themselves will undergo refinement and improvements as swine producers learn to use them and to manage the genetic aspects of their herds. These techniques should not be viewed as useful tools only for large swine herds. In fact, the relative genetic advantage is probably greater for the medium-sized or small herd, since the superiority of the AI sires compared to boars otherwise available to these herds is relatively greater. Also, access to breeds that are not locally available is an important …

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Effect Of Mixing On Performance Of Finishing Swine (1985), Robert H. Hines Jan 1985

Effect Of Mixing On Performance Of Finishing Swine (1985), Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of mixing finishing pigs on subsequent performance. Growth rate of heavier pigs was reduced 15-35% in the two weeks after mixing when compared to the non-mixed pigs. This reduction in weight gain resulted in a significant difference in average daily gain overall for pigs mixed at 5 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. An 8% reduction in the two weeks following mixing was observed for pigs mixed at 3 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. However, during the following weeks of the trial, these pigs recovered, resulting in a non-significant reduction overall in …

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Effect Of Weekly Temperature Reduction On Nursery Pig Performance (1985), David A. Nichols, M Johnston, Frank Blecha, James P. Murphy Jan 1985

Effect Of Weekly Temperature Reduction On Nursery Pig Performance (1985), David A. Nichols, M Johnston, Frank Blecha, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 64 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of weekly temperature reductions. No differences were observed between treatments for average daily feed intake, daily gain, or feed efficiency. Pigs exposed to cooler temperatures during weeks 3 and 4 tended to consume more feed than those housed at 92 F for the entire period.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

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Effect Of High Nutrient-Density Diets On Starter Pig Performance (1985), B C. Thaler, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1985

Effect Of High Nutrient-Density Diets On Starter Pig Performance (1985), B C. Thaler, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments and an on-farm trial were conducted to compare the performance of weanling pigs fed a high nutrient-density diet (HNDD) to the performance of pigs fed standard corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets. A total of 358 crossbred weanling pigs (approximately 21 days of age) were allotted to experimental treatments based on initial weight and ancestry. Average initial pen weights ranged from 6.5 to 21.9 lb for the three trials. Dietary treatments consisted of feeding HNDD for 1 or 2 weeks followed by either 20% whey diets and/or 1.25% lysine C-SBM diets, a 20% whey diet for 2 weeks followed by …

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Effects Of Fish Protein Hydrolysate And Dried Whey In Starter Pig Diets (1985), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1985

Effects Of Fish Protein Hydrolysate And Dried Whey In Starter Pig Diets (1985), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) as a protein source in starter diets for pigs. A total of 552 weaned pigs were used in three growth trials and one digestion study. All three growth trials were designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on starter pig performance. The digestion study was designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on nutrient digestibility. Adding 3% FPH to starter pig diets resulted in an improvement (8-17%) in average daily gain (ADG) over a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Feed efficiency …

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Use Of Raw Soybeans In Sow Diets (1985), G L. Allee, De-Fa Li, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1985

Use Of Raw Soybeans In Sow Diets (1985), G L. Allee, De-Fa Li, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-six gilts were used to evaluate the effects of feeding raw soybeans during gestation, lactation, and rebreeding on sow and litter performance. Reproductive performance during two parities was not impaired by feeding raw soybeans. However, sows fed raw soybeans lost more weight during lactation than sows fed soybean meal. The factor (or factors) responsible for this increased weight loss during lactation and the long-term consequences remains to be determined.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

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Dietary Energy Intake During Lactation And Following Weaning; Effects On Sow And Litter Performance (1985), S A. Dulohery, Jim L. Nelssen, Duane L. Davis Jan 1985

Dietary Energy Intake During Lactation And Following Weaning; Effects On Sow And Litter Performance (1985), S A. Dulohery, Jim L. Nelssen, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of energy intake during a 21-day lactation and from weaning to estrus on sow and litter performance was studied. Lactation treatments consisted of two energy intakes, either 8 (Low Energy; LE) or 16 (High Energy, HE) Meal of metabolized energy (ME) per sow per day. Lactation diets were equivalent to daily feed intakes of 6 or 12 lb, respectively, of a grain-soybean meal diet. Energy intake from weaning to first estrus was either 5.5 (LE) or 11 (HE) Meal of ME per sow per day, formulated to approximate feeding of 4 or 8 lb of a grain-soybean meal …

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Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus Level For Sows (1985), P F. Maxson Jan 1985

Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus Level For Sows (1985), P F. Maxson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The past decade has seen increased emphasis upon sow research. With the strong pressure toward increased sow productivity, there continues to be a need for evaluation of sow nutrient requirements. One area that has received much attention is the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) needs of gestating and lactating swine. Research has increased our knowledge of Ca and P for reproducing swine but there is still a great deal to be ascertained regarding the mineral requirements of the sow. There continues to be concern over the high incidences of leg soundness and posterior paralysis problems in reproducing sows. The most …

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Supplementation Of Swine Diets With Fat (1985), Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1985

Supplementation Of Swine Diets With Fat (1985), Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

After several years of intensive research) the addition of fat to swine diets continues to generate spirited discussion. The use of cereal grain-soybean meal diets in the swine industry is popular because of the plentiful supply and current low price of cereal grains. Fat is an excellent energy source for all classes of swine, with a value approximately 2.25 times that of carbohydrates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1985

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Comparison Of 36 Mg And 72 Mg Ralgro® For Suckling Steer Calves, D.D. Simms, R. Bolze Jan 1985

Comparison Of 36 Mg And 72 Mg Ralgro® For Suckling Steer Calves, D.D. Simms, R. Bolze

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In order to evaluate whether a 72 mg Ralgro® dosage would improve growth response over 36 mg, 260 suckling steer calves on tow Kansas ranches were assigned to five implant treatments. In trial 1, 72 mg Ralgro® increased gain more than 36 mg Ralgro®. In trial 2, all implant treatments gave only a slight increase in growth rate over controls. Thus, the results are inconclusive and warrant more research before an accurate evaluation of 72 mg Ralgro® for suckling steer calves can be made.

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Effects Of Ralgro® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Carcass And Meat Traits Of Young Bulls, D.G. Gray, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1985

Effects Of Ralgro® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Carcass And Meat Traits Of Young Bulls, D.G. Gray, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Implanting young bulls with Ralgro® from birth to slaughter maintained performance similar to nonimplanted bulls, increased quality grade and carcass fatness, delayed carcass masculinity development, decreased hide weight and thickness, and improved some meat palatability traits. Our results indicate that implanting young bulls with Ralgro® from birth to slaughter improves the traits cited most often by beef packers as reasons for discriminating against young bulls for meat production.

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Effect Of Fenbendazole On Cow-Calf Performance And Fecal Egg Counts, Gerry L. Kuhl, R. Ridley, E. Francis, L. Riat Jan 1985

Effect Of Fenbendazole On Cow-Calf Performance And Fecal Egg Counts, Gerry L. Kuhl, R. Ridley, E. Francis, L. Riat

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A field trial was conducted with 80 cow-calf pairs to evaluate the effect of deworming both cows and calves with fenbendazole, on cattle performance and internal parasite burden. Midseason and weaning weights of calves in the fenbendazole-treated group averaged 22.4 and 33.5 lb heavier (P<.04), respectively, than controls. Cow and calf fecal egg counts were low throughout the grazing season and were not materially affected by treatment.

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Range Research Highlights, E.F. Smith Jan 1985

Range Research Highlights, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 1135 acre tract of native bluestem pasture 5 miles northeast of Manhattan was acquired by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 1946 for range research. Professor A.G. Picket was in charge of the beef cattle research at that time. Professor Kling Anderson of the Department of Agronomy cooperated with the Department of Animal Husbandry in collecting grazing research data. Professor Clenton Owensby, presently assisted by Mr. Gene Towne, took over Dr. Anderson's responsibilities after his retirement. Mr. Jim Whitney is responsible for supervising work at the unit. Many students, staff, faculty, and producers have aided in many aspects of …

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Estimating Frame Score From Hip Height And Age, R.R. Schalles Jan 1985

Estimating Frame Score From Hip Height And Age, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Frame score is a convenient way of describing the skeletal size of cattle. With adequate height growth curves most animals should maintain the same frame score throughout their life, while their actual height increases with age. Environmental factors can alter the normal skeletal growth rate. Nutrition level is a major factor. Cattle fed less than adequate nutrition will growth slower than the tables indicate, while cattle fed extremely high levels will growth faster. Large framed cattle grow faster and for a longer time than small framed cattle. Bulls grow faster than heifers. The accompanying tables and equations are currently the …

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Effect Of Sex Status And Breed-Type On Performance Of Highly Stressed Calves, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, Jack G. Riley, J.B. Mclaren Jan 1985

Effect Of Sex Status And Breed-Type On Performance Of Highly Stressed Calves, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, Jack G. Riley, J.B. Mclaren

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bull and steer calves of mixed breed type were shipped from Newport, Tennessee to Manhattan, Kansas. Bull calves were castrated on arrival at Manhattan. Calves were classified into four breed-types as follows: (1) black, polled, medium-frame, number one muscling; (2) white-faced, feather-necked, medium-frame, number one muscling; (3) black or red with white face, medium frame, number one muscling; and (4) large-frame, mixed-color calves. The calves were in transit for 24 hours. Calves purchased and transported as steers outgained those purchased as bulls and castrated upon feedlot arrival by 26 lbs during the receiving phase and by 13 lbs on pasture. …

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Mineral, Rumensin®, And Chlortetracycline Supplementation For Steers On Native Bluestem Pasture, E.F. Smith, Jack G. Riley, R.R. Schalles, Ronald W. Graber, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1985

Mineral, Rumensin®, And Chlortetracycline Supplementation For Steers On Native Bluestem Pasture, E.F. Smith, Jack G. Riley, R.R. Schalles, Ronald W. Graber, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty steers, primarily of British breeding, were allotted to one of four treatments and maintained on native bluestem pastures from January 11, 1984 to October 2, 1984. Steers received either chlortetracycline or Rumensin®, with and without mineral supplementation.

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Effect Of Treating Tall Fescue Pasture With Mefluidide On Performance Of Grazing Steers, Joseph L. Moyer, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1985

Effect Of Treating Tall Fescue Pasture With Mefluidide On Performance Of Grazing Steers, Joseph L. Moyer, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mefluidide (Embark® ) delays maturity and suppresses seed head formation in grasses. Mefluidide treatment increased the crude protein content of fescue pasture and improved daily gain of grazing steers by 14.3% (.21 lb per head daily).

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Factors Affecting Conception Rates In Heifers And Cows Synchronized With Syncro-Mate-B®, J.T. Brink, C.D. Middleton, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1985

Factors Affecting Conception Rates In Heifers And Cows Synchronized With Syncro-Mate-B®, J.T. Brink, C.D. Middleton, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In five trials during 1983 and 1984, 238 cows and 54 heifers were synchronized with Syncro-Mate-B® and artificially inseminated 48 hours after implant removal. The conception rate was 42.5% in cows that were cycling and 19.8% in cows that were not cycling before Syncro-Mate-B® treatment. Heifers started on the Syncro-Mate-B® treatment before day 11 of the estrous cycle had a higher conception rate (64.3%) than heifers started after day 11 (38.5%). Conception rates among the trials varied from 19.8 to 64.3%.

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A Comparison Of Estrus Synchronization With Syncro-Mate-B® To Natural Service, C. Middleton, T. Brink, G. Kiracofe, J. Brethour, R. Negus Jan 1985

A Comparison Of Estrus Synchronization With Syncro-Mate-B® To Natural Service, C. Middleton, T. Brink, G. Kiracofe, J. Brethour, R. Negus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Conception rates and subsequent calving dates were compared between cows synchronized with Syncro-Mate-B® and inseminated by appointment and nonsynchronized cows bred by natural service. Average conception date was seven days earlier in the synchronized cows.

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The Effects Of Levamisole, Receiving Diets, And Pre And Post Transit Potassium On Gain And Health Of Stressed Calves, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, J.B. Mclaren, Jack G. Riley Jan 1985

The Effects Of Levamisole, Receiving Diets, And Pre And Post Transit Potassium On Gain And Health Of Stressed Calves, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, J.B. Mclaren, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We purchased 264 calves (125 bulls and 139 steers) in Tennessee and transported them to Kansas to evaluate the effects of levamisole injections and potassium supplementation, before and after transit, and feedlot receiving rations on performance and health of stressed calves. The calves were held for 48 to 96 hours in the order-buyer barn, fed either a 1.1% or 1.5% potassium (K) ration, transported for 24 hours, and fed either a 40% concentrate or hay-plus protein-supplement receiving diet fortified with either 1.1 or 1.7% K for 28 days. They were met in Kansas with 16 hr of cold driving rain, …

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Effect Of Vitamin Supplementation Of Receiving Diets On The Performance Of Stressed Beef Calves, B. Lee, R. Stuart, K. Perryman, K. Ridenour Jan 1985

Effect Of Vitamin Supplementation Of Receiving Diets On The Performance Of Stressed Beef Calves, B. Lee, R. Stuart, K. Perryman, K. Ridenour

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ration formulation for stressed beef calves needs careful consideration, since low feed intakes, rumen dysfunction, and various other health and management problems may influence nutrient intakes and requirements. Supplementation with Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins in starting and receiving diets appears to improve animal performance and health.

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Effects Of Ralgro® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Performance, Masculinity, And Behavior Of Young Bulls, D.G. Gray, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1985

Effects Of Ralgro® Implants From Birth To Slaughter On Performance, Masculinity, And Behavior Of Young Bulls, D.G. Gray, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Implanting bulls with Ralgro® from birth to slaughter resulted in performance similar to that of nonimplanted bulls. However, implanted bulls were less masculine, had smaller scrotal circumference up to 16 months of age, had lower serum testosterone levels up to 13 months of age, and were less aggressive from 12 to 14 months of age compared to nonimplanted bulls.

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Action Of Decoquinate In Altering Feed Efficiency Of Ruminants, D.L. Harmon Jan 1985

Action Of Decoquinate In Altering Feed Efficiency Of Ruminants, D.L. Harmon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of adding decoquinate (Deccox®) to the diet at 0, 0.5, or 5 mg per kg body weight were evaluated with diets of 30 and 80% concentrate. Decoquinate did not influence rumen or plasma metabolites, diet digestibility, or volatile fatty acid production. No metabolic effects were seen that would suggest a role for decoquinate in altering rumen fermentation and feed efficiency of ruminants.

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High Moisture Corn Ensiled With Urea, J. Heidker, K. Bolsen, M. Hinds, H. Ilg, B. Janicki, B. Young Jan 1985

High Moisture Corn Ensiled With Urea, J. Heidker, K. Bolsen, M. Hinds, H. Ilg, B. Janicki, B. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

High moisture corn harvested at 18 and 26% moisture, rolled, treated with 0, .75, 1.5, or 2.25% urea (DM basis), and ensiled was evaluated for fermentation rate, chemical composition, and aerobic stability. Adding urea to 26% moisture corn increased the rate and extent of fermentation as measured by lactic, acetic, and total acid concentrations. Only a very limited fermentation occurred in the 18% moisture corn. No statistically significant differences were noted in DM loss or aerobic stability among the eight corn treatments.

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Effect Of Water Temperature On Cattle Performance, P. Murphy, Ronald V. Pope, David A. Nichols, Jack G. Riley Jan 1985

Effect Of Water Temperature On Cattle Performance, P. Murphy, Ronald V. Pope, David A. Nichols, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When average outside air temperature was about 40 F, water temperatures of 40, 60, Of' 80 F had little effect on water intakes of yearling steers and heifers. In addition, there were no significant differences in average daily feed or efficiency. No electrical energy was required to maintain water at 40 F, and it took about twice as much electricity to maintain water at 80 F instead of 60 F.

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Drought-Stressed, Irrigated, And Additive-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, R. Smith, J. Hoover, D. Axe Jan 1985

Drought-Stressed, Irrigated, And Additive-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, R. Smith, J. Hoover, D. Axe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle fed drought-stressed corn silage gained about 10% slower but were just as efficient as cattle fed irrigated corn silage. Because the irrigated corn out yielded the drought corn (17.4 VS. 8.2 tons per acre), the irrigated silage gave a much higher cattle gain per acre (1928 VS. 940 1b). Silo Guard II®-treated silage had an advantage in DM recovery and feed conversion over its control and produced 4.6 more pounds of cattle gain per ton of crop ensiled. Cattle fed H/M Inoculant®- treated silage gained significantly faster than cattle fed the control, however, the treated silage gave only slight …

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Whole-Plant Forage, Grain, Or Nonheading Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, J. Hoover, J. Dickerson Jan 1985

Whole-Plant Forage, Grain, Or Nonheading Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, R. Smith, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, J. Hoover, J. Dickerson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three sorghum hybrid types were used to make six silages in the fall of 1983. Eight silage rations were compared using 160 steer calves in an 84-day growing trial. Using forage sorghum silage as a base (100), grain sorghum silage had a feeding value of 133, and nonheading sorghum silage 89, when evaluated for comparative rates and efficiencies of gain. Silages from concrete stave silos produced faster and more efficient steer gains than silages from Silopress® bags. Rolling the grain sorghum silages at feeding time to break 95% of the grain significantly improved steer performance. The feeding value of corn …

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Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite Supplements For Cattle Fed Corn Or Sorghum Silages, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, K. Jacques, D. Harmon Jan 1985

Sodium Bicarbonate And Sodium Bentonite Supplements For Cattle Fed Corn Or Sorghum Silages, D. Axe, K. Bolsen, K. Jacques, D. Harmon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementing forage sorghum silage rations with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) improved performance of growing cattle over the control supplement. However, neither NaHCO 3 nor sodium bentonite supplementation to corn silage rations improved cattle performance.

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Vacuum-Packaged Versus Conventionally Packaged Ground Beef: The Influence Of Packaging On Consumer Acceptance And Flavor Characteristics, N.M. Lynch, J.F. Caul, Donald H. Kropf, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1985

Vacuum-Packaged Versus Conventionally Packaged Ground Beef: The Influence Of Packaging On Consumer Acceptance And Flavor Characteristics, N.M. Lynch, J.F. Caul, Donald H. Kropf, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Vacuum-packaged ground beef was compared to a conventionally packaged (polyvinyl chloride) product to determine consumer flavor and aroma preferences. In addition, flavor characteristics were described and quantified by a trained panel. Consumer panels slightly preferred the cooked beef flavor of the conventionally packaged product and the raw aroma of the vacuum-packaged product. Conventionally packaged samples displayed for 3 days and then cooked were slightly less beefy, less fresh, more stale, slightly less bloody/serumy, slightly less sour, and had less of a metallic mouth feel than vacuum-packaged samples stored 12 days and cooked. Throughout display, flavor of the vacuum-packaged samples was …

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The Manhattan Weather In 1983 And 1984, L. Dean Bark Jan 1985

The Manhattan Weather In 1983 And 1984, L. Dean Bark

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The charts of the daily weather drawn by the KSU computer indicate what occurred in the past two years. The three smooth curves in each diagram represent the average conditions at Manhattan based on 70 years of records from the files of the Agricultural Experiment Stations Weather Data Library. The top two curves show the average maximum and minimum temperatures occurring throughout the year. They reach a low point in mid-January and climb to a peak in mid-July. The bottom smooth curve indicates the average accumulative precipitation during the year. Starting at zero on January 1, it increase during the …

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