Life Sciences Commons^™

Mississippi's Severance Tax And Forest Resource Development Program, G. H. Weaver, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mississippi's Forest Resource Development Pro- gram was the second state-sponsored forestry assistance pro- gram in the United States. It was authorized by the legislature tn 1974 in response to concerns over long-term availability of softwood timber. It is funded by a severance tax levied at the potnt of first processing. Since inception, 152,295 acres have been treated under the program. Severance tax rates were established in 1974 and remained constant until 1981. Costs rose rapidly during these years, and the only way to increase funds for the program was to cut more timber or raise the fixed tax rates, as …

Stand Risk Rating For The Southern Pine Beetle: Integrating Pest Management With Forest Management, Gordon L. Autry

Faculty Publications

Stand risk rating for the southern pine beetle.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., is a first step toward dealing with a serious but sporadic insect problem. Two approaches, one utilizing readily available resource data, the other employing data obtained from aerial photographs, illustrate application of current knowledge to meet the protection needs of resource management-the primary role of integrated pest management. During a 36-month period in Louisiana, high-risk stands accounted for 13.4 infestations per 1,000 acres, four times the rate of low-risk stands; in Texas high-risk stands accounted for 9 .9 infestations per 1 ,000 acres during 1973-1978, almost five times the …

High-Temperature Battery Calorimeter, L. D. Hansen, R. H. Hart, D. M. Chen, H. F. Gibbard

Faculty Publications

A battery calorimeter was built for the measurement of thermal energy generation of high-temperature lithium–aluminum/iron sulfide battery cells, which are under development for electric vehicle propulsion and other energy storage applications. The calorimeter was designed with a temperature range of 400˚–500˚C, a detection limit of 1 mW, and an upper limit of heat flow of 50 W. The results of measurements on 200-Ah LiAl/FeS cells were in excellent agreement with the predictions of thermodynamic calculations based on precise measurements of the total cell polarization and the temperature coefficient of the emf. Details of the construction and operation principles of this …

Mississippi Timber Removals - A Ten Year Presentation, G. H. Weaver, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mississippi is a major producer of manufactured forest products, and most of the timber required by Mississippi's forest industry is produced and harvested within the State. A severance tax on timber harvested in Mississippi is paid to the Mississippi State Tax Commission, and annual reports of timber removals are prepared by the Commission.

Behavioral And Genetic Diversity During Dispersal: Analysis Of A Polymorphic Esterase Locus In Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Frontalis, L. Zack Florence, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

Dispersal behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in response to synthetic aggregating pheromone (frontalin) indicates an exponential decrease in response with distance from the site of emergence. Differential response during dispersal among genotypes at a polymorphic esterase locus was found by using starch gel electrophoresis. These differences produced allelic distributions that predict increased genetic diversity concurrent with increasing dispersal distance from the source population.

Hop, Flutter, Crawl: Interpreting Insects For Children, David L. Kulhavy, Michael Legg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Stand Age Analysis Of Timber On Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver, Willem W. S. Van Hees

Faculty Publications

Most of the current pine timber acreage in Mississippi developed through the reversion of large acreages of agricultural cropland to forestry. Now that cropland retirement has ceased, management practices must provide· for pine regeneration on existing forest lands. Harvesting practices that remove higher-valued pine timber from private, nonindustrial pine lands have created large acreages of poorly stocked, low quality hardwood stands.

Timber Severance Taxes In Mississippi, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Timber severance tax collections exceeded 2 million dollars in 1978 and 1979. Severance tax revenues are divided 25% to the state's general fund, 25% to the county where the tax was collected, and 50% to support the forest resource development program.. AU severance tax rates are fixed on a per unit volume basis except on poles, piling, and post: which are taxed on a percentage of value basis.

Sodium Flux Ratio In Voltage-Clamped Squid Giant Axons, David D. Busath, Ted Begenisich

Faculty Publications

The sodium flux ratio across the axolemma of internally perfused, voltage-clamped giant axons of Loligo pealei has been measured at various membrane potentials. The flux ratio exponent obtained from these measurements was about unity and independent of membrane voltage over the 50 mV range from about -20 to +30 mV. These results, combined with previous measurements of ion permeation through sodium channels, show that the sodium channel behaves like a multi-ion pore with two ion binding sites that are rarely simultaneously occupied by sodium.

Behavior Of The Southern Pine Beetle On The Bark Of Host Trees During Mass Attack, Jack E. Coster, W.D. Bunt, P.C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Twenty-two percent of the southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), that landed on the bark during the 1st 4 days of mass attack in East Texas, eventually entered the tree. Other beetles either flew away (43%), dropped off the host (32%), or were eaten (2%). No significant difference in searching time or distance traveled was found for day of attack or beetle sex. Males spent significantly less total time on the bark than females.

Spatial Distribution Of Flying Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) And The Predator Thanasunus Dubius (Coleoptera:Cleridae), Jack E. Coster, Paul C. Johnson, Reed J. Reeve

Faculty Publications

Spatial dispersion patterns of flying southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and the clerid predator Thanasimus dubius (F.) were determined within 3 natural infestations of southern pine beetle (SPB) in eastern Texas using grids of sticky traps. There was significant positive association of the 2 insects throughout the trapping grids, although aerial population densities of the clerid were inversely related to aerial densities of SPB. Aggregation patterns were quantified using the index of patchiness (lP) and the regressions of mean crowding (m) on mean density (m). Both methods showed a highly clumped pattern for both beetle species. SPB density in …

Characterization Of Grand Fir Colonized By Nosodenron Californicum Horn (Coleoptera: Nosodendridae), David Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

In two 50-hectare forested areas in a Thuja plicata/Pachistima myrsinites habitat type, 52 grand firs, Abies grandis (Douglas) Lindley, hosts of Nosodendron californicum Horn, were located. Trees colonized by N. 'califomicum averaged 40.6 min height, 115 years in age and 59.5 em in diameter. Average elevation was 906.8 m.

Outlook For Timber From Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Forestry is the dominant land use in Mississippi. Fifty-five percent of the State's total land base is commercial forest and 73 percent of this is held by private nonindustrial owners. The estimated timber harvest value for 1979 was over $550 million. Forest products were second only to soybeans in value in Mississippi's agricultural and forestry crops. The 1979 value is the fourth consecutive record harvest and represents increases in both harvest volume and product prices.

Comparative Physical Education And Sport In Real Life, Shirley H. M. Reekie

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Youth Sports In England, Shirley H. M. Reekie

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Heating-Effect Minimization In Dye Lasers, Kenneth Lee Matheson, James M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

Optical pumping of dye lasers deposits heat nonuniformly in the active medium. Because the refractive index of a liquid or gas is a function of temperature, gradients are created which refract the laser beam. This effect is sometimes serious enough to quench laser action. In this paper, we evaluate the effects caused by optical pumping with a coaxial flashlamp and suggest ultraviolet absorbers and wavelength shifters as materials for minimizing the problem

Characterizing Flight Aggregation Of The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster, Paul C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Spatial aggregation patterns of flying southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., were studied using a systematic grid of sticky flight traps placed in 3 beetle infestations. Five methods of characterizing dispersion were compared: Lloyd's index of patchiness (IP), Morisita's index of dispersion (15), the coefficient of dispersion (CD), the slope of

Taylor's power function (b) and the slope of Iwao's regression of mean crowding on mean density (m). All indices indicated a high degree of aggregation of flying southern pine beetles within the infestations. The indices varied, however, in their ranking of aggregation for the 3 study sites. IP and …

Effects Of Prescribing Burn On Cavity Trees Of Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, Richard N. Conner, Ann Snow

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Emulsion Dye Laser, Kenneth Lee Matheson, James M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

A laser dye which is insoluble in water has been dissolved in hexane and emulsified in a water matrix. When pumped with a nitrogen laser, this mixture was observed to lase. The emulsion is superior to a simple hexane solution because the excellent thermo-optical properties of the water matrix help prevent refractive-index gradients from degrading laser performance. This is a useful characteristic for flash-pumped dye lasers, laser-pumped dye lasers, and liquid filters. Another type of solvent system, a critical solution, is also discussed. For certain dyes, a critical solution has even better thermo-optical properties because of its ability to absorb …

Field Response Of The Southern Pine Beetle To Behavioral Chemicals, T.L. Payne, Jack E. Coster, L.J. Edson, E.R. Hart, J.V. Richerson

Faculty Publications

Field tests were conducted in East Texas in 1973-77 to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. A mixture of frontalin plus host tree volatiles attracted flying beetles within an infestation. Trans-verbenol synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, expinene and loblolly turpentine. Verbenone in a 1: 1 ratio with frontalin did not significantly affect trap catch. At higher concentrations of verbenone, trap catch was significantly reduced. Endobrevicomin inhibited trap catch when added to an attractant-baited trap. Exo-brevicomin showed no …

Probability Of Attack By Southern Pine Beetle In Relation To Distance From An Attractive Host Tree, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

The pattern of southern pine beetle (SPB) attack was examined in two infestations in East Texas to determine the probability of host tree attack (PA) as a function of distance (X) from a recently attacked tree (pheromone source). In an infestation having a low rate of newly attacked trees per day and only a few pheromone sources occurring simultaneously, distance was a critical factor in determining PA. The probability decreased as In X, and was described by the regression model, PA=0.06757- 0.2583 In X. Distance, however, was less critical in a larger infestation which had multiple pheromone sources occurring simultaneously …

A Simple Model For Predicting Annual Numbers Of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations In East Texas, James Kroll, Hershel C. Reeves

Faculty Publications

Eleven climatic variables, recorded during the period 1966-76, were used to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting potential number of southern pine beetle (SPB) infestations for east Texas. Four climatic variables were significantly (P < 0.05) related to numbers of SPB infestations. These were (1) mean temperature for February of current year, (2) total rainfall for previous summer, (3) total rain fall for previous fall, and (4) total rainfall for previous spring. The regression analysis accounted for 90.7 percent of the variation in yearly numbers of SPB infestations.

Intermolecular Potential Surfaces From Electron Gas Methods. Ii. Angle And Distance Dependence Of The A’ And A” Ar–No(X^2ii) Interactions, Glen C. Nielson, Gregory A. Parker, Russell T. Pack

Faculty Publications

Angle dependent intermolecular potential energy surfaces for the two states (2A’ and 2A”) that arise from the interaction of ground (X^2II) state NO with Ar are calculated using the electron gas model to obtain the short range interactions. The average and difference of the two interaction energies are fit to analytic forms convenient for use in scattering calculations and joined smoothly onto the long range van der Waals potential previously determined. The results, which appear to be of useful accuracy, and the applicability of the electron gas model to such open shell–closed shell interactions are discussed.

Aggregation Of The Southern Pine Beetle In Response To Attractive Host Trees, Jack E. Coster, T.L. Payne, E.R. Hart, L.J. Edson

Faculty Publications

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman were attracted to shortleaf pines, Pinus echinata MilL, using infested shortleaf pine bolts. Response was monitored during the ensuing mass attack period by the use of sticky traps suspended along the tree boles. Uninfested host materials or host materials containing only male beetles did not elicit mass attack of trees. Female beetles either alone or in combination with males, usually stimulated mass attack within 24 h. Traps at 3-4 m above the ground caught the greatest number (26.7%) of beetles. Trap catches peaked on the 3rd day of attack and declined rapidly thereafter. Daily flight activity was …

Distribution Of Some Predators And Parasites Of The Southern Pine Beetle In Two Species Of Pine, Jack E. Coster, Catherine Stein

Faculty Publications

Southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and its natural insect enemies were reared from infested loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., and shortleaf pines, P. echinata Mill. Southern pine beetle broods were most dense during spring (Mar.-May) and least dense in late summer. Populations were higher in late winter than in midsummer. There were no differences in beetle densities between the pine species. Twelve predators and 9 parasites comprised ca. 99% of the natural enemy complex.

Total density of the 12 predators did not vary with either season or tree species. Total parasite density, however, was highest in midsummer, lowest in …

Crown Positions Within Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation Canopies, J. David Lenhart, Dwight R. Hicks, Chi-Yun Ho

Faculty Publications

Crown class percentages are not affected by age or trees/acre. The percentage of dominant and suppressed trees is affected by land productivity.

Site Factors Affecting Growth Of Slash Pine In The Texas Post Oak Belt, W. D. Hacker, M. Victor Bilan

Faculty Publications

A study was conducted in the Post Oak Belt of East Texas to determine which site factors affected height growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.). Height-age pairs were developed from stem analysis data. Nonlinear regression was implemented to develop a generalized height-age model. After curves were developed, stepwise regression was used to determine impacts of environmental variables on height growth. Environmental factors correlated with height growth included A horizon depth and those related to moisture relations including seasonal precipitation, average daily temperature, and texture of the A horizon. South. J. . Appl. For. 21(2):71-74.

Stomatal Opening, Transpiration, And Need/E Moisture In Loblolly Pine Seedlings From Two Texas Seed Sources, M. Victor Bilan, C.T. Hogan, H.B. Carter

Faculty Publications

Relationships among percentage of open stomates, transpiration, and needle moisture content in seedlings of loblolly pine of two Texas provenances were studied under changing soil moisture conditions. Needle moisture content correlated very well with transpiration under favorable moisture conditions, and with percentage of open stomates under soil moisture stress. Transpiration and percentage of open stomates were correlated under a wide range of moisture conditions. Foliage moisture content was still relatively high in both ecotypes when stomates closed and transpiration drastically declined. The "Lost Pines" seed source appeared to have superior ability to conserve moisture under droughty conditions by closure of …

Towards Integrated Protection From The Southern Pine Beetle, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

Current southern pine beetle ( Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) control depends heavily upon direct approaches having short-term payoffs. Chemical or physical tactics have fidled to check epidemics in the Gulf South. A major challenge lies in developing and using indirect methods for managing this pest. Promotion of stand resistance and biotic agents, and manipulation of stand density and cutting practices, hold prospect for reducing the incidence and severity of beetle-caused losses.

Sex-Ratio Estimation, Sequential Sampling, And The Programmable Packet Calculator, Paul C. Johnson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.