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Articles 1 - 30 of 115
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Monitoring Fine-Scale Forest Health Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas) Multispectral Models, Benjamin T. Fraser, Russell G. Congalton
Monitoring Fine-Scale Forest Health Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas) Multispectral Models, Benjamin T. Fraser, Russell G. Congalton
Faculty Publications
Forest disturbances—driven by pests, pathogens, and discrete events—have led to billions of dollars in lost ecosystem services and management costs. To understand the patterns and severity of these stressors across complex landscapes, there must be an increase in reliable data at scales compatible with management actions. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS or UAV) offer a capable platform for collecting local scale (e.g., individual tree) forestry data. In this study, we evaluate the capability of UAS multispectral imagery and freely available National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for differentiating coniferous healthy, coniferous stressed, deciduous healthy, deciduous stressed, and degraded individual trees throughout …
Payment For Ecosystem Services: Rewarding The Landowner Who Conserves The Public Good, Steven H. Bullard, Sarah Fuller
Payment For Ecosystem Services: Rewarding The Landowner Who Conserves The Public Good, Steven H. Bullard, Sarah Fuller
Faculty Publications
It has been said that money doesn’t grow on trees, but any forest landowner or manager will tell you that’s not exactly true— especially when observing a harvesting operation or managing dues from your hunting lease. While timber production and recreation are the most frequently monetized services provided by forests, what about the other goods and services they provide on a continuing basis? Are you or other forest landowners in your area being monetarily rewarded for soil stability, flood control, water filtration, air quality, and the other critical services—known as ecosystem services—provided by forests?
An Integrated Method For Coding Trees, Measuring Tree Diameter, And Estimating Tree Positions, Linhao Sun, Luming Fang, Yuhi Weng, Siqing Zheng
An Integrated Method For Coding Trees, Measuring Tree Diameter, And Estimating Tree Positions, Linhao Sun, Luming Fang, Yuhi Weng, Siqing Zheng
Faculty Publications
Accurately measuring tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and estimating tree positions in a sample plot are important in tree mensuration. The main aims of this paper include (1) developing a new, integrated device that can identify trees using the quick response (QR) code technique to record tree identifications, measure DBH, and estimate tree positions concurrently; (2) designing an innovative algorithm to measure DBH using only two angle sensors, which is simple and can reduce the impact of eccentric stems on DBH measures; and (3) designing an algorithm to estimate the position of the tree by combining ultra-wide band (UWB) …
Modeling Early Responses Of Loblolly Pine Growth To Thinning In The Western Gulf Coastal Plain Region, Yuhi Weng, J. Grogan, Dean W. Coble
Modeling Early Responses Of Loblolly Pine Growth To Thinning In The Western Gulf Coastal Plain Region, Yuhi Weng, J. Grogan, Dean W. Coble
Faculty Publications
Growth response to thinning has long been a research topic of interest in forest science. This study presents the first 3–4 years of response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth to thinning at different intensities. Data were collected from the East Texas Pine Research Project’s region-wide loblolly pine thinning study, which covers a wide variety of stand conditions. Four treatments, light, moderate, and heavy thinning, respectively having 370, 555, and 740 residual trees per hectare after thinning, and an unthinned control, were included. Individual tree diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height were recorded annually for the …
Internet Of Things For Sustainable Forestry, Abdul Salam
Internet Of Things For Sustainable Forestry, Abdul Salam
Faculty Publications
Forests and grasslands play an important role in water and air purification, prevention of the soil erosion, and in provision of habitat to wildlife. Internet of Things has a tremendous potential to play a vital role in the forest ecosystem management and stability. The conservation of species and habitats, timber production, prevention of forest soil degradation, forest fire prediction, mitigation, and control can be attained through forest management using Internet of Things. The use and adoption of IoT in forest ecosystem management is challenging due to many factors. Vast geographical areas and limited resources in terms of budget and equipment …
Temporal Changes In Fruit Production Between Recurrent Prescribed Burns In Pine Woodlands Of The Ouachita Mountains, Tamara B. Wood, Christopher E. Comer, Roger W. Perry, Brian P. Oswald
Temporal Changes In Fruit Production Between Recurrent Prescribed Burns In Pine Woodlands Of The Ouachita Mountains, Tamara B. Wood, Christopher E. Comer, Roger W. Perry, Brian P. Oswald
Faculty Publications
The use of prescribed fire is integral to the restoration of open woodlands and savannas, including shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas. Fire offers many potential benefits to numerous wildlife; however, short-term implications for understory fruit production are not fully understood, especially in stands subjected to frequent, recurrent burns. We examined the effects of dormant season prescribed burns on woody fruit production (kg ha−1) and fruit producing vegetative cover in the understory of restored pine woodlands. We inventoried 32 stands during four temporal periods after dormant season prescribed fires: 1, 2, …
Individual Tree And Stand-Level Carbon And Nutrient Contents Across One Rotation Of Loblolly Pine Plantations On A Reclaimed Surface Mine, Hannah Z. Angel, Jeremy S. Priest, Jeremy P. Stovall, Brian P. Oswald, Hans M. Williams
Individual Tree And Stand-Level Carbon And Nutrient Contents Across One Rotation Of Loblolly Pine Plantations On A Reclaimed Surface Mine, Hannah Z. Angel, Jeremy S. Priest, Jeremy P. Stovall, Brian P. Oswald, Hans M. Williams
Faculty Publications
While reclaimed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in east Texas, USA have demonstrated similar aboveground productivity levels relative to unmined forests, there is interest in assessing carbon (C) and nutrients in aboveground components of reclaimed trees. Numerous studies have previously documented aboveground biomass, C, and nutrient contents in loblolly pine plantations; however, similar data have not been collected on mined lands. We investigated C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg aboveground contents for first-rotation loblolly pine growing on reclaimed mined lands in the Gulf Coastal Plain over a 32-year chronosequence and correlated elemental rates to stand age, stem …
Resin Flow In Loblolly And Shortleaf Pines Used By Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, David L. Kulhavy, W G. Ross, J H. Sun, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Richard N. Conner
Resin Flow In Loblolly And Shortleaf Pines Used By Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers, David L. Kulhavy, W G. Ross, J H. Sun, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Richard N. Conner
Faculty Publications
We measured resin flow in loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pines in stands used by red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis (Vieillot), in the Angelina and Davy Crockett National Forests in eastern Texas. We also measured resin flow in a mature loblolly pine stand not used by the woodpeckers. Resin flow varied by study area, species, and stand position. In woodpecker stands, pines experiencing low levels of competition seemed better able to tolerate the continual resin drainage associated with red-cockaded woodpecker resin well pecking. In the Angelina National Forest, all new cavity trees excavated during the study were …
A New Site Index Model For Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) Plantations In The West Gulf Coastal Plain, Kynda R. Trim, Dean W. Coble, Yuhi Weng, Jeremy P. Stovall, I-Kuai Hung
A New Site Index Model For Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) Plantations In The West Gulf Coastal Plain, Kynda R. Trim, Dean W. Coble, Yuhi Weng, Jeremy P. Stovall, I-Kuai Hung
Faculty Publications
Site index (SI) estimation for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations is important for the successful management of this important commercial tree species in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. This study evaluated various SI models for intensively managed loblolly plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain using data collected from permanent plots installed in intensively managed loblolly pine plantations across east Texas and western Louisiana. Six commonly used SI models (Cieszewski GADA model, both Chapman-Richards ADA and GADA models, both Schumacher ADA and GADA models, and McDill-Amateis GADA model) were fit to the data and compared. …
Site Factors Influence On Herbaceous Understory Diversity In East Texas Pinus Palustris Savannas, Brooke Mccalip, Brian Oswald, Kathryn R. Kidd, Yuhi Weng, Kenneth Farrish Phd
Site Factors Influence On Herbaceous Understory Diversity In East Texas Pinus Palustris Savannas, Brooke Mccalip, Brian Oswald, Kathryn R. Kidd, Yuhi Weng, Kenneth Farrish Phd
Faculty Publications
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas were once dominant across the southeastern U.S., including East Texas and parts of western and central Louisiana. The diverse understory associated with these historical savannas may occasionally be seen today, but not often in longleaf pine ecosystems. This project aimed to define east Texas site characteristics that are necessary to support these ecosystems with a dense and diverse herbaceous understory with little to no midstory cover. Fifty-nine plots across three study sites were established to evaluate the influence of overstory cover, basal area, aspect, elevation, and slope on the number of plant genera present. Forest …
Radial Growth Responses Of Upland Oaks Following Recurrent Restoration Treatments In Northern Mississippi, Kathryn R. Kidd, J. Morgan Varner, J. Stephen Brewer
Radial Growth Responses Of Upland Oaks Following Recurrent Restoration Treatments In Northern Mississippi, Kathryn R. Kidd, J. Morgan Varner, J. Stephen Brewer
Faculty Publications
Fire exclusion over the past century has substantially altered composition, structure, and fuel dynamics in upland oak-hickory (Quercus-Carya) forests in the Southeastern United States. Numerous restoration efforts have been made to re-establish historical disturbance regimes into these altered forests. However, our understanding of the implications of restorative disturbances on stand dynamics has primarily been limited to shifts in species composition and post-disturbance regeneration. Therefore, we examined annual radial growth responses of dominant upland oaks following a combination of prescribed fires (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014) and thinning (starting in 2004) treatments (thin+burn) in stands which had previously been …
Assessing The Vegetative Diversity Of An East Texas Golf Course Using Principles Of Landscape Ecology, Brian P. Oswald, Penny G. Lanham, Hans M. Williams, David Kulhavy
Assessing The Vegetative Diversity Of An East Texas Golf Course Using Principles Of Landscape Ecology, Brian P. Oswald, Penny G. Lanham, Hans M. Williams, David Kulhavy
Faculty Publications
The objectives of this study was to determine the vegetative diversity and the effects of the edge between fairways (introduced patches) and out-of-bounds areas (remnant patches) to determine if such management activities influence plant diversity. This study was conducted at the Pineywoods Country Club in the Pineywoods Region of East Texas near Nacogdoches, TX, USA by assessing the spatial distribution of these matrices and patches and their influence on edge effect composition and structure in the matrix; and, if species diversity and composition differed between these edges and interior of the matrices. Nested plots were placed along transects and canopy …
Reconstruction Of Piñon-Juniper Forest Structure To Examine Historic Wildlife Habitat Characteristics In The Davis Mountains, Usa, Brian P. Oswald, John R. Lanham, James C. Kroll, Mohammed M. Bataineh, Yanli Zhang
Reconstruction Of Piñon-Juniper Forest Structure To Examine Historic Wildlife Habitat Characteristics In The Davis Mountains, Usa, Brian P. Oswald, John R. Lanham, James C. Kroll, Mohammed M. Bataineh, Yanli Zhang
Faculty Publications
Changes in piñon-juniper (Pinus spp., Juniperus spp.) communities across the southwestern United States have often decreased ecological diversity of the understory and increases of exotic species. Reconstructing age and establishment patterns provides essential understanding to guide treatments and management for anthropogenically-altered forests. The goal of this study was to determine how patterns of piñon and juniper growth in the Davis Mountains, Texas, varied over time and how this pattern influenced wildlife habitat of several indicator species. Establishment patterns and basal area growth progression were identified, canopy cover estimates regressed from pre-developed canopy regression equations to re-construct historic forest stand …
Mechanisms Of Chinese Tallow (Triadica Sebifera) Invasion And Their Management Implications – A Review, Lauren S. Pile, G. Geoff Wang, Jeremy P. Stovall, Evan Siemann, Gregory S. Wheeler, Christopher A. Gabler
Mechanisms Of Chinese Tallow (Triadica Sebifera) Invasion And Their Management Implications – A Review, Lauren S. Pile, G. Geoff Wang, Jeremy P. Stovall, Evan Siemann, Gregory S. Wheeler, Christopher A. Gabler
Faculty Publications
Ecosystems are under increasing stress from environmental change, including invasion by non-native species that can disrupt ecological processes and functions. Chinese tallow [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small] is a highly invasive tree species in southeastern US forests, prairies, and wetlands, and effectively managing this invasive species is a significant challenge for scientists and land managers. In this review, we synthesize the literature on invasion ecology and management of Chinese tallow. Our review suggests that the invaded range of Chinese tallow is currently limited by dispersal in many areas and by low temperatures and low soil moisture, and by high soil …
Site Index Prediction For Willow And Cherrybark Oaks In East Texas Bottomland Forests, B. P. Oswald, Y. Weng, G. D. Kronrad
Site Index Prediction For Willow And Cherrybark Oaks In East Texas Bottomland Forests, B. P. Oswald, Y. Weng, G. D. Kronrad
Faculty Publications
Estimating site quality for a specific tree species is an important tool in forest management. While intensively managed pine species are often the focus of site quality studies using site index, hardwood species found in bottomland hardwood sites are often lacking in quality growth prediction equations. Two valuable hardwood species, willow oak (Quercus phellos) and cherrybark oak (Q. pagoda), are of interest for forest managers of east Texas bottomland sites. The objective of this study was to develop site index prediction equations and curves for these two species. Using height and age data from 267 cherrybark oaks and 460 willow …
Responses To Prescribed Fire At Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, Usa, B. P. Oswald, D. M. Boensch, H. M. Williams, I-Kuai Hung
Responses To Prescribed Fire At Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, Usa, B. P. Oswald, D. M. Boensch, H. M. Williams, I-Kuai Hung
Faculty Publications
US Federal land managers have utilized hand ignited prescribed fire at Big Thicket National Preserve in efforts to restore the structure and diversity of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest. A fire ecology study was initiated by Rice University in the early 1990’s and the National Park Service has continued monitoring the plots. Ordination was applied to species abundance data to examine changes in vegetation communities from a variety of prescribed fire treatments and controls. The vegetation data was separated by size class to include overstory, small tree, large sapling and seedling data. Across the size classes and treatments, the …
Quality And Yield Of Seven Forages Grown Under Partial Shading Of A Simulated Silvopastoral System In East Texas, J. Hill, K. Farrish, B. Oswald, L. Young, A. Shadow
Quality And Yield Of Seven Forages Grown Under Partial Shading Of A Simulated Silvopastoral System In East Texas, J. Hill, K. Farrish, B. Oswald, L. Young, A. Shadow
Faculty Publications
The goal of this project is to evaluate the growth and nutritional characteristics of seven forages, including various warm season native grasses, grown under simulated partial shading (50 percent typical of a loblolly pine silvopastoral system in east Texas. The results are from year two of a three year study. In order to meet the overall objective, individual, slatted shade structures were constructed that simulate the quantity, quality, and overall light regime found beneath loblolly pine stands arranged for silvopasture. The forages selected for the study include ‘Tifton 9’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), ‘Alamo’ switchgrass (Panicum …
Quantifying Land Cover Change Due To Petroleum Exploration And Production In The Haynesville Shale Region Using Remote Sensing, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Kenneth W. Farrish, Darinda Dans
Quantifying Land Cover Change Due To Petroleum Exploration And Production In The Haynesville Shale Region Using Remote Sensing, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Kenneth W. Farrish, Darinda Dans
Faculty Publications
The Haynesville Shale lies under areas of Louisiana and Texas and is one of the largest gas plays in the U.S. Encompassing approximately 2.9 million ha, this area has been subject to intensive exploration for oil and gas, while over 90% of it has traditionally been used for forestry and agriculture. In order to detect the landscape change in the past few decades, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery for six years (1984, 1989, 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2011) was acquired. Unsupervised classifications were performed to classify each image into four cover types: agriculture, forest, well pad, and other. Change detection …
If It Pays, It Stays - Rewarding Private Forest Landowners, Steven H. Bullard
If It Pays, It Stays - Rewarding Private Forest Landowners, Steven H. Bullard
Faculty Publications
Article discusses monetizing the "ecosystem services" provided by private landowner forests. It discusses the potential of "workable vehicles" for rewarding landowners of private forest landowners for the many benefits their forests provide.
Integrating Hands-On Undergraduate Research In An Applied Spatial Science Senior Level Capstone Course, David Kulhavy, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, David Douglass
Integrating Hands-On Undergraduate Research In An Applied Spatial Science Senior Level Capstone Course, David Kulhavy, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, David Douglass
Faculty Publications
A senior within a spatial science Ecological Planning capstone course designed an undergraduate research project to increase his spatial science expertise and to assess the hands-on instruction methodology employed within the Bachelor of Science in Spatial Science program at Stephen F Austin State University. The height of 30 building features estimated remotely with LiDAR data, within the Pictometry remotely sensed web-based interface, and in situ with a laser rangefinder were compared to actual building feature height measurements. A comparison of estimated height with actual height indicated that all three estimation techniques tested were unbiased estimators of height. An ANOVA, conducted …
Urban Tree Height Assessment Using Pictometry Hyperspatial 4-Inch Multispectral Imagery, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, Jeffrey M. Williams, David Creech, I-Kuai Hung
Urban Tree Height Assessment Using Pictometry Hyperspatial 4-Inch Multispectral Imagery, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, Jeffrey M. Williams, David Creech, I-Kuai Hung
Faculty Publications
Tree height is a critical variable of forest inventory assessments, and estimating the height of trees has been a component of forest inventory assessments for decades. The actual tree height of 60 open-grown baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) trees measured with a telescopic height pole were compared to Pictometry hyperspatial 4-in. multispectral imagery estimated tree height on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Linear correlation coefficients (r) between actual tree height and Pictometry-estimated tree height for all 60 trees and the shortest 30 and tallest 30 trees were [1]0.997 for all r values. Pictometry estimated tree …
Waas, Glonass, And Gps Accuracy, Yanli Zhang, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, David Kulhavy
Waas, Glonass, And Gps Accuracy, Yanli Zhang, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, David Kulhavy
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Gps Effectiveness For Natural Resource Professionals: Integrating Undergraduate Students In The Decision-Making Process, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang, David Kulhavy
Evaluating Gps Effectiveness For Natural Resource Professionals: Integrating Undergraduate Students In The Decision-Making Process, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang, David Kulhavy
Faculty Publications
Undergraduate students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF) degree at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) attend an intensive 6-week residential hands-on instruction in applied field methods. For students pursuing the BSF degree knowing the exact location of a forestland is crucial to the understanding and proper management of any related natural resource. The intensive 6-week instruction includes teaching how to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to accurately record the spatial location of an earth’s surface feature. After receiving hands-on instructions during the summer of 2014, students were taken to the field to collect real-world locations. Students …
A Test Of The Mean Distance Method For Forest Regeneration Assessment, Daniel Unger, Jeremy P. Stovall, Brian P. Oswald, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung
A Test Of The Mean Distance Method For Forest Regeneration Assessment, Daniel Unger, Jeremy P. Stovall, Brian P. Oswald, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung
Faculty Publications
A new distance-based estimator for forest regeneration assessment, the mean distance method, was developed by combining ideas and techniques from the wandering quarter method, T-square sampling and the random pairs method. The performance of the mean distance method was compared to conventional 4.05 square meter plot sampling through simulation analysis on 405 square meter blocks of a field surveyed clumped distribution and a computer generated random distribution at different levels of density of 100, 50 and 25%. The mean distance method accurately estimated density on the random populations but the mean distance method estimates were more variable than those of …
Quantifying Natural Resources Using Field-Based Instruction And Hands-On Applications, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang
Quantifying Natural Resources Using Field-Based Instruction And Hands-On Applications, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, I-Kuai Hung, Yanli Zhang
Faculty Publications
Undergraduate students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF) degree at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) attend an intensive 6-week residential hands-on instruction in applied field methods. For students pursuing the BSF degree knowing the exact location, length, or area of a forestland is crucial to the understanding and proper management of any related natural resource. The intensive 6-week instruction includes teaching how to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to accurately record the true spatial location of an earth’s surface feature. After receiving hands-on instructions during the summer of 2013, students were taken to the field to …
Using Google Earth For Forest Management, Yanli Zhang, Jeremy P. Stovall
Using Google Earth For Forest Management, Yanli Zhang, Jeremy P. Stovall
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Measuring Tree Height Using Pictometry Hyperspatial Imagery, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, Matthew A. Wade, I-Kuai Hung
Measuring Tree Height Using Pictometry Hyperspatial Imagery, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy, Matthew A. Wade, I-Kuai Hung
Faculty Publications
Trees within Nacogdoches, Texas were measured for height using Pictometry hyperspatial imagery at 4 inch spatial resolution. Trees measured included baldcypress located on LaNana Creek as part of a hybrid analysis study. Baldcypress, Taxodiumdistichum, was planted along La Nana Creek, Nacogdoches, Texas, for erosion control and as a test bank for growth of the species genotypes. Each tree was located with GPS and entered into the GIS data base in the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University. Actual tree height, measured using a height pole in 0.1 inch increments, was compared to …
Instream Woody Debris And Riparian Forest Characteristics In The Sabine River, Texas, Matthew W. Mcbroom, Michael Ringer, Yanli Zhang
Instream Woody Debris And Riparian Forest Characteristics In The Sabine River, Texas, Matthew W. Mcbroom, Michael Ringer, Yanli Zhang
Faculty Publications
We examined instream large woody debris (LWD) dynamics on the Sabine River, TX. All wood >10 cm in diameter and >2 m long was measured on four river meanders (meander wavelengths) below the dam on Toledo Bend Reservoir. We determined LWD species, degree of decay, bank orientation, jam association, and stage contact. We also measured riparian vegetation characteristics on each meander. LWD volumes were significantly greater at the site immediately below Toledo Bend Dam, due to the relatively steeper channel gradient and higher rates of channel erosion. Based on mass balance estimates, between 11 and 21% of total annual recruitment …
Using Landscape-Scale Habitat Suitability Modeling To Identify Recovery Areas For The Louisiana Black Bear (Ursus Americanus Luteolus) In East Texas, Dan J. Kaminski, Christopher E. Comer
Using Landscape-Scale Habitat Suitability Modeling To Identify Recovery Areas For The Louisiana Black Bear (Ursus Americanus Luteolus) In East Texas, Dan J. Kaminski, Christopher E. Comer
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Runoff Of Silvicultural Herbicides Applied Using Best Management Practices, Matthew W. Mcbroom, Jeff Louch, R Scott Beasley, Mingteh Chang, George G. Ice
Runoff Of Silvicultural Herbicides Applied Using Best Management Practices, Matthew W. Mcbroom, Jeff Louch, R Scott Beasley, Mingteh Chang, George G. Ice
Faculty Publications
Nine small (2.2 to 2.9 ha) and four large (70 to 135 ha) watersheds in East Texas, USA, were instrumented to compare herbicide runoff under different silvicultural systems with best management practices (BMPs). Two treatments were evaluated: conventional, with clearcutting, aerial herbicide site preparation, and hand-applied banded herbaceous release; and intensive, in which subsoiling, aerial fertilization, and a second-year aerial herbicide application were added. Herbicides were applied as operational tank mixes. The highest imazapyr concentration found in stream water was 39 mg L‑1 during the first storm after application (23 days after treatment, DAT) and in-stream concentrations …