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Articles 241 - 257 of 257
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Pseudomonas Syringae Hrp Type Iii Secretion System And Effector Proteins, Alan Collmer, Jorge L. Badel, Amy O. Charkowski, Wen-Ling Deng, Derrick E. Fouts, Adela R. Ramos, Amos H. Rehm, Deborah M. Anderson, Olaf Schneewind, Karin V. Van Dijk, James R. Alfano
Pseudomonas Syringae Hrp Type Iii Secretion System And Effector Proteins, Alan Collmer, Jorge L. Badel, Amy O. Charkowski, Wen-Ling Deng, Derrick E. Fouts, Adela R. Ramos, Amos H. Rehm, Deborah M. Anderson, Olaf Schneewind, Karin V. Van Dijk, James R. Alfano
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Pseudomonas syringae is a member of an important group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals that depend on a type III secretion system to inject virulence effector proteins into host cells. In P. syringae, hrpyhrc genes encode the Hrp (type III secretion) system, and avirulence (avr) and Hrpdependent outer protein (hop) genes encode effector proteins. The hrpyhrc genes of P. syringae pv syringae 61, P. syringae pv syringae B728a, and P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 are flanked by an exchangeable effector locus and …
The Pseudomonas Syringae Hrp Pathogenicity Island Has A Tripartite Mosaic Structure Composed Of A Cluster Of Type Iii Secretion Genes Bounded By Exchangeable Effector And Conserved Effector Loci That Contribute To Parasitic Fitness And Pathogenicity In Plants, James R. Alfano, Amy O. Charkowski, Wen-Ling Deng, Jorge L. Badel, Tanja Petnicki- Ocwieja, Karin Van Dijk, Alan Collmer
The Pseudomonas Syringae Hrp Pathogenicity Island Has A Tripartite Mosaic Structure Composed Of A Cluster Of Type Iii Secretion Genes Bounded By Exchangeable Effector And Conserved Effector Loci That Contribute To Parasitic Fitness And Pathogenicity In Plants, James R. Alfano, Amy O. Charkowski, Wen-Ling Deng, Jorge L. Badel, Tanja Petnicki- Ocwieja, Karin Van Dijk, Alan Collmer
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is divided into pathovars differing in host specificity, with P. syringae pv. syringae (Psy) and P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) representing particularly divergent pathovars. P. syringae hrp/hrc genes encode a type III protein secretion system that appears to translocate Avr and Hop effector proteins into plant cells. DNA sequence analysis of the hrp/hrc regions in Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000 has revealed a Hrp pathogenicity island (Pai) with a tripartite mosaic structure. The hrp/hrc gene cluster is conserved in all three strains and is flanked by a unique exchangeable …
The Avr (Effector) Proteins Hrma (Hoppsya) And Avrpto Are Secreted In Culture From Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars Via The Hrp (Type Iii) Protein Secretion System In A Temperature- And Ph-Sensitive Manner, Karin V. Van Dijk, Derrick E. Fouts, Amos H. Rehm, Angela R. Hill, Alan Collmer, James R. Alfano
The Avr (Effector) Proteins Hrma (Hoppsya) And Avrpto Are Secreted In Culture From Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars Via The Hrp (Type Iii) Protein Secretion System In A Temperature- And Ph-Sensitive Manner, Karin V. Van Dijk, Derrick E. Fouts, Amos H. Rehm, Angela R. Hill, Alan Collmer, James R. Alfano
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
We present here data showing that the Avr proteins HrmA and AvrPto are secreted in culture via the native Hrp pathways from Pseudomonas syringae pathovars that produce these proteins. Moreover, their secretion is strongly affected by the temperature and pH of the culture medium. Both HrmA and AvrPto were secreted at their highest amounts when the temperature was between 18 and 22°C and when the culture medium was pH 6.0. In contrast, temperature did not affect the secretion of HrpZ. pH did affect HrpZ secretion, but not as strongly as it affected the secretion of HrmA. This finding suggests that …
Rhodospirillum Rubrum Poly-Β-Hydroxyalkanoate Synthase, Thomas E. Clemente, Ganish M. Kishore, Timothy A. Mitsky, David M. Stark
Rhodospirillum Rubrum Poly-Β-Hydroxyalkanoate Synthase, Thomas E. Clemente, Ganish M. Kishore, Timothy A. Mitsky, David M. Stark
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Isolated DNA fragments encoding a Rhodospirillum rubrum (ATCC 25903) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase, or biologically functional equivalents thereof, are provided. Also provided is the deduced amino acid sequence of the R. rubrum PHA synthase. These molecules are useful in the production of PHAs in bacteria and plants.
The Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Hrpw Protein Has Domains Similar To Harpins And Pectate Lyases And Can Elicit The Plant Hypersensitive Response And Bind To Pectate, Amy O. Charkowski, James R. Alfano, Gail Preston, Jing Yuan, Sheng Yang He, Alan Collmer
The Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Hrpw Protein Has Domains Similar To Harpins And Pectate Lyases And Can Elicit The Plant Hypersensitive Response And Bind To Pectate, Amy O. Charkowski, James R. Alfano, Gail Preston, Jing Yuan, Sheng Yang He, Alan Collmer
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the P. syringae genome. hrpW was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. hrpW encodes a 42.9-kDa protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (Pels), respectively. HrpW has key properties of harpins. It is heat stable and glycine rich, lacks cysteine, is secreted by the Hrp system, and is able to elicit …
Cdna Encoding A Reca Homolog In Eukaryotes, Andre Jagendorf, Heriberto D. Cerutti
Cdna Encoding A Reca Homolog In Eukaryotes, Andre Jagendorf, Heriberto D. Cerutti
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
A nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis thulium RecA protein is disclosed.
Epigenetic Silencing Of A Foreign Gene In Nuclear Transformants Of Chlamydomonas, Heriberto D. Cerutti, Anita M. Johnson, Nicholas W. Gillham, John E. Boynton
Epigenetic Silencing Of A Foreign Gene In Nuclear Transformants Of Chlamydomonas, Heriberto D. Cerutti, Anita M. Johnson, Nicholas W. Gillham, John E. Boynton
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The unstable expression of introduced genes poses a serious problem for the application of transgenic technology in plants. In transformants of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, expression of a eubacterial aadA gene, conferring spectinomycin resistance, is transcriptionally suppressed by a reversible epigenetic mechanism(s). Variations in the size and frequency of colonies surviving on different concentrations of spectinomycin as well as the levels of transcriptional activity of the introduced transgene(s) suggest the existence of intermediate expression states in genetically identical cells. Gene silencing does not correlate with methylation of the integrated DNA and does not involve large alterations in its …
A Eubacterial Gene Conferring Spectinomycin Resistance On Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Integration Into The Nuclear Genome And Gene Expression, Heriberto D. Cerutti, A. M. Johnson, N. W. Gillham, J. E. Boynton
A Eubacterial Gene Conferring Spectinomycin Resistance On Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Integration Into The Nuclear Genome And Gene Expression, Heriberto D. Cerutti, A. M. Johnson, N. W. Gillham, J. E. Boynton
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
We have constructed a dominant selectable marker for nuclear transformation of C. reinhardtii, composed of the coding sequence of the eubacterial aadA gene (conferring spectinomycin resistance) fused to the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the endogenous RbcS2 gene. Spectinomycin-resistant transformants isolated by direct selection (1) contain the chimeric gene(s) stably integrated into the nuclear genome, (2) show cosegregation of the resistance phenotype with the introduced DNA, and (3) synthesize the expected mRNA and protein. Small linearized plasmids appeared to be inserted into the nuclear genome preferentially through their ends, with relatively few large deletions and/or rearrangements. Multiple copy transformants …
A Cytoplasmic Male Sterility-Associated Mitochondrial Protein Causes Pollen Disruption In Transgenic Tobacco, Shichuan He, Andre R. Abad, Stanton B. Gelvin, Sally Ann Mackenzie
A Cytoplasmic Male Sterility-Associated Mitochondrial Protein Causes Pollen Disruption In Transgenic Tobacco, Shichuan He, Andre R. Abad, Stanton B. Gelvin, Sally Ann Mackenzie
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
In higher plants, dominant mitochondrial mutations are associated with pollen sterility. This phenomenon is known as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). It is thought that the disruption in pollen development is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. To provide definitive evidence that expression of an abnormal mitochondrial gene can interrupt pollen development, a CMS-associated mitochondrial DNA sequence from common bean, orf239, was introduced into the tobacco nuclear genome. Several transformants containing the orf239M gene constructs, with or without a mitochondrial targeting sequence, exhibited a semisterile or male-sterile phenotype. Expression of the gene fusions in transformed anthers was confirmed using RNA gel …
PhosphoEnolPyruvate Carboxylase: A Ubiquitous, Highly Regulated Enzyme In Plants, Raymond Chollet, Jean Vidal, Marion H. O'Leary
PhosphoEnolPyruvate Carboxylase: A Ubiquitous, Highly Regulated Enzyme In Plants, Raymond Chollet, Jean Vidal, Marion H. O'Leary
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Since plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was last reviewed in the Annual Review of Plant Physiology over a decade ago (O’Leary 1982), significant advances have been made in our knowledge of this oligomeric, cytosolic enzyme. This review highlights this exciting progress in plant PEPC research by focusing on the three major areas of recent investigation: the enzymology of the protein; its posttranslational regulation by reversible protein phosphorylation and opposing metabolite effectors; and the structure, expression, and molecular evolution of the nuclear PEPC genes. It is hoped that the next ten years will be equally enlightening, especially with respect to the three-dimensional …
Inhibition Of Chloroplast Dna Recombination And Repair By Dominant Negative Mutants Of Escherichia Coli Reca, Heriberto D. Cerutti, Anita M. Johnson, John E. Boynton, Nicholas W. Gillham
Inhibition Of Chloroplast Dna Recombination And Repair By Dominant Negative Mutants Of Escherichia Coli Reca, Heriberto D. Cerutti, Anita M. Johnson, John E. Boynton, Nicholas W. Gillham
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Escherichia coli RecA, suggest that the plastid recombination system is related to its eubacterial counterpart. Therefore, we examined whether dominant negative mutants of the E. coli RecA protein can interfere with the activity of their putative homolog in the chloroplast of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transformants expressing these mutant RecA proteins showed reduced survival rates when exposed to DNA-damaging agents, deficient repair of chloroplast DNA, and diminished plastid DNA recombination. These results strongly support the existence of a RecA-mediated recombination system in chloroplasts. We also found that the wild-type E. coli RecA protein enhances the frequency of …
Movement Of Dna Across The Chloroplast Envelope: Implications For The Transfer Of Promiscuous Dna, Heriberto D. Cerutti, André Jagendorf
Movement Of Dna Across The Chloroplast Envelope: Implications For The Transfer Of Promiscuous Dna, Heriberto D. Cerutti, André Jagendorf
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Little is known about the mechanistic basis for the movement of promiscuous nucleic acids across cell membranes. To address this problem we sought conditions that would permit the entry of plasmid DNA into isolated, intact pea chloroplasts. DNA uptake did not occur normally, but was induced by hypotonic treatments, by incubation with millimolar levels of Mg2+, or by heat shock at 42 °C. These results are consistent with DNA movement being permitted by conditions that transiently alter the permeability of the chloroplast envelope. Plant cells are subject to osmotic tensions and/or conditions inducing polymorphic changes in the membranes, …
Recombination Between Defective Tombusvirus Rnas Generates Functional Hybrid Genomes, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Recombination Between Defective Tombusvirus Rnas Generates Functional Hybrid Genomes, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The tombusviruses represent a group of small Icosahedral plant viruses that contain monopartite positive-sense RNA genome. Tombusviruses are able to generate small replicating deletion mutants of their genomes (i.e., defective interfering RNAs) during infections via RNA recombination and/or rearrangment. To further study the process of RNA recombination and to determine whether tombusviruses were capable of tran-recombination, protoplasts were coinoculated with in vitro-generated transcripts of a nonreplicating 3'- truncated genomic RNA of cucumber necrosis tombusvirus and either replicative or replication-defective DI RNAs of tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus. After a 48-hr incubation, two dominant replicative chimeric recombinant viral RNA populations were …
Treatment Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Protoplasts With Dna-Damaging Agents Induces A 39-Kilodalton Chloroplast Protein Immunologically Related To Escherichia Coli Reca, Heriberto D. Cerutti, H. Z. Ibrahim, A. T. Jagendorf
Treatment Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Protoplasts With Dna-Damaging Agents Induces A 39-Kilodalton Chloroplast Protein Immunologically Related To Escherichia Coli Reca, Heriberto D. Cerutti, H. Z. Ibrahim, A. T. Jagendorf
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Organisms must have efficient mechanisms of DNA repair and recombination to prevent alterations in their genetic information due to DNA damage. There is evidence for DNA repair and recombination in plastids of higher plants, although very little is known at the biochemical level. Many chloroplast proteins are of eubacterial ancestry, suggesting that the same could be true for the components of a DNA repair and recombination system. A 39-kD protein, immunologically related to Escherichia coli RecA, is present in chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Bandshift gel assays suggest that it binds single-stranded DNA. Its steady-state level is increased …
Dna Strand-Transfer Activity In Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Chloroplasts, Heriberto D. Cerutti, A. T. Jagendorf
Dna Strand-Transfer Activity In Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Chloroplasts, Heriberto D. Cerutti, A. T. Jagendorf
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The occurrence of DNA recombination in plastids of higher plants is well documented. However, little is known at the enzymic level. To begin dissecting the biochemical mechanism(s) involved we focused on a key step: strand transfer between homologous parental DNAs. We detected a RecA-like strand transfer activity in stromal extracts from pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplasts. Formation of joint molecules requires Mg2+, ATP, and homologous substrates. This activity is inhibited by excess single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), suggesting a necessary stoichiometric relation between enzyme and ssDNA. In a novel assay with Triton X-100-permeabilized chloroplasts, we also detected strand invasion of the …
A Homolog Of Escherichia Coli Reca Protein In Plastids Of Higher Plants, H. Osman, P. Grandoni, Heriberto D. Cerutti, André Jagendorf
A Homolog Of Escherichia Coli Reca Protein In Plastids Of Higher Plants, H. Osman, P. Grandoni, Heriberto D. Cerutti, André Jagendorf
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Studies of chloroplast DNA variations, and several direct experimental observations, indicate the existence of recombination ability in algal and higher plant plastids. However, no studies have been done of the biochemical pathways involved. Using a part of a cyanobacterial recA gene as a probe in Southern blots, we have found homologous sequences in total DNA from Pisum sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana and in a cDNA library from Arabidopsis. A cDNA was cloned and sequenced, and its predicted amino acid sequence is 60.7% identical to that of the cyanobacterial RecA protein. This finding is consistent with our other results showing …
Mitochondrial Dna Rearrangement Associated With Fertility Restoration And Cytoplasmic Reversion To Fertility In Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Phaseolus Vulgaris L., Sally Ann Mackenzie, D. R. Pring, M. J. Bassett, C. D. Chase
Mitochondrial Dna Rearrangement Associated With Fertility Restoration And Cytoplasmic Reversion To Fertility In Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Phaseolus Vulgaris L., Sally Ann Mackenzie, D. R. Pring, M. J. Bassett, C. D. Chase
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Restoration of pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Phaseolus vulgaris by a nuclear restorer gene provides a system for studying nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Introduction of a nuclear restorer gene to this CMS line of P. vulgaris (CMS-Sprite) results in a mitochondrial genome rearrangement similar to that observed upon spontaneous cytoplasmic reversion to fertility. Three spontaneous heritable cytoplasmic revertants were derived from CMS-Sprite. Five fully fertile restored lines were also produced by using restorer line R-351 (BC3F3 populations). Comparison of the mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns of CMS-Sprite, the three fertile revertants, and the five restored lines revealed loss …