Life Sciences Commons^™

An Introduction To The Ethology Of The Uinta Ground Squirrel (Citellus Armatus), David F. Balph

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study describes behavior of the Uinta ground squirrel (Citellus armatus) in a free-living population. Its objective is to provide basic behavioral information on a small mammal which can fill in part of the gaps in our knowledge of behavior and social organization of the vertebrates. This would contribute to the long-term goal of viewing the progressive evolutionary changes in behavior from lower forms to man.

Studies On Venison Quality: Flavor Studies; Effect Of Methods Of Thawing, Kind And Level Of Fat, And Degree Of Doneness, Grace J. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Venison represents an important resource in this area. The average number of deer killed in Utah during hunting season of the ten-year period, 1940 to 1950, was over 50,000 animals annually according to the Utah State Fish and Game Department. For the period from 1950 to 1960 this figure has increased to over 100,000 animals. In terms of dressed weight, 100,000 animals would yield an estimated 8,000,000 pounds of meat. Neighboring states also produce large numbers of deer. This pictures venison not only as an important resource but as one rapidly increasing in importance.

Before the recent advent of locker …

Time Interval Required To Measure Effects Of Herbicides On Canada-Thistle And Field Bindweed, Charles Ralph Whipple

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Canada-thistle and field bindweed are two troublesome weeds in Utah. Jensen, in cooperation with county weed committees, conducted a weed survey in the state. Seriousness of weeds was listed by counties. Field bindweed was considered to be either a serious or very serious weed in every county except one, and Canada-thistle was classified in these two categories in over one-half of the counties.

The Possible Competitive Position Of Utah Milk Concentrate On Selected Western Markets, Richard S. Magleby

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the last two decades, Utah's market milk industry has changed from one of local processing and distribution by small-scale plants to one of state-wide distribution by large-scale dairies. At present, four large producer cooperatives control most of the state's market milk and six large processing plants accounts for more than 80 percent of the state's fluid milk sales.

Along with centralized processing and distribution has also come some centralization of production. Statistics recently published by Utah State University show that in 1957, 56 percent of the market milk produced in the state came from the five counties of Cache, …

Use Of Gamma Radiation, Chemicals, And Packaging Films To Control Post Harvest Diseases And To Extend Refrigerated Life Of Strawberries And Cherries, Gerald M. Cooper

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In recent years there has been a considerable amount of work done on developing chemicals that would inhibit mold growth when applied to fresh fruit, and at the same time, be acceptable to man when taken orally. This would save many thousands of tons of fresh produce that are lost each year by spoilage before it ever reaches the consumer. Along with the development of new chemicals to inhibit mold growth there is a substantial amount of research being done on developing a packaging film that will prevent recontamination of the produce, at the same time allowing the passage of …

The Effects Of Certain Environmental And Biological Factors On Rally Calling In The Chukar Partridge, H. Warrington Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Naturalists for many years have known that birds sing most at dawn and at dusk, but to which of many physical variables they are responding has not been completely determined. This problem has taken on importance in the field of wildlife management because calling rate has been used as an index of abundance for numerous game birds, namely the Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (Kimball, 1949); the Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura (McClure, 1939); the Bobwhite Quail, Colinus virginianus (Bennitt, 1951; Rosene, 1957): and the Woodcock, Philohela minor (Pitelka, 1943).

The Hydrogen Peroxide Catalase Treatment Of Milk For Swiss Cheese Manufacture, Theodore Ricks Kowallis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Various temperatures and concentrations of the hydrogen peroxide catalase treatment of milk were studied in an attempt to discover the optimum temperature and concentration that would destroy unfavorable organisms and yet allow favorable ones to grow. The Federal Food and Drug Administration in their November, 1959, Definitions and Standards of Cheeses and Cheese Products states that "the amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution used shall be such that the weight of the hydrogen peroxide added thereby does not exceed 0.05 percent of the weight of the milk treated." Within the maximum level allowed, it was found that in day old …

Studies On Acceptability And Refrigerated-Life Of Certain Gamma-Irradiated Fresh Strawberries And Cherries, Norma Ward Pierson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From the beginning of time, the history of man has been his struggle to obtain food. After many thousands of years, this is still a major problem which confronts the peoples of the earth. Although much food is available on earth, a great deal never benefits mankind because of deterioration and spoilage. Various kinds of spoilage cause a million tons of grain to be wasted each year. Man has learned to control and overcome some of these destructive forced through a variety of methods of food preservation. Some forms of preservation such as drying, salting, and so forth, probably have …

Observations Of Pituitary Hormone Injections And Ripening Of Fish, D. K. Kaushik

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A dependable source of quality fish spawn is a fundamental prerequisite for fish culture development. This is especially important inasmuch as most of the cultivable species do not breed in confined waters. Also, sport fisheries are gaining greater popularity, and subsequently the fish supply is being taxed. Still another need for fish spawn is in the ever increasing demand for bait minnows. Also, the construction of more and more dams has resulted in insurmountable obstacles for ascending and descending fish, which may ultimately result in complete destruction of some fisheries. Thus some measure of artificial propagation will have to be …

Essential Amino Acid Composition Of A Balanced Chick Diet, Donald Christensen Dobson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The scientific balancing of diets has resulted in a series of studies to determine a standard for amino acid adequacy of a chick ration. These studies have shown that some amino acids are required in a chick diet more than others; they are termed "essential amino acids". Proteins used in formulating rations vary widely in essential amino acid content. Because of this variation, it can no longer be said that a diet with so much protein (N x 6.25) is adequate to meet the chick's need for optimum performance. Many papers have been published showing the results of experiments for …

General And Specific Combining Ability Of Five Alfalfa Clones Including Reciprocal Effects For Seedling Vigor And Seed Yield, Edwin Theodore Bingham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The use of F₁ hybrids for commercial production of such cross-pollinated crops as corn, sorghum, sugar beets, onions, and pearl millet suggests the feasibility of using this technique for alfalfa. Production of F₁ hybrids of commercial value is dependent on the use of breeding material expressing good combining ability. In order to obtain precise estimates of combining ability for quantitative characters in alfalfa, it is necessary to produce all possible single crosses among a number of parents. The single cross seed required is difficult to obtain due to the vegetative reproduction and isolation required; and, subsequently, limited testing …

Economics Of Wool Marketing In Utah, E. Jay Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the beginning of history the wool of sheep has been used by the human race. Its chief use has been and still is for clothing. Also, it is widely used for blankets, upholstery, carpets, and numerous other products.

The wool industry is important to the state of Utah, which was the sixth largest producing state in the United States in 1958. Wool growers in Utah received approximately $7,897,000 in sales proceeds and government payments for wool sold during the 1958 marketing year (12).¹

Economics Of Managing State-Owned Grazing Lands, Lowell Ray Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Range land is an important resource in Utah's economy. Of 52.7 million acres of land in Utah about 78 percent is used for production of range livestock (14).¹ In 1958, cash receipts of range livestock amounted to 62.7 million dollars, or 38.8 percent of Utah's total agricultural cash receipts (19).

Of total land within its boundary, the state owns 2,723,157 acres, or 5.17 percent (32). The state legislature has designated the Utah State Land Board as the responsible agency for administering this land to provide income for various state institutions.

The people of the state of Utah are required …

Economics Of Controlling Tall Larkspur, Lavar M. Richman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The production of livestock in Utah is important to the economy of the state. The economic life of many communities throughout the state depends on income from livestock. Cash receipts from range livestock were $62.7 million or 38.8 percent of the total from agriculture in Utah in 1958 (18).

A Comparison Of The Salt Hardiness Of Barley, Petunia, And Tomato When Grown In Saline And Nonsaline Substrates, James Louis Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The excessive accumulation of salt in the root zone of plants is a problem which is widespread in area, increasing in magnitude, and limiting in its effect upon productivity. Accumulation of salt in the rhizosphere has an effect upon moisture availability for plant use, the nutritional balance of the essential elements, and causes a reduction in plant growth with toxicity often resulting. When plants grow on substrates high in salt, the salt content of the plant also increases. This uptake of salt often results in changes in the morphology of the plant. Accumulation of salt within the plant cells interferes …

Seriousness Of Dodder In Production Of Alfalfa Seed In Millard County, Lloyd Claude Warner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dodder is the common name for the group of plants in the genus Cuscuta. It is a serious weed in nearly all the legume seed producing areas of southern and western United States (5). Dodder is of major economic importance in the production of alfalfa, lespedeza, clover, and of less importance in such crops as flax, onions, sugar beets, and some ornamentals.

In Millard County, which is the most important alfalfa seed producing area in Utah, growers consider dodder one of their worst threats to alfalfa seed production.

A major factor that contributes to the dodder problem in Millard …

Alfalfa Resistance To The Clover Seed Chalcid Bruchophagus Gibbus (Boheman), Gerald Douglas Minion

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The destructive nature of the clover seed chalcid has been known since the latter part of the 19th century. This jet-black Hymenoptera, often called the "chalcis-fly," destroys from 10 to 20 percent of the alfalfa seed in Utah each year. Damage as high as 85 percent has been reported.

Economics Of Farm Flock Sheep Production In Northern Utah, Bruce E. Nielson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout the history of mankind, sheep have played a very important and unique part in the economies of the world. They have been a source of meat, milk, skins and fiber. They have become adapted to nearly every kind of husbandry, from nomadic types to intensively managed flocks on small farms and have thrived under nearly all climatic conditions, ranging from sub-artic regions of Greenland to hot areas of the Mediterranean countries; from desert areas of Africa to wet lowland of England.

Land Tenure Problems In Iran, Jalil Mahmoudi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Land tenure problems throughout the Middle East and most of the underdeveloped countries of the world are considered by competent international organizations and many students of world problems as one of the greatest contributing forces to social unrest and a barrier to economic development.

When the United Nations' General Assembly at its fifth session in 1950, had under discussion the problem of land reform in many underdeveloped countries, the consensus of opinions were that the conditions affecting land reform reduced agricultural productivity and were a major cause of low standards of living for the populations of those countries. The General …

An Inheritance And Linkage Study Of Barley With Special Emphasis On Purple Pigmentation Of The Auricle, Devon Lyle Doney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

New and better adapted varieties of crop plants have resulted from the application of the principles of genetics. Fundamental research in the field of barley genetics has helped the plant breeder in developing better varieties for specific uses and adaptability.

Barley is one of the best cultivated crop plants for making genetic studies. It has a wide range of adaptability, exhibits a host of contrasting genetic characters, is a simple diploid with only seven pairs of chromosomes, and all the cultivated species are inter-fertile.

The mode of inheritance of nearly 200 characters has been studied, many of whose genes have …

The Effect Of Captan, Demeton, And 4(2,4-Db) On Alfalfa Growth And Seed Production, Daniel M. Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The widespread use of chemicals for the control of diseases, insects, and weeds in the production of alfalfa seed has caused concern with regards to what effect these materials may have on the inherent reproductive potential of the plants. It has been reported that captan (N-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) has both a morphological and physiological effect on some plants. The action of this chemical with regards to alfalfa reproduction has not been reported. Demeton (0,0-diethyl 0(and S)-2-(ethylthio) ethylphosphorodithioate) is another chemical used in alfalfa seed production for which the direct effects on reproduction have not been studied. Adverse effects have been reported on …

The Influence Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Supplements On The Composition Of The Ruminal Ingesta Of Sheep Grazing Desert Range Forage, James G. Morris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Approximately 46 million acres or 88 per cent of the land area of the state of Utah has been classified by Reuss and Blanch (1951) as "range land open for grazing." Although some of this area cannot be grazed because of inaccessibility, lack of water, poison plants, and similar factors, it is estimated that some 40 million acres or 78 per cent of the total land area is available for grazing. Most of this grazing land is federally owned (73 per cent), while only 22 per cent is privately held, and 5 per cent is state owned.

An Economic Analysis Of Selected Problems In Processing Sour Cherries, Reed D. Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Red sour cherries have been a dessert item for Americans since long before George Washington chopped down the cherry tree. In the past twenty years production of sour cherries has increased at a faster rate than population. Since 1938 population of the United States has increased approximately 43 million, a 25 percent increase, whereas sour cherry production has increased approximately 78 million pounds, a 38 percent increase. This trend is expected to continue in the future, in fact, according to a Michigan survey the production of sour cherries in relation to the population will increase more in the future.

The Use Of Tetrazolium As A Measure Of The Salt Tolerance Of Alfalfa, Daryl A. Freter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The task of obtaining and selecting plants which may not only survive under salty conditions, but grow and produce satisfactory yields is varied and complex. It is becoming necessary to select and breed crops for salt tolerance. Plants can be grown in artificially constructed salt basins to test their individual salt tolerance, but this takes time, at least one year. It would be desirable to develop a rapid test to determine the salt tolerance of a given plant. The use of a dye in conjunction with a series of salt solutions has been suggested for determining the salt tolerance of …

Studies On The Relationship Of The Redside Shiner (Richardsonius Balteatus) And The Longnose Sucker (Catostomus Catostomus) To The Cutthroat Trout (Salmo Clarki) Popluation In Yellowstone Lake, Kenneth E. Biesinger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biologists have been concerned about the presence of longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) and redside shiners (Richarsonius balteatus)and their effect on the cutthroat trout population in Yellowstone Lake. This investigation was made to determine the distribution and certain interactions of these species with cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake. The effects of the presence of lake chub (Hybopsis plumbea) and longnose dace (Rhinichtys cataractae) are considered to a lesser extent.