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Articles 61 - 90 of 155
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Ahr-Related Activities In A Creosote-Adapted Population Of Adult Atlantic Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Two Decades Post-Epa Superfund Status At The Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, Va Usa, Jv Wojdylo, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Lj Bain, Cd Rice
Ahr-Related Activities In A Creosote-Adapted Population Of Adult Atlantic Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Two Decades Post-Epa Superfund Status At The Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, Va Usa, Jv Wojdylo, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Lj Bain, Cd Rice
VIMS Articles
Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are adapted to creosote-based PAHs at the US EPA Superfund site known as Atlantic Wood (AW) on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River, VA USA. Subsequent to the discovery of the AW population in the early 1990s, these fish were shown to be recalcitrant to CYP1A induction by PAHs under experimental conditions, and even to the time of this study, killifish embryos collected from the AW site are resistant to developmental deformities typically associated with exposure to PAHs in reference fish. Historically, however, 90 +% of the adult killifish at this site have proliferative hepatic …
Marine Phytophthora Species Can Hamper Conservation And Restoration Of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems, Ll Govers, Wam In 'T Veid, Jp Meffert, Tj Bouma, Pcj Van Rijswick, Jht Heusinkveld, R J. Orth, Mm Van Katwijk, T Van Der Heide
Marine Phytophthora Species Can Hamper Conservation And Restoration Of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems, Ll Govers, Wam In 'T Veid, Jp Meffert, Tj Bouma, Pcj Van Rijswick, Jht Heusinkveld, R J. Orth, Mm Van Katwijk, T Van Der Heide
VIMS Articles
Phytophthora species are potent pathogens that can devastate terrestrial plants, causing billions of dollars of damage yearly to agricultural crops and harming fragile ecosystems worldwide. Yet, virtually nothing is known about the distribution and pathogenicity of their marine relatives. This is surprising, as marine plants form vital habitats in coastal zones worldwide (i.e. mangrove forests, salt marshes, seagrass beds), and disease may be an important bottleneck for the conservation and restoration of these rapidly declining ecosystems. We are the first to report on widespread infection of Phytophthora and Halophytophthora species on a common seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass), across the …
Complex Coastal Change In Response To Autogenic Basin Infilling: An Example From A Sub-Tropical Holocene Strandplain, Christopher J. Hein, Dm Fitzgerald, Lhp De Souza, Iy Georgiou, Iv Buynevich, Et Al.
Complex Coastal Change In Response To Autogenic Basin Infilling: An Example From A Sub-Tropical Holocene Strandplain, Christopher J. Hein, Dm Fitzgerald, Lhp De Souza, Iy Georgiou, Iv Buynevich, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Thick bay-fill sequences that often culminate in strandplain development serve as important sedimentary archives of land-ocean interaction, although distinguishing between internal and external forcings is an ongoing challenge. This study employs sediment cores, ground-penetrating radar surveys, radiocarbon dates, palaeogeographic reconstructions and hydrodynamic modelling to explore the role of autogenic processes - notably a reduction in wave energy in response to coastal embayment infilling - in coastal evolution and shoreline morphodynamics. Following a regional 2 to 4m highstand at ca 58ka, the 75km(2) Tijucas Strandplain in southern Brazil built from fluvial sediments deposited into a semi-enclosed bay. Holocene regressive deposits are …
Effects Of Sediment And Salinity On The Growth And Competitive Abilities Of Three Submersed Macrophytes, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore
Effects Of Sediment And Salinity On The Growth And Competitive Abilities Of Three Submersed Macrophytes, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore
VIMS Articles
Submersed macrophytes are generally found in multispecies beds, with the dominance of individual species varying in both space and time. In estuarine environments, these plants can grow across a range of environmental conditions which may alter species interactions. Three species common to the Chesapeake Bay region, Vallisneria americana (wild celery), Heteranthera dubia (water stargrass), and Stuckenia pectinata (sago pondweed), were planted in a microcosm designed to test their growth and interactions (relative yielding) under a range of conditions of salinity (0, 5, or 10), sediment type (mud or sand), and species combinations. H. dubia was most sensitive to elevated salinity, …
Virtualspecies, An R Package To Generate Virtual Species Distributions, B Leroy, Cn Meynard, C Bellard, F Courchamp
Virtualspecies, An R Package To Generate Virtual Species Distributions, B Leroy, Cn Meynard, C Bellard, F Courchamp
VIMS Articles
virtualspecies is a freely available package for R designed to generate virtual species distributions, a procedure increasingly used in ecology to improve species distribution models. This package combines the existing methodological approaches with the objective of generating virtual species distributions with increased ecological realism. The package includes 1) generating the probability of occurrence of a virtual species from a spatial set of environmental conditions (i.e. environmental suitability), with two different approaches; 2) converting the environmental suitability into presence-absence with a probabilistic approach; 3) introducing dispersal limitations in the realised virtual species distributions and 4) sampling occurrences with different biases in …
Biodiversity Enhances Reef Fish Biomass And Resistance To Climate Change, Je Duffy, Js Lefcheck, Rochelle Stuart-Smith, Sa Navarrete, Gj Edgar
Biodiversity Enhances Reef Fish Biomass And Resistance To Climate Change, Je Duffy, Js Lefcheck, Rochelle Stuart-Smith, Sa Navarrete, Gj Edgar
VIMS Articles
Fishes are the most diverse group of vertebrates, play key functional roles in aquatic ecosystems, and provide protein for a billion people, especially in the developing world. Those functions are compromised by mounting pressures on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Because of its economic and food value, fish biomass production provides an unusually direct link from biodiversity to critical ecosystem services. We used the Reef Life Survey's global database of 4,556 standardized fish surveys to test the importance of biodiversity to fish production relative to 25 environmental drivers. Temperature, biodiversity, and human influence together explained 47% of the global variation in …
Copepod Summer Grazing And Fecal Pellet Production Along Thewestern Antarctic Peninsula, Mr Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ome Schofield
Copepod Summer Grazing And Fecal Pellet Production Along Thewestern Antarctic Peninsula, Mr Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ome Schofield
VIMS Articles
Copepods are important grazers on phytoplankton and contributors to carbon export, but their role is poorly understood in theWestern Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of high productivity and rapid climate warming. We conducted grazing and egestion experiments with large, dominant copepods each January from 2012 to 2014. We found higher gut evacuation rates (k), initial gut pigment and ingestion rates (I) for Calanus propinquus and Rhincalanus gigas compared with Calanoides acutus. Since k and I linearly increased with chlorophyll a for most species, ingestion rates were 4-70 times greater in more productive coastal regions than offshore, slope waters. Copepods have …
Improving Marine Disease Surveillance Through Sea Temperature Monitoring, Outlooks And Projections, J Maynard, R Van Hooidonk, Cd Harvell, Cm Eakin, G Liu, Jeffrey D. Shields, Et Al.
Improving Marine Disease Surveillance Through Sea Temperature Monitoring, Outlooks And Projections, J Maynard, R Van Hooidonk, Cd Harvell, Cm Eakin, G Liu, Jeffrey D. Shields, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
To forecast marine disease outbreaks as oceans warm requires new environmental surveillance tools. We describe an iterative process for developing these tools that combines research, development and deployment for suitable systems. The first step is to identify candidate host-pathogen systems. The 24 candidate systems we identified include sponges, corals, oysters, crustaceans, sea stars, fishes and sea grasses (among others). To illustrate the other steps, we present a case study of epizootic shell disease (ESD) in the American lobster. Increasing prevalence of ESD is a contributing factor to lobster fishery collapse in southern New England (SNE), raising concerns that disease prevalence …
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Recruitment In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, A Buchheister, Tj Miller, Ed Houde, Dh Secor, Rj Latour
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Recruitment In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, A Buchheister, Tj Miller, Ed Houde, Dh Secor, Rj Latour
VIMS Articles
Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, is an abundant, schooling pelagic fish that is widely distributed in the coastal Northwest Atlantic. It supports the largest single-species fishery by volume on the east coast of the United States. However, relatively little is known about factors that control recruitment, and its stock- recruitment relationship is poorly defined. Atlantic menhaden is managed as a single unit stock, but fisheries and environmental variables likely act regionally on recruitments. To better understand spatial and temporal variability in recruitment, fishery-independent time-series (1959-2013) of young-of-year (YOY) abundance indices from the Mid-Atlantic to Southern New England (SNE) were analysed using …
How Well Do We Know The Infaunal Biomass Of The Continental Shelf?, En Powell, Roger L. Mann
How Well Do We Know The Infaunal Biomass Of The Continental Shelf?, En Powell, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Benthic infauna comprise a wide range of taxa of varying abundances and sizes, but large infaunal taxa are infrequently recorded in community surveys of the shelf benthos. These larger, but numerically rare, species may contribute disproportionately to biomass, however. We examine the degree to which standard benthic sampling gear and survey design provide an adequate estimate of the biomass of large infauna using the Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, on the continental shelf off the northeastern coast of the United States as a test organism. We develop a numerical model that simulates standard survey designs, gear types, and sampling densities to …
Characterization Of Infectious Dose And Lethal Dose Of Two Strains Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (Ihnv), Dg Mckenney, G Kurath, Ar Wargo
Characterization Of Infectious Dose And Lethal Dose Of Two Strains Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (Ihnv), Dg Mckenney, G Kurath, Ar Wargo
VIMS Articles
The ability to infect a host is a key trait of a virus, and differences in infectivity could put one virus at an evolutionary advantage over another. In this study we have quantified the infectivity of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) that are known to differ in fitness and virulence. By exposing juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hosts to a wide range of virus doses, we were able to calculate the infectious dose in terms of ID50 values for the two genotypes. Lethal dose experiments were also conducted to confirm the virulence difference between the two virus …
Progress And Challenges In Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling, Nk Ganju, Mark Brush, B Rashleigh, Al Aretxabaleta, P Del Barrio, Js Grear, La Harris, Sj Lake, Et Al.
Progress And Challenges In Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling, Nk Ganju, Mark Brush, B Rashleigh, Al Aretxabaleta, P Del Barrio, Js Grear, La Harris, Sj Lake, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Numerical modeling has emerged over the last several decades as a widely accepted tool for investigations in environmental sciences. In estuarine research, hydrodynamic and ecological models have moved along parallel tracks with regard to complexity, refinement, computational power, and incorporation of uncertainty. Coupled hydrodynamic-ecological models have been used to assess ecosystem processes and interactions, simulate future scenarios, and evaluate remedial actions in response to eutrophication, habitat loss, and freshwater diversion. The need to couple hydrodynamic and ecological models to address research and management questions is clear because dynamic feedbacks between biotic and physical processes are critical interactions within ecosystems. In …
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers of essential marine habitat. Their populations are rapidly declining worldwide. One potential cause of seagrass population declines is wasting disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens in the genus Labyrinthula. While infection with these pathogens is common in seagrasses, theory suggests that disease only occurs when environmental stressors cause immunosuppression of the host. Recent evidence suggests that host factors may also contribute to disease caused by opportunistic pathogens. In order to quantify patterns of disease, identify risk factors, and investigate responses to infection, we surveyed shoot density, shoot length, epiphyte load, production of plant defenses (phenols), …
Hidden In Plain Sight: Cryptic And Endemic Malaria Parasites In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Es Martinsen, N Mcinerney, H Brightman, K Ferebee, T Walsh, Et Al.
Hidden In Plain Sight: Cryptic And Endemic Malaria Parasites In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Es Martinsen, N Mcinerney, H Brightman, K Ferebee, T Walsh, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium are diverse in mammal hosts, infecting five mammalian orders in the Old World, but were long considered absent from the diverse deer family (Cervidae) and from New World mammals. There was a description of a Plasmodium parasite infecting a single splenectomized white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in 1967 but none have been reported since, which has proven a challenge to our understanding of malaria parasite biogeography. Using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, we screened a large sample of native and captive ungulate species from across the United States for malaria parasites. We found …
Fungal Denitrification: Bipolaris Sorokiniana Exclusively Denitrifies Inorganic Nitrogen In The Presence And Absence Of Oxygen, R Phillips, G Grelet, A Mcmillan, Bk Song, B Weir, Et Al.
Fungal Denitrification: Bipolaris Sorokiniana Exclusively Denitrifies Inorganic Nitrogen In The Presence And Absence Of Oxygen, R Phillips, G Grelet, A Mcmillan, Bk Song, B Weir, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Fungi may play an important role in the production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Bipolaris sorokiniana is a ubiquitous saprobe found in soils worldwide, yet denitrification by this fungal strain has not previously been reported. We aimed to test if B. sorokiniana would produce N2O and CO2 in the presence of organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen (N) under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Nitrogen source (organic-N, inorganic-N, no-N control) significantly affected N2O and CO2 production both in the presence and absence of oxygen, which contrasts with bacterial denitrification. Inorganic N addition increased denitrification of N2O (from 0 to …
Upgrading Marine Ecosystem Restoration Using Ecological-Social Concepts, A Abelson, Bs Halpern, Dc Reed, R J. Orth, Ga Kendrick, Et Al
Upgrading Marine Ecosystem Restoration Using Ecological-Social Concepts, A Abelson, Bs Halpern, Dc Reed, R J. Orth, Ga Kendrick, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Conservation and environmental management are principal countermeasures to the degradation of marine ecosystems and their services. However, in many cases, current practices are insufficient to reverse ecosystem declines. We suggest that restoration ecology, the science underlying the concepts and tools needed to restore ecosystems, must be recognized as an integral element for marine conservation and environmental management. Marine restoration ecology is a young scientific discipline, often with gaps between its application and the supporting science. Bridging these gaps is essential to using restoration as an effective management tool and reversing the decline of marine ecosystems and their services. Ecological restoration …
Parallelism And Epistasis In Skeletal Evolution Identified Through Use Of Phylogenomic Mapping Strategies, Jm Daane, N Rohner, P Konstantinidis, S Djuranovic, Mp Harris
Parallelism And Epistasis In Skeletal Evolution Identified Through Use Of Phylogenomic Mapping Strategies, Jm Daane, N Rohner, P Konstantinidis, S Djuranovic, Mp Harris
VIMS Articles
The identification of genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary change is critical to our understanding of natural diversity, but is presently limited by the lack of genetic and genomic resources for most species. Here, we present a new comparative genomic approach that can be applied to a broad taxonomic sampling of nonmodel species to investigate the genetic basis of evolutionary change. Using our analysis pipeline, we show that duplication and divergence of fgfr1a is correlated with the reduction of scales within fishes of the genus Phoxinellus. As a parallel genetic mechanism is observed in scale-reduction within independent lineages of cypriniforms, our finding …
Unstructured-Grid Model For The North Sea And Baltic Sea: Validation Against Observations, Yinglong J. Zhang, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
Unstructured-Grid Model For The North Sea And Baltic Sea: Validation Against Observations, Yinglong J. Zhang, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
VIMS Articles
A new unstructured grid model and its application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea are described. The research focus is on the dynamics in the two basins and in the multiple straits connecting them and more specifically on how the model replicates the temporal and spatial variability of physical processes. The comparison against observed data indicates the realism in the simulations of the exchange flows. The simulations demonstrated that in contrast to the tidal variability which decreases in the strait, the role of the barotropic forcing due to weather systems increases. In this zone reversal of transport is well …
Microbes As Engines Of Ecosystem Function: When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions Of Ecosystem Processes?, Emily B. Graham, Joeseph E. Knelman, Et Al, Bk Song
Microbes As Engines Of Ecosystem Function: When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions Of Ecosystem Processes?, Emily B. Graham, Joeseph E. Knelman, Et Al, Bk Song
VIMS Articles
Microorganisms are vital in mediating the earth’s biogeochemical cycles; yet, despite our rapidly increasing ability to explore complex environmental microbial communities, the relationship between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. Here, we address a fundamental and unanswered question in microbial ecology: ‘When do we need to understand microbial community structure to accurately predict function?’ We present a statistical analysis investigating the value of environmental data and microbial community structure independently and in combination for explaining rates of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes within 82 global datasets. Environmental variables were the strongest predictors of process rates but left …
Depth As A Driver Of Evolution In The Deep Sea: Insights From Grenadiers (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) Of The Genus Coryphaenoides, Mr Gaither, B Violi, Hwi Gray, F Neat, Jc Drazen, Rochelle Grubbs, A Roa-Varon, T Sutton, Ar Hoelzel
Depth As A Driver Of Evolution In The Deep Sea: Insights From Grenadiers (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) Of The Genus Coryphaenoides, Mr Gaither, B Violi, Hwi Gray, F Neat, Jc Drazen, Rochelle Grubbs, A Roa-Varon, T Sutton, Ar Hoelzel
VIMS Articles
Here we consider the role of depth as a driver of evolution in a genus of deep-sea fishes. We provide a phylogeny for the genus Coryphaenoides (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) that represents the breadth of habitat use and distributions for these species. In our consensus phylogeny species found at abyssal depths (>4000 m) form a well-supported lineage, which interestingly also includes two non -abyssal species, C. striaturus and C. murrayi, diverging from the basal node of that lineage. Biogeographic analyses suggest the genus may have originated in the Southern and Pacific Oceans where contemporary species diversity is highest. The abyssal lineage …
Millennial-Scale Sustainability Of The Chesapeake Bay Native American Oyster Fishery, Tc Rick, La Reeder-Myers, Ca Hofman, D Breitburg, R Lockwood, G Henkes, M. L. Kellogg, D Lowery, M. Luckenbach, R. Mann, Mb Ogburn, M. Southworth, J Wah, J Wesson, Ah Hines
Millennial-Scale Sustainability Of The Chesapeake Bay Native American Oyster Fishery, Tc Rick, La Reeder-Myers, Ca Hofman, D Breitburg, R Lockwood, G Henkes, M. L. Kellogg, D Lowery, M. Luckenbach, R. Mann, Mb Ogburn, M. Southworth, J Wah, J Wesson, Ah Hines
VIMS Articles
Estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Oysters (Ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. In North America's Chesapeake Bay, once-thriving eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. Here we present data on oyster size and human harvest from Chesapeake Bay archaeological sites spanning similar to 3,500 y of Native American, colonial, and historical occupation. We compare oysters from archaeological sites with Pleistocene oyster reefs that existed before …
Seamless Cross-Scale Modeling With Schism, Yinglong J. Zhang, Fei Ye, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
Seamless Cross-Scale Modeling With Schism, Yinglong J. Zhang, Fei Ye, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
VIMS Articles
We present a new 3D unstructured-grid model (SCHISM) which is an upgrade from an existing model (SELFE). The new advection scheme for the momentum equation includes an iterative smoother to reduce excess mass produced by higher-order kriging method, and a new viscosity formulation is shown to work robustly for generic unstructured grids and effectively filter out spurious modes without introducing excessive dissipation. A new higher-order implicit advection scheme for transport (TVD2) is proposed to effectively handle a wide range of Courant numbers as commonly found in typical cross-scale applications. The addition of quadrangular elements into the model, together with a …
Evaluation Of Cytochalasin B And 6-Dimethylaminopurine For Tetraploidy Induction In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Bl Peachey, Standish K. Allen Jr.
Evaluation Of Cytochalasin B And 6-Dimethylaminopurine For Tetraploidy Induction In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Bl Peachey, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Cytochalasin B (CB) has been used to induce tetraploidy in oysters since the practice began in 1993. However, CB is toxic and presents health risks to hatchery workers who administer the treatment. 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) is also an effective cytokinetic inhibitor, and does not carry the health risks of CB. We examined the relative effectiveness of 6-DMAP vs CB for producing tetraploids in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Survival and yield of tetraploids varied widely among the 15 experiments. Larvae resulting from 6-DMAP treatment had higher survival in 11 of the 14 trials on day two and day six/seven. For yield …
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
Moving Forward 21st Century Pathways To Strengthen The Ocean Science Workforce Through Graduate Education And Professional Development, Linda C. Schaffner, T. W. Hartley, J. G. Saunders
VIMS Articles
The scope of emerging national and international ocean-related issues facing society demands that we develop broad perspectives on graduate education and training in the ocean sciences. A multifaceted ocean workforce and new kinds of intellectual partnerships are needed to address ocean science research priorities, strengthen our understanding of coupled human-natural ocean systems, engage and inform public policy and management decision making, and increase ocean literacy. Alumni from graduate programs in ocean sciences are following diverse career paths in academia, government, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, and thus can inform us about the diverse skills needed to succeed. The ocean science academic …
Influence Of Reservoir Infill On Coastal Deep Water Hypoxia, Lewis C. Linker, Richard A. Batiuk, Carl F. Cerco, Gary W. Shenk, Richard Tian, Ping Wang, Guido Yactayo
Influence Of Reservoir Infill On Coastal Deep Water Hypoxia, Lewis C. Linker, Richard A. Batiuk, Carl F. Cerco, Gary W. Shenk, Richard Tian, Ping Wang, Guido Yactayo
VIMS Articles
Ecological restoration of the Chesapeake through the Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load (TMDL) requires the reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads in the Chesapeake watershed because of the tidal water quality impairments and damage to living resources they cause. Within the Chesapeake watershed, the Conowingo Reservoir has been filling in with sediment for almost a century and is now in a state of near‐full capacity called dynamic equilibrium. The development of the Chesapeake TMDL in 2010 was with the assumption that the Conowingo Reservoir was still effectively trapping sediment and nutrients. This is now known not to …
Chemical Formation Of Hybrid Di-Nitrogen Calls Fungal Codenitrification Into Question, Rebecca L. Phillips, Bk Song, Andrew M. S. Mcmillan, Gwen Grelet, Bevan S. Weir, Thilak Palmada, Craig Tobias
Chemical Formation Of Hybrid Di-Nitrogen Calls Fungal Codenitrification Into Question, Rebecca L. Phillips, Bk Song, Andrew M. S. Mcmillan, Gwen Grelet, Bevan S. Weir, Thilak Palmada, Craig Tobias
VIMS Articles
Removal of excess nitrogen (N) can best be achieved through denitrification processes that transform N in water and terrestrial ecosystems to di-nitrogen (N-2) gas. The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered an intermediate or end-product in denitrification pathways. Both abiotic and biotic denitrification processes use a single N source to form N2O. However, N-2 can be formed from two distinct N sources (known as hybrid N-2) through biologically mediated processes of anammox and codenitrification. We questioned if hybrid N-2 produced during fungal incubation at neutral pH could be attributed to abiotic nitrosation and if N2O was consumed during N-2 …
The Nature Of Organic Carbon In Density-Fractionated Sediments In The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California), S. G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
The Nature Of Organic Carbon In Density-Fractionated Sediments In The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California), S. G. Wakeham, Elizabeth A. Canuel
VIMS Articles
Rivers are the primary means by which sediments and carbon are transported from the terrestrial biosphere to the oceans but gaps remain in our understanding of carbon associations from source to sink. Bed sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (CA) were fractionated according to density and analyzed for sediment mass distribution, elemental (C and N) composition, mineral surface area, and stable carbon and radiocarbon isotope compositions of organic carbon (OC) and fatty acids to evaluate the nature of organic carbon in river sediments. OC was unevenly distributed among density fractions. Mass and OC were in general concentrated in mesodensity …
Nuclear Import Of The Thyroid Hormone Receptor Α1 Is Mediated By Importin 7, Importin Β1, And Adaptor Importin Α1, Vincent R. Roggero, Jibo Zhang, Laura E. Parente, Yazdi Doshi, Lizabeth A. Allison
Nuclear Import Of The Thyroid Hormone Receptor Α1 Is Mediated By Importin 7, Importin Β1, And Adaptor Importin Α1, Vincent R. Roggero, Jibo Zhang, Laura E. Parente, Yazdi Doshi, Lizabeth A. Allison
Arts & Sciences Articles
The thyroid hormone receptor a1 (TRa1) is a nuclear receptor for thyroid hormone that shuttles rapidly between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Our prior studies showed that nuclear import of TRa1 is directed by two nuclear localization signals, one in the N-terminal A/B domain and the other in the hinge domain. Here, we showed using in vitro nuclear import assays that TRa1 nuclear localization is temperature and energy-dependent and can be reconstituted by the addition of cytosol. In HeLa cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged TRa1, knockdown of importin 7, importin B1 and importin a1 by RNA interference, or treatment with …
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear: Datasets, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
The Dilemma Of Derelict Gear: Datasets, Andrew M. Scheld, Donna M. Bilkovic, Kirk J. Havens
Data
No abstract provided.
Responses Of Antarctic Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems To Changing Ice Conditions, Mk Obryk, Pt Doran, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hw Ducklow
Responses Of Antarctic Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems To Changing Ice Conditions, Mk Obryk, Pt Doran, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Polar regions are warming more rapidly than lower latitudes, and climate models predict that this trend will continue into the coming decades. Despite these observations and predictions, relatively little is known about how polar ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to this change. Two Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, located in contrasting environments in Antarctica, have been studying marine and aquatic terrestrial ecosystems for more than two decades. We use data from these research areas to show that the extent and thickness of ice covers are highly sensitive to short- and long-term climate variation and that this variation …