Life Sciences Commons^™

Lactational Performance And Energy Partitioning Of Dairy Cows Supplemented With N-Acetyl-L-Methionine During Mid To Late Lactation, Tyson George Grisenti

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The N-acetyl-L-methionine (NALM) molecule is a methionine (Met) derivative produced via acetylation of the L-Met α-amino group with an N-acetyl group. This molecule has been shown to be bioavailable and capable of fulfilling the dietary requirement for Met in animals and humans. The current experiment was conducted to test a hypothesis that lactating dairy cows fed with NALM would increase milk production by increasing N and energy utilization efficiencies in a dose dependent manner. Eight multiparous Holstein cows that were mid lactation (124 ± 13 days-in-milk) with similar milk production were used in a 4 x …

Improvement Of Nutrient Utilization Efficiency, Ruminal Fermentation And Lactational Performance Of Dairy Cows By Feeding Birdsfoot Trefoil, Rachael G. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Condensed tannins (CT) are compounds that have shown potential to reduce the environmental impact of dairy farming waste products. In two live animal studies and a continuous culture study, it was hypothesized that feeding birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus, BFT), a CT-containing legume, would improve nutrient utilization, milk, and component yield of dairy cows compared with feeding alfalfa hay or grass pasture in two studies, while feeding BFT forage would decrease methane production and improve rumen fermentation in addition to concentrate supplementation was the hypothesis of the third study. Reduction in milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and …

Physiological Impacts And Lactational Performance Of Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early To Midlactation, Alexandra Windley Kelley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Developing solutions to the metabolic stress experienced by cows during the transition period is very important because it can negatively influence lactational performance. The objectives were to: 1) compare physiological changes through body weight (BW) and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and 2) evaluate feed intake, milk production, and energy balance (EB) of cows fed brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS)-based diets when compared with conventional corn silage (CCS)-based diets during the transition. At 4 wk prior to parturition, 40 dry multiparous Holstein cows …

Can Cows Eat Snow?, Jim Keyes

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes situations where cattle can survive on snow without having any other watagriculer supply.

Breeding Soundness Evaluation Of Bulls, Clell V. Bagley, C. Kim Chapman

All Current Publications

Very few bulls are “sterile” and unable to produce any offspring. But, 10% to 25% of bulls have reduced fertility or possess physical problems which reduce their ability to sire calves. The breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) is a useful tool in identifying these bulls. Eliminating bulls with physical problems or reduced fertility from the breeding herd will improve overall reproductive efficiency of the herd.

Management Intensive Grazing Systems And The Environment, Rhonda Miller, Jennifer W. Macadam, Rich Koenig

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Management Intensive Grazing Systems And The Environment, Rhonda Miller, Jennifer W. Macadam, Rich Koenig

Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Fall Calving In The Intermountain West, Dale R. Zobell, Craig Burrell, Darrell Rothlisberger, Eleanor Jenson

All Current Publications

Fall calving has been practiced by beef producers for many years, although in small numbers relative to spring calving. The spring calf crop has been a traditional event for most beef producers and probably will continue to be. There are distinct advantages, however, to fall calving which producers could take advantage of. The potential for higher conception and weaning rates, price premiums and the elimination of calf scours are among the reasons some beef producers have switched from spring calving their herd to fall calving.

Forage Kochia For Fall/Winter Grazing, D. R. Zobell, B. L. Waldron, K. C. Olson, R. D. Harrison, H. Jensen

All Current Publications

Winter feeding costs have often been cited as one of the most expensive aspects of beef cattle production in the Intermountain West. Research and rancher experience suggests that using forage kochia for fall/winter grazing may help reduce these costs.

How To Start Growing Beef Calves On Feed, Dale Zobell

All Current Publications

A well developed feeding program will reduce stress on newly weaned beef calves resulting in lower costs of gain. In consultation with a veterinarian and nutritionist effective processing and feeding can be achieved.

Vaccination Programs For Dairy Young Stock, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Vaccines are an important tool to use in herd health programs for the protection of animal health. However, vaccines often do not protect health by themselves, and should be used in conjunction with good management practices. The timing of vaccination and selection of product type are important considerations.

Helping Dairy Producers Reduce The Scc, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Practicing veterinarians are in an excellent position to help dairy producers recognize and deal with the problem of elevated somatic cell counts (SCC). Yet they are seldom asked to assist. A high SCC is an indication of chronic, subclinical mastitis in the herd and is also an indication of significant economic losses.

Colloidal Silver Not Approved For Treating Animals, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

FDA has received reports that products containing colloidal silver are being promoted for use in the treatment of mastitis and other serious disease conditions of dairy cattle, as well as for various conditions of companion animals. For example, FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine has received reports from the Agency's regional milk specialists and State inspectors that colloidal silver products have been found on some dairy farms.

Copper Deficiency In Utah, Clell Bagley, Norris Stenquist, Dennis Worwood

All Current Publications

Copper deficiency has been diagnosed in a number of Utah cattle herds, yet few producers use copper supplements. Cattle deficient in the element can suffer significant production losses. Producers need to balance both the effects and the costs of copper supplements. Too much copper can cause copper toxicity or poisoning. And adding copper may not be economical if animals are only marginally deficient. Further, the deficiency may occur only on specific feeds or pastures, correcting itself when cattle are moved.

Health Programs Which Improve The Marketability Of Calves, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

The “winds of change” have the potential to drastically change the marketing of beef calves in the next few years. Economic pressures may force greater conformity in the way cow-calf producers manage and prepare their calves for market. Those who are slow to conform may be at a disadvantage for marketing.

Mastitis Prevention Program, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

A great deal of money and effort have been expended over the years to find methods for control of mastitis in dairy cows. Both European and U.S. workers have developed programs of prevention that are very similar. These preventive programs require implementation of the seven basic procedures outlined below. It has been shown repeatedly that this programs works.

Clinical Trials With Copper Supplementation, Clell Bagley, Norris Stenquist, Dennis Worwood

All Current Publications

Copper deficiency has been diagnosed in beef cattle herds in many areas of the intermountain west. Copper supplements are not widely used, even though several products are available. It is difficult to correct a deficiency because too much copper can result in copper toxicity or poisoning. Toxicity is less a hazard with cattle than with sheep, but it is still a problem to guard against. Periodic monitoring of the herd’s copper status is essential for proper supplementation.

Ammonia Toxicity In A Herd Of Beef Cattle, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

A Utah producer lost 22 out of 50 head of cows in May, due to ammonia toxicity. He used a liquid fertilizer tank to haul water to the cattle. He had done this for two years previously, and with washing out thoroughly, there had been no problem. But this time some fertilizer was evidently left in, mixed with the water and resulted in the toxicosis.

Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Clell Bagley, Charlotte Brennand

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Rumen-Protected Amino Acids On Production In Holstein Cows, David Paul Dawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Six nonlactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen and duodenal cannula were used to determine the efficacy of pH sensitive fatty acid polymer encapsulation as a means protecting amino acids from rumen fermentation and as a post-ruminal amino acid delivery system. The cows were arranged in a 2 X 2 factorial in a Latin Square design. Treatments were 1) the basal ration, and 2) basal ration plus rumen-protected lysine, methionine, and threonine at 10 g each per day.

Rumen parameters measured were pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids, protozoa, liquid, and dry matter rate of passage, total viable bacteria, and viable cellulolytic …

Selection And Development Of Replacement Beef Heifers, Norris J. Stenquist, James A. Bennett

Archived Agriculture Publications

Selection, development, management, and nutrition of heifer calves to be used as herd replacements are key factors in maintaining beef herd productivity. A cow/calf producer, to be successful, must have some goals or criterion for heifer selection and development. For practically all Utah cattle production areas, economics dictate that heifers must calve as two-year-olds. Heifers must be properly developed and managed to permit this. The following factors are important: Heifers should 1) become pregnant in the first 25 days of the breeding season, 2) give birth to a live calf with little or no calving difficulty, 3) raise a calf …

The Heart Rate Responses Of Dairy Cows To Two Types Of Disturbances--Transportation And Aircraft Noises, Hoon M. Ahn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three experiments were conducted using implanted heart rate (HR) transmitters. In the first experiment three lactating Holstein cows' HR signals were monitored telemetrically for three successive days under the normal herd management. Overall mean and standard error for these cows was 76.1 ± 0.46 bpm. In the second experiment the same three cows' HR signals were monitored with a portable computer and receiver. The cows were transported 400 kilometers one way over various road surface conditions. The HR signals were monitored consecutively at the beginning of the trip and at hourly intervals during travel. The cows stayed overnight and were …

Effect Of Feeding A Viable Yeast Culture With Or Without Aspergillus Oryzae On Milk Production, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, And Nutrient Degradability In Holstein Cows, Daeyoon Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four early to midlactation Holstein cows were allocated to one of three treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration plus 60 g wheat bran per day per head (control); 2) basal ration plus 57 g yeast culture per day per head; 3) basal ration plus 57 g yeast culture plus 3 g Aspergillus oryzae per day per head. Feed intake and milk yield were recoreded daily and milk composition and body weights were recorded weekly. Feed and fecal samples were recorded weekly. Feed and fecal samples were collected to determine apparent nutrient digestibility. No statistical difference was observed in milk …

Growth Stimulants And Feed Additives, Norris J. Stenquist

All Archived Publications

In recent years, the most revolutionary increases in beef cattle weights and feeding efficiencies have resulted from the development and use of growth stimulants, feed additives, and antibiotics. These nonnutritive products not only improve the rate and efficiency of gain but prevent certain diseases as well. Their use has significantly improved beef cattle production efficiency and provided a greater return per dollar invested than any other factor in the livestock industry. Growth stimulants deposit increased protein in the animal without changing protein or energy intake. They are designed to provide a constant slow release of active ingredients into the animal's …

Growth Stimulants, Nyle J. Matthews

Archived Agriculture Publications

A tiny pellet inserted under the skin of a calf's ear may increase weight gains as much as 15 to 20 percent. This same result would take years to accomplish through breeding and selection. These tiny pellets are growth stimulants. They are made of hormones that are constructed to slowly release minute amounts into the blood stream that stimulate the animal to produce natural body hormones. One of these hormones is a growth hormone. It regulates the rate of growth of the animal. Increasing the rate of growth will almost always improve feed efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. These pellets …

Effect Of Bacterial Inoculant On Alfalfa Haylage: Ensiling Characteristics And Milk Production Response When Fed To Dairy Cows In Early Lactation, Barb Kent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Third-cutting alfalfa hay harvested at bud stage in each of 2 yrs, treated with a live bacterial inoculant, packed in polyethylene-bonded bags and allowed to ensile. In both years, treated haylage had a lower pH, and a period effect was found for pH and mold count, regardless of treatment. In year 1, there was a period effect found for acid detergent fiber. In year 2, mean lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers (log 10) were significantly higher for treated haylage (9.69 and 10.36) for control and treated haylage, respectively). Regardless of treatment, lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers and water soluble carbohydrates significantly declined through time. …

Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate And Magnesium Oxide For Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects Upon Milk Coagulation Parameters, Shu-Chuan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-eight Holstein cows at Utah State Dairy Farm were blocked statistically according to date of calving, previous milk production, and numbers of lactation at parturition. The cattle were assigned randomly to one of four treatments within blocks. The four treatments included a base ration (control, treatment #1), base ration plus .8% of sodium bicarbonate (treatment #2), base ration plus .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #3), and base ration plus both .8% of sodium bicarbonate and .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #4). The research was conducted from February 1983 to November 1984. A formagraph was used to measure milk coagulation parameters …

Combined Scale Weight, Height At Hips And Visual Condition Score As An Indicator Of Functional Body Size In Range Cows, Patricia B. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-five range cows of various breeds were obtained for the study. Body measurements taken were live weight and hip height and all cows were condition scored for level of fatness. The cows were slaughtered and the following morning several carcass measurements were taken and the plate was removed from the left side. These plates were boned and the remaining flesh ground for chemical analysis of percent carcass fat. Regression equations were calculated for estimating percent carcass fat from condition score, weight:height ratio and hip height (R²=.765). However, condition score alone is the single best estimator for percent carcass …

Effect Of Three Methods Of Processing Barley On Intake And Production Of Lactating Cows, Carlos Garcia Jauregui

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four lactating cows were randomly assigned to three treatments within eight each 3 x 3 latin squares with three periods of 21 days duration. Three processing treatments of barley were 1) steam-rolled, 2) ground (fine), and 3) soak-rolled (soaked in water for appr. 24 hours, rolled, and fed within 48 hours). All rations were fed ad libitum and were comprised of 24% alfalfa hay, 16% corn silage, 35.5% barley, 12% whole cottonseed, 12% wheat bran, 0.3% salt, and 0.3% dicalcium phosphate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Electronic doors were used to collect individual feed intake data. Rations and feces …

Lactation And Weaning Weight Relationships In Hereford And Simmental-Hereford Cows In Southern Utah, William E. Zimmerman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactation and weaning weight relationships were studied in 37 cows grazing Southern Utah irrigated pastures during the summer of 1979. The herd included 23 Hereford cows ranging in age from 2 to 12 years and 14 Simmental-Hereford half-blood cows aged 3 to 9 years. The suckling calves were sired by Hereford bulls.

The average daily milk yield of 6.16 kg was affected by the cow breed. Simmental-Hereford cows produced 7.11 kg of milk per day, while the Herefords produced 5.21 kg per day. Milk production declined with increased days in lactation. The decline was linear in the Simmental- Hereford cows …