Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Self-Pollination In The Genus Pinus, Liz Cole

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The problems of self-pollination among trees are a major concern to foresters. Silvicultural practices have an effect on the frequency of self-pollination.For example, a cut, such as a shelterwood or seed tree, reduces the number of individuals in the breeding population and increases the distance between individual trees. This tends to increase the frequency of self-pollination. These effects can either be helpful or harmful depending on the goals of the forester. Therefore, a basic understanding as to the effects of self-pollination on trees is necessary. The point of focus in this paper is the genus, Pinus.

Self-pollination occurs naturally in …

Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …

Effect Of Fish Size On Prey Size Selection In Gambusia Affinis, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr., James Compton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Food size selection of the mosquitofish , Gambusia affinis affinis. was measured in aquaria using juvenile stages of the mosquito, Clllex tarsalb;, as prey. Fish size varied from recently born fry to large adult females. Food size selection was positively correlated with fish size. Mosquitofish fry (6-8 111m standard length) attacked and ate primarily first and second instar larvae. Fry attacked larger instars, but attack success on these was low (0 - 50%). Fish larger than 20 mm attached primarily pupae and third and fourth instar larva. No first instar mosquitoes were eaten. Attack success for these fish was above …

Muskrat Population Dynamics And Vegetation Utilization: A Management Plan, Thomas R. Mccabe, Michael L. Wolfe

Aspen Bibliography

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations are located in extensive marshes that are managed either privately or by state or federal refuge personnel. Maintenance of a balanced muskrat population is important to marsh management, therefore necessitating accurate density estimates. Feasibility of a vegetational utilization index as a reliable population indicator is being tested at Fish Springs NWR, Utah.

An Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral Approach To Desertification Control And Increased Productivity Of The Sahel, Rober D. Kirmse

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The southern arid fringe of the Sahara Desert, called the Sahel, is progressively becoming less productive through a systematic deterioration of the environment. Population increases and technological advances have encouraged ecological degradation through man's normal activities for survival. The degradation process has been referred to as desertification, desertization, desert encroachment, and desert creep.

Supplementary Studis On The Systematics Of The Genus Perdita (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) Part Ii, Philip H. Timberlake

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No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Exploitation On Some Parameters Of Coyote Populations, Robert P. Davison

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was conducted to examine the effect of exploitation on population parameters of coyotes (Canis latrans). Hypotheses tested were: (1) Substantial levels of exploitation do not change spring and fall coyote densities significantly; (2) Coyote recruitment (reproduction and immigration) rates are unaffected by substantial levels of exploitation; (3) Annual coyote survival rates are not related to intensity of harvest rates; (4) Coyote emigration rates remain unchanged by substantial levels of exploitation. Coyote demographic parameters were measured from 1975 to 1978 for a treatment population subject to substantial exploitation (Curlew Valley, Utah and Idaho), and for an unexploited …

Resource Partitioning In Breeding Populations Of Marsh Hawks And Short-Eared Owls, Susan C. Linner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the 1979 breeding season four pairs of northern harriers, or marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus) and four pairs of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) were studied in Cache Valley, Utah. The study was concerned solely with diurnal resource utilization, and did not examine the owls' nocturnal activities. The home range of each harrier pair overlapped substantially with that of an owl pair. Percent habitat overlap for hawk-owl pairs varied from 39 percent to 72 percent. Observations were made to determine if differences existed in their utilization of habitat and food resources, or in their daily and seasonal …

Effects Of Host Plant Patch Size And Surrounding Plant Type On Insect Population Dynamics, Lynn A. Maguire

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the present study was to investigate how plant spatial patterns and insect behavior interact to influence the population dynamics of insects using the plants. The study included three phases: l) field experiments using collards (Brassica oleracea) and the crucifer insect fauna; 2) simulation models representing the population dynamics of an insect herbivore as functions of insect dispersal behavior and host plant patch size; and 3) model-field syntheses integrating model predictions and field variability estimates to choose an appropriate spatial scale for future field experiments or applications.

In field experiments on surrounding plant type, collards were …

Humoral And Secretory Immunoglobulins Of The Sheepshead, Archosargus Probatocephalus, A Marine Teleost, Craig J. Lobb

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The sheepshead has two readily isolatable humoral immunoglobulins, a 16S tetrameric form and a 6S monomeric form. The 16S tetrameric form is composed of two subpopulations, one being a disulfide linked form (~700,000 daltons) and the other a noncovalently linked population of predominantly disulfide linked dimers (~350,000 daltons). The 6s immunoglobulin (~140,000 daltons) is composed of two noncovalently linked units (~70,000 daltons) each having one heavy and one light chain. The 6S immunoglobulin is antigenically deficient to the 16S immunoglobulin, this deficiency may be due to the heavy chain of the 6s protein lacking a~25,000 dalton segment present in the …

Effects Of Ddt Upon The Hematology And Immunology Of The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus), Maurice G. Zeeman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

DDT can cause hematological and immunological alterations in mammals and birds. Interference with normal hematological and immunological defense systems has been strongly linked to increased incidences of disease and tumors. Fish exposed to pesticides have been noted to be more susceptible to disease. This study examined DDT effects on goldfish hematological and immunological parameters.

Adult goldfish were kept in 250 liter aquaria at 25 ± 1° C. Fish were dosed intraperitoneally with p,p'-DDT in corn oil. Doses ranged from 0 to 500 mg/kg for acute (96 hour) hematology studies to 0 to 50 mg/kg for sub-acute hematology and immunology studies. …

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe Of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition Of Primary Photoreactions In Intact Leaves, Robert S. Nowak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Damage to primary photosynthetic reactions caused by environmental stress can be assessed by measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in intact leaves. This approach was applied in studies of ultraviolet-B photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Pisum sativum L. and Rumex patientia L. leaves. At ultraviolet-B dose rates insufficient to cause inhibition of net photosynthesis, changes in the magnitude of fluorescence transients did occur, which suggested direct effects on chloroplast pigments in Pisum and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport between the photosystems in both species. Leaves of these two species subjected to a much higher dose rate had a significant reduction of net …

Production Of Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium Williamsoni) In Altered And Unaltered Reaches Of Two Intermountain Streams In Their Alluvial Flood Plains, Michael J. Ottenbacher

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Estimates of production and related parameters (growth rate, density, standing crop) were made for populations of mountain whitefish in altered and "unaltered" areas of the Blacksmith Fork and Logan River, Utah from spring 1975 through summer 1976. Capture records of marked whitefish were also analyzed to describe fish movement and check on assumptions implicit in the population estimator.

Mean weights and instantaneous growth rates of whitefish were similar at all sites for comparable size/age groups. Among sites, differences in production per sampling interval and annual production were due mainly to differences in standing crop and/or age structure.

Estimates of mountain …

An Analysis Of A Measure Of Productivity In Mule Deer Populations, Ronald J. Ryel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the fall proportion of fawns among fawns and does in a mule deer population and two measures of productivity, the spring recruitment rate and the reproductive performance as measured in the fall. The spring recruitment rate was defined to be the number of fawns per doe which were recruited into the population at 1 year of age. The reproductive performance was defined to be the number of fawns produced per doe 2 years or older which survive to a specified time. The relationships between these quantities were measured by …

Supplementary Studies On The Systematics Of The Genus Perdita (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) Part Ll, P. H. Timberlake

All PIRU Publications

This is the second part of a study (1971) that is supplementary to my revision of the genus Perdita (1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1968). Herein are treated some 57 species, of which 44 are described as new and the synonymy of three species is given. New keys are provided for the subgenera Macroteropsis, Epimacrotera, Cockerellula, and the Octomaculata Group and Sphaeralceae Group of the subgenus Perdita. The key to Macroteropsis is new for the females of that group, that for Epimacrotera is a revision of the key in Part III (1958). The key to Cockerellula is …

Irrigating For Rainbows, Jack Keller

Faculty Honor Lectures

Quite simply. irrigation is the act of applying water to land. It is usually done to improve plant growth and it lies somewhere between an art. a science. and plain hard work. Even though we do not often think about it. irrigation is very important to the well-being of the world. It is important because we need basic foods to survive. and luxury foods and pleasant views to enjoy this survival. For the many people directly involved in irrigation. especially farmers. it provides a livelihood which is both satisfying and peaceful. And for the few of us lucky enough to …

The 160-Acre Limitation And Economies Of Size: A Case Study In The Uintah Basin, Thomas C. Hatch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economies of size in farming in the Roosevelt-Myton area of the Uintah Basin and to assess their impact on the financial viability of different size farms. This information will be useful in recommending changes to reclamation law.

Farmer interviews were used to obtain costs of production for 160, 320, 640, and 1280 acre farms. The field data were entered into the Oklahoma State Budget Generator to provide the necessary cost breakdown. This in formation was used to derive a curve approximating the long run average cost curve and to determine the …

Lactation And Weaning Weight Relationships In Hereford And Simmental-Hereford Cows In Southern Utah, William E. Zimmerman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactation and weaning weight relationships were studied in 37 cows grazing Southern Utah irrigated pastures during the summer of 1979. The herd included 23 Hereford cows ranging in age from 2 to 12 years and 14 Simmental-Hereford half-blood cows aged 3 to 9 years. The suckling calves were sired by Hereford bulls.

The average daily milk yield of 6.16 kg was affected by the cow breed. Simmental-Hereford cows produced 7.11 kg of milk per day, while the Herefords produced 5.21 kg per day. Milk production declined with increased days in lactation. The decline was linear in the Simmental- Hereford cows …

Determination Of The Temperature Response Curves For Abscisic Acid And Its Derivatives In Economically Important Horticultural Crops, Jaleh Daie

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I

Four-week old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings were exposed to different constant temperatures of 15, 25, 35, or 45 C. To determine the effect of temperature on Abscisic Acid (ABA) young and old leaves were harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h and free, hydrolyzable and total ABA were measured using gas liquid chromatographic methods. Temperature had a significant effect on free, hydrolyzable and total ABA in both young and old leaves. Time had a significant effect as a cubic function on all ABA measurements in old leaves but in young leaves a significant effect …

Ultrastructural Localization Of Solanidine In Potato Tubers, Shau-Ron Han

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Solanine, the green substance in potato, Solanum tuberosum L., tubers, is a toxic glycoalkaloid that is a potential human health hazard. To control the formation of this glycoalkaloid a greater understanding of its site of synthesis is needed. Labelling of solanidine, a direct precursor in the biosynthesis of solanine, with digitonin may indirectly locate the site of solanine synthesis in tubers. A study using ultrastructural cytochemical techniques was initiated to explore this possibility.

Sprouted tips and peridermal complex (periderm and cortex) tissue were fixed three different ways: (1) glutaraldehyde only, (2) osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde, and (3) glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide-digitonin mixture. …

Notes On The Biology Of Halictus (Halictus) Farinosus Smith (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), William P. Nye

All PIRU Publications

Describes the habitat, life history, foraging, social behavior, and nest architecture of the subsocial halictine bee Hal ictus (Hal ictus) farinosus Smith. The interplay of host-plant conditions with nest development and generations is discussed. Natural enemies and other associates are noted but not extensively treated.

Iron And Zinc Deficiencies In Selected Calcareous Soils Of Southern Utah, E. Frank Schnitzer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The response of field corn to iron and zinc fertilization was studied using a split plot experimental design in Millard County, Utah, in cooperation with the Utah State University Extension Agent and a local farmer. mainplot treatment applications consisted, on an acre basis, of (1) 5 tons of sulfuric acid, (2) 1 ton sulfuric acid, (3) 1.8 tons gypsum, (4) check plot. Subplot treatments were (1) Fe at 5 lbs/Ac, (2) Zn at 10 lbs/Ac, (3) Fe and Zn at 5 and 10 lb / Ac, respectively, (4) check plot. The iron and zinc applications were essentially rendered unavailable by …

Activities Of Domestic Sheep On Central Utah Ranges, J. Daniel Rodgers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The range sheep industry, economically important to Utah and to the United States, produces needed food and fiber from much of the less productive land. Improved management will depend on more knowledge of the range ecosystem. Research to determine the time spent by sheep in activities of differing energy demands and to determine what factors affect sheep activity was completed on Utah ranges.

The research was conducted in central Utah on foothill range near Eureka and on mountain range near Scofield. Rambouillet sheep were loosely herded on the sagebrush-aspen areas on mountain range and were unherded on foothill range where …

Inhibition Of Synaptosomal Biogenic Amine Transport By A Diverse Group Of Neurotoxic Chemicals, William M. Bracken

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Synaptosomal membrane functions were monitored, after in vitro exposure to select environmental pollutants, in synaptosomal preparations originating from rat cerebral cortices. The uptake of NE and 5HT into the synaptosomes was monitored as was the K⁺-dependent phosphate activity of the membrane. CH₃HgCl, Hg(NO₃)₂, CdCl₂, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), paraoxon, acrylamide and Kepone were the test chemicals whose effects were studied.

CH₃HgCl, Hg(NO₃)₂ and Kepone had the greatest inhibitory effects on NE and 5HT uptake. The concentrations producing 50 percent inhibition (IC₅₀) were 1.4 x 10 …

Optimum Enzyme Treatment For Liberation And Assay Of Pantothenic Acid In Blood, Jan Pearson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A great deal of variability has been evident in reported pantothenic acid blood values. The purpose of the study was to establish optimum enzyme treatment for liberation and assay of pantothenic acid in blood and sera.

There were eight major findings. First, it was found that there was an active pantetheinase in sera, negating the need for hog kidney peptidase or pigeon liver enzyme in whole blood. The second finding (related to the first) indicated that there was significant autolysis of the peptidase bond between the pantothenic acid and cysteamine moieties of coenzyme A in whole blood. The third finding …

Economic Impacts Of Public Grazing Reductions In The Livestock Industry With Emphasis On Utah, Deevon Bailey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to determine the immediate impact of reductions in public grazing on livestock production in the United States. This was accomplished by the use of linear programming techniques. Different grazing reduction simulations were utilized to determine the short and long run effects of across-the-board reductions in public grazing.

The United States was divided into 13 regions. The 11 western states were considered as individual regions. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of grazing reduction on Utah. The availability and utilization of feed and livestock products during a "normal year", 1978, were considered in this …

Common Use Grazing Studies On Southern Utah Summer Range, Al F. Schlundt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two common use grazing trials were conducted during two summer grazing seasons (1978-1979) on a typical shrubby grassland site on the Kolab Terrace, about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Cedar City, Utah, at an elevation of about 8500 feet (2600 m). Two animal units of ewes with lambs, or cows with calves, or both were stocked in each of six, one-acre (0.39 ha) pastures. A five to one substitution ratio provided two single-species and one mixed (five ewes with lambs and one cow with calf) livestock treatments replicated twice. The pastures were grazed for nine days during which time …

Reproductive Success Of The White-Faced Ibis: The Effects Of Pesticides And Colony Characteristics, Benjamin B. Steele

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Reproductive success of white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) was measured in nine colonies on marshes in northern Utah during 1979. The effects of pesticides and characteristics of colonies and sub-colonies on reproductive success were examined.

DDE was present in all 80 eggs sampled and had a geometric mean concentration of 1.25 ppm. Shell thickness of 176 eggs was 4.3 percent below pre-1945 thickness. Shell thickness was weakly correlated with residues of DDT, DDE, Dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide. Residues of these four pesticides were all correlated with each other. However, because of the stronger correlations between shell thickness and two …

The Effects Of A Calcium Pectinate Film Upon Shrinkage, Palatability And Surface Microbial Growth On Carcasses And Selected Beef And Poultry Cuts, Clifford Arthur Stubbs

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A process in which low methoxyl pectin is applied to the surface of meat carcasses and poultry to reduce shrinkage, maintain color and improve shelf life was evaluated. A 3.0 percent aqueous low methoxyl pectin (acidified with 1.4 percent acetic acid if required) was applied to beef, lamb and turkey carcasses by spraying and caused to form a gel coating by overspraying with a 3.5 percent calcium chloride salt solution.

Turkey carcasses treated with acidified pectin or acidified pectin after 3.0 percent acetic acid dip for 30 seconds were not significantly improved in shelf life over carcasses which were acid …

Pantothenic Acid Status In An Elderly Population, Nedra K. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There has been insufficient data available for suggesting a recommended dietary allowance for pantothenic acid in the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to determine the average dietary intake of pantothenic acid and correlate it with urinary excretions and the blood levels of this vitamin to assess the pantothenic acid status of the elderly population.

A seven day diet record was obtained from 65 non-institutionalized and 26 institutionalized persons over 65 years of age assessed to be free of chronic diseases. A 24 hour urine specimen and a fasting blood sample was obtained from each study participant. An …