Life Sciences Commons^™

Bulletin No. 379 - Biology And Control Of The Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia Lineatella Zeller) In Utah, Charles J. Sorenson, Farrell H. Gunnell

UAES Bulletins

The peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, sometimes called the peach worm, annually damages peach, apricot, nectarine, prune, and plum orchards in Utah. Many buds and twig terminals are destroyed each spring by the overwintered generation of partially grown larvae. These emerge from their winter quarters almost as soon as host trees begin their spring growth. From the time the fruit becomes about half grown until it is harvested, later generations of twig-borer larvae feed on it causing irregular, gummy cavities which make it unfit for market.

In order to work out a control program for any insect, its life …

Some American Eucerini Bees, Charles D. Michener, W. E. Laberge, J. S. Moure

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No abstract provided.

Canephorulini, A Tribe Of South American Bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea), Charles D. Michener, W. E. Laberge, J. S. Moure

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No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 378 - Labor Structure And Labor Problems: Utah Sheep Ranches, 1952-1953, William A. Dehart, William H. Metzler

UAES Bulletins

This study deals with the problem sheep ranchers have in recruiting workers to meet their labor needs. Consideration is given to the composition of the work force on sheep ranches, to wages, the amount and causes of labor turnover, and to ways to reduce turnover. Labor recruitment practices are also discussed and evaluated in terms of available sources of farm labor, the possibilities of maintaining a stable supply, and the effect of farm labor problems on recent changes in the operations of sheep ranch enterprises. The primary focus of attention is on regular hired labor on Utah sheep ranches, although …

Some Biological Observations On Hoplitis Pilosifrons And Stelis Lateralis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), Charles D. Michener

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No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 377 - Performance Testing Studies With Beef Cattle, James A. Bennett, Doyle J. Matthews

UAES Bulletins

The goal in beef cattle breeding is the production of animals that make rapid and efficient gains and have desirable conformation. Performance testing has recently been advanced as a means of identifying individuals possessing superior productive qualities and as a means of evaluating sires for transmitting these qualities to their offspring. This report gives the results of performance tests conducted with Hereford and Shorthorn calves fed over a constant time period as well as the results of a supplemental study undertaken to gain information that might add refinement to the evaluation of gains in beef cattle.

Bulletin No. 376 - Potato Production, Utah 1953: An Economic Analysis, E. M. Morrison, W. G. Kearl

UAES Bulletins

The potato enterprise is important in providing a cash crop and a means of diversifying and intensifying the operations on many of Utah's irrigated farms. It is particularly important in those areas where, because of short growing season or inadequate markets, other intensive crops cannot be produced economically.

Potatoes have accounted for around 2.5 percent of the total cash farm income and around 10 percent of the cash farm income from crop sales over the past several years. The gross value of the crop has been between four and five million dollars in 8 of the last 12 years from …

Pollination (In Growing Alfalfa For Seed), George E. Bohart, William P. Nye, Marshall D. Levin

All PIRU Publications

No abstract provided.

Site Identification For Bigtooth Aspen Sucker Stands, S.A. Graham, R.P. Harrison

Aspen Bibliography

Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata) is an upland species that reaches its best development on relatively moist, loamy and sandy soils. Following logging of this tree, reproduction is almost invariably by root suckers which, in clear-cuttings, appear in profusion. Because these suckers are supported by the fully developed root systems of the parent trees, they grow at an almost unbelievably rapid rate on both good and poor sites. As a result it is impossible to recognize site quality from their growth rate alone. For this reason other indicators of site are needed in order to judge the potentialities of …

Bulletin No. 375 - Eradication Of Mule Ear With Herbicides And Its Relation To Production Of Forage On Range Lands, D. C. Tingey, C. Wayne Cook

UAES Bulletins

Mule ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) , also known as green dock and black sunflower, is a tufted perennial with smooth waxy leaves and a thick woody taproot. It reproduces only by seed, yet it is aggressive, and once it becomes established it is highly competitive.

Cattle seldom eat mule ear when other forage is available; however, sheep eat the heads when in full bloom and occasionally consume a small quantity of the young leaves before they completely unfold. Since mule ear is relatively unpalatable, it increases in density with continued heavy use of the range and in some cases …

A Cytological Study Of The Induced Octoploid Of An Agropyron-Hordeum Hybrid, R. Bruce Ashman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The occurrence of hybrids, both interspecific and intergeneric, is frequent in the Gramineae generally (Stebbins, 1949), and is especially common in the tribe Hordeae of which both A. trachycaulum and H. jubatum are members. Intergeneric hybrids in this tribe have been studied by Stebbins et al. (1946a, and 1946b), Stebbins and Walters (1949), and Stebbins and Singh (1950) in an effort to determine true phylogenetic relationships on which to base a taxonomic classification, and results of these studies have indicated that the current taxonomic treatment of this tribe is highly artificial. Attempts to produce a perennial wheat and improve …

Determination Of Digestibility Of Lignin By Mule Deer, Robert B. Turner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The conflicting problems involving the herds of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are of major interest throughout Utah. Individuals who are affected the most are sportsmen, ranchers, fruitgrowers, sanitation engineers, home owners, federal administrators, and big game managers. Mainly, the problems arise as a result of insufficient forage, especially on the winter range. Here, factors such as increased deer numbers, decreased range productivity, severe winters, and expanded agricultural activity make more acute the problem of a naturally critical season.

Restoration of forage by artificial measures may be necessary as a management solution for certain areas. Range rehabilitation, rather than …

A Study Of Aquatic Insects Of Logan River, Utah, Daood Salman Mutlag

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The field of aquatic biology requires intensive work and investigation for getting the important insects for biologic a l studies in laboratory and for estimating the quantity needed as food for fish population in the river.

Chemical Thinning Studies On Peaches In Utah, Ramzi Mustafa Khalidy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Investigations on chemical thinning of peaches by use of blossom and post blossom sprays have been in progress since the last decade mainly in the United States, Canada, and some European countries. Horticulturists are attempting to find new means to minimize the expense of hand thinning. The high cost of the hand thinning operation has caused many growers to underestimate the importance of this practice, and as a result their orchards have fallen into the biennial bearing habit. In addition, the fruit from un-thinned orchards was not acceptable on the market since it was small in size, lacked color, and …

Effects On Urinary Metabolites Of Rats Fed Various Edible Fats, Cleve R. Winkel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For many years, substitutes for butterfat have been the subject of much controversy. Their acceptance as being nutritionally equal to butterfat has often been question. The importance of this problem lies primarily in its economic and nutritional significance.

A recent study of public attitudes toward dairy products conducted by Alfred Politz Research, Inc. for the American Dairy Association, shows that 48.4 per cent of the population believed that butter is a more nutritions food than oleomargarine. Only 6 per cent thought that oleomargarine is more nutritious while 27.2 per cent believed they are about the same. The remainder, 18.4 per …

Linkage Relationships In Group Iv In Barley, George W. Wheatley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of new and better varieties of plants through plant breeding is essential to meet certain needs of a changing world. Genetics and a knowledge of its principles are the basis for such improvement.

Barley has been used rather extensively in linkage relations studies. Its desirable characteristics are: (1) interspecific fertility and relative ease of hybridization, (2) numerous characters that are easily differentiated, (3) its commercial importance as a crop and (4) there are seven chromosome pairs in each of the four cultivated species.

More than one hundred characters in barley have been investigated. Seven linkage groups in which …

The Response Of Barley To Soil Moisture Tension And Fertilization, Mahmood Agah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley is one of the important crops in many of the irrigated regions of the world. It is an important crop in Iran for both human consumption and livestock feed. In the United States and Europe it is used for livestock feed and beverages.

The income from this crop is moderate in comparison to that from other major agricultural products.

Barley production has a definite place in the economy of the region, because it requires only a small amount of care. It can be readily grown on poor lands. One of the factors contributing to the increased acreage of barley …

Detection Of Coumarin In Seeds Involving Crosses Between Two Species Of Melilotus, William H. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sweet clover has become increasingly important as a forage and green manure crop. The main objection in recent years to sweet clover is its coumarin content, identified by a sweet odor and bitter taste, making it less desirable to farm animals. When sweet clover hay spoils, the coumarin is converted into dicoumarol which is toxic to animals, especially to ruminants. When ingested this may cause internal and/or external hemorrhages.

Phenotypic Variations Of Kochia Scoparia, Kenneth Malcolm Benson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. has had limited use as a forage crop during the past fifteen years in parts of the western United States, Canada, and Argentina. Erickson and Moxon (1947) reported kochia* to be a good emergency feed for sheep and cattle during dry years in South Dakota. Salguero (1946) said that this species could be utilized in Argentina as silage or pasturage if harvested before flowering. Bell, et al. (1952) in Saskatoon, Canada studied this species in a comparison with other introduced plants and reported that it seemed to have desirable nutrient characteristics for livestock roughage. Plummer …

Lactation Curves Of Holstein Cows As Influenced By Age, Gestation, And Season Of Freshening, George Edward Patterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactation curves of dairy cows have been studied by dairy scientists for many years. The effects of various hereditary end non-hereditary influences on the lactation curve have been observed. Factors have been developed to standardize production to a common basis, correcting for differences in age, length of lactation, milking per day, gestation and environment.

An Economic Evaluation Of Feeding Sucrose To Beef And Swine Prior To Slaughter, Douglas C. Strong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Animal feeding rations have long included carbohydrates as a primary constituent. Grains are included in most animal fattening rations, and the by-products of sugar beets have been used f or many years in livestock feeding (Kutish 1950 b). The use of molasses in commercial feed mixes in 1899 made possible its extended use in animal feeding practices (Hall 1950).

A Study Of The Winter Foraging Habits Of Mule Deer In Enclosures In Northern Utah With A Test Of The Half-And-Half Sampling Technique, Donald R. Flook

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mule deer provide recreational bunting to a large number of sportsmen in Utah, and also have a high aesthetic value.

Prior to settlement, deer are believed to have wintered in the valleys and lower foothill areas. However, in northern Utah agricultural development bas removed many valleys and lower foothill areas from the available winter range. The winter deer range in this area has therefore been restricted to a relatively small area of foothill country, and low elevation mountain slopes and benches.

An Economic Evaluation Of Selected Treatments For Avian Botulism In Waterfowl On Utah Marshes, 1953-54, Donald A. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Each year thousands of western waterfowl succumb to disease, predators, mechanical injury and other decimating factors . Based on a review of records it is conservatively estimated that an average of 25,000 ducks have succumbed to botulism on western marsh areas annually.

In a recent study, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service valued each duck and goose at $8.00 (McLeod, 1950). Applying this value to the estimated annual numerical loss, a total of $200,000 has been lost each season in mortality of western waterfowl from botulism. Control of this malady would reduce annual waterfowl and monetary losses.

Prevention and …

Seeds In The Forest Floor Of The Ponderosa Pine Type, James T. Krygier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Regeneration of forest stands is often complicated by the establishment and competition of brush on logged and burned-over areas. The encroachment of brush in the ponderosa pine type of Idaho, particularly Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. presents a difficult problem to the forest manager. The brush competition severely reduces the growth rate of associated trees, thus extending the period necessary to grow a crop of trees. This situation may seriously limit the economic production of a wood crop of ponderosa pine.

Seedling Establishment Of Alfalfa Comparing Four Varieties, Three Fungicides And Two Inoculums, Ronald Brown Foster

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The establishment of alfalfa is expensive and good initial stands permit the farmer to secure high yields and spread establishment costs over several years, Of the factors involved: seedbed preparation, fertilization, seed viability, method of planting, and water application are controlled by the farmer, On the other hand, beneficial and detrimental microflora are not so easily controlled because practices aimed at controlling the detrimental microflora may also destroy the beneficial.

Factors In The Development And Restoration Of Waterfowl Habitat At Ogden Bay Refuge Weber County, Utah, Noland F. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Millions of acres of marshland have been destroyed by the industrial and agricultural development of this continent. Drainage, water diversion, land leveling, and some other factors which destroyed waterfowl habitat were in most instances essential steps in man's progress; but water pollution, unwise drainage, and other soil and water abuses were tragic and unessential steps in our history of land exploitation that have destroyed vast acreages of habitat. The future of waterfowl on this continent hinges upon the success of restoration or new marsh development to replace this destroyed habitat.

The Use Of Lactic Acid In The Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese From Milk Containing An Antibiotic, Elmer George Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The manufacture of cheddar cheese is greatly dependent on bacterial growth for acid production. The quality of cheese depends upon the type and extent of microbial activity.

An important function of the lactic fermenting bacteria is the production of acid resulting from cellular metabolism. If little or no acid is production of acid resulting from cellular metabolism. If little or no acid is produced the resulting cheese will have an inferior body, flavor, and texture and may even cause the cheese to be used as grinders.

The Biology And Seasonal Distribution Of Eucalliphora Lilaea (Walker) In Cache County, Utah, Robert P. Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The association of: flies with man has been recorded through many centuries. In nearly all of these records the association is one of discord rather than harmony. In the Book of Exodus, 8:24, in the King James version of the Old Testament, we can read, "...and there came grievous swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses; and in all the land of Egypt the land was corrupted by reason of the swarms of flies." Centuries later the "grievous swarms of flies" 'were associated with a particular disease by Mercurialis. In 1577 he expressed the …

Survey And Evaluation Of Big Game Exclosures In Utah, Stanford Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An "exclosure" is defined by Daubenmore (1940) as an experimental area which is protected from the activities of a particular class of animals by a barrier such as a fence or screen thereby controlling a single factor of environment, namely, the animal influence.

Several different types of exclosures are employed by the land management agencies in Utah. Small portable "paddocks" a few feet square are extensively used to gauge seasonal grazing pressure by livestock. Permanently fenced areas, ranging up to many acres in size, serve to demonstrate the effects of livestock use on the range. Another modification is the "big …

Evaluation Of Stream Bottom Fauna Sampling Techniques As Used In The Logan River, Donald C. Hales

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the square-foot bottom sampler was described by Surber (1937) it has been the principle instrument used for quantitative studies of the bottom fauna in riffle areas of streams. However, little has been written concerning the actual number of square-foot samples necessary to describe stream bottom fauna in terms of the number or volume of organisms.