Life Sciences Commons^™

Bulletin No. 215 - Cost Reduction In Dry-Farming In Utah, P. V. Cardon

UAES Bulletins

Major economic influences, known to be affecting farming generally throughout the United states, are forcing the adoption of cost-reduction methods in dry-farming practice in Utah.

The methods of cost reduction that are being adopted include (a) cultural methods involving the control of weeds, preparation of the seedbed, the treatment of seed for the control of smut, and the use of superior strains or varieties of wheat, all of which are expected to reduce the cost per bushel by increasing the acre-yield; and (b) the more economical use of labor and equipment on the area farmed. The area farmed may be …

Bulletin No. 213 - Food Habits Of Utah Farm Families, Almeda Perry Brown

UAES Bulletins

This report is merely an attempt to set forth the findings of the investigation without making claim to their being conclusive except for the families included in the study. While the study was carried into a relatively large portion of the state, the records are too few in number for any claim to be made that they represent community food conditions. It is believed, however, that the records which form the basis of this report are representative of the food situation in the homes from which they come.

Bulletin No. 211 - Silage Corn Varieties For Utah, George Stewart, A. L. Wilson

UAES Bulletins

Utah is rapidly developing an important dairy industry. In addition to homegrown hay and grain, there must be some form of succulence. Pasturage is the common way of furnishing fresh feed in summer. In certain regions, silage and beet pulp are the winter forms. With a scarcity of beet pulp, silage corn is likely to be an important crop in the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake Valleys, where corn does well. The data presented in this publication are related to the choice of a corn variety for ensilage.

Bulletin No. 205 - The Beet Leafhopper In Utah: A Study Of Its Distribution And The Occurrence Of Curly-Top, George F. Knowlton

UAES Bulletins

The sugar-beet industry of Utah, and many other western states, has suffered enormous losses from curly-top. Under natural conditions this disease is transmitted, so far as known, solely through the feeding of the beet leafhopper, Eutettix tenellus (Baker), the so-called "white fly." The serious damage of 1924 and 1926 has especially emphasized the necessity for more knowledge concerning the problem.

Bulletin No. 206 - Treehopper Injury In Utah Orchards, Charles J. Sorenson

UAES Bulletins

Treehopper injury is a problem that has given many fruit growers in Utah some concern during recent years. These people have observed that their young fruit trees and the twigs and smaller branches of older trees have been attacked during the autumn of each year in a manner that produced numerous cuts which later formed scars. The trees frequently became unthrifty, and more or less deformed and stunted, as a result of these annual attacks.

The investigation reported in this publication was made for the purpose of ascertaining the present status of the treehopper situation in Utah orchards.

Bulletin No. 203 - Cattle Ranching In Utah: Report Of A Preliminary Economic Survey Of The Ranch Situations As Of 1925, William Peterson, P. V. Cardon, K. C. Ikeler, Geroge Stewart, A. C. Esplin

UAES Bulletins

The Mexican War ended in 1846, but the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was not signed until 1848. Meantime, Utah was occupied by the Mormon pioneers, who having no land laws to guide them took land according to a plan furnished by Brigham Young. In Salt Lake City 10-acre blocks were divided into 8 building lots of 1 1/4 acres each. Just at the edge of the city were "five acre lots to accommodate mechanics and artisans; next beyond were 10-acre lots, followed by forty and eighty acres, where farmers could build and reside."

Bulletin No. 202 - Some Observations On Winter Injury In Utah Peach Orchards, T. H. Abell

UAES Bulletins

During the winter following the freeze, fruit growers in Utah were deeply concerned over the effects of the cold on their orchards, since it was observed that not only were fruit buds killed, but the tissues of the trunks, limbs, and twigs were turning brown. The question at once arose as to whether or not this browning indicated the approaching death of the trees. It was, therefore, considered important to determine, if possible, the nature and extent of the damage, to discover any factor which might have favored or lessened the injury, and finally to offer suggestions to the orchardist …

Bulletin No. 199 - Mutual Irrigation Companies In Utah, Wells A. Hutchins

UAES Bulletins

Cooperation has been an important factor in the development of agriculture under irrigation in Utah. The Mormon pioneers in the Great Basin were the first Anglo-Saxons to practice irrigation on an extensive scale in the United States; hence, it is significant that from the first their irrigation work was accomplished largely as a result of community effort. Private diversions of water there were, of course, even in the earliest times, but for years they were quite out of place in an environment that took quick toll of those individualists who scorned the protection of numbers and refused to cooperate. The …

Bulletin No. 193 - Cache County Water Conservation District No. 1, William Peterson, G. D. Clyde, D. S. Jennings, M. D. Thomas, Karl Harris

UAES Bulletins

Cache County Water Conservation District No. 1 lies on the west side of the valley about eight miles from and a little northwest of Logan, Cache County, Utah. Figure 1 shows the location of the project with respect to Salt Lake, Ogden, Brigham City, Logan, and Cache County. Cache County, with a population in 1920 of 27,000 people, is located in the north-central part of the state and occupies the greater part of the fertile Cache Valley. Cache County Water Conservation District No.1 includes 8490.78 acres (of which 7373.38 acres are allotted water) and extends from Bear River and its …

Bulletin No. 181 - Duty-Of-Water Investigations On Coal Creek, Utah, Arthur Fife

UAES Bulletins

Coal Creek flows from the west slope of the part of the Wasatch Mountain range which is located in the southeast part of Iron County, Utah. Its drainage area is almost 100 square miles.

Seasonal and daily stream-flow fluctuations are very pronounced. During the high water of spring the flow has reached more than 600 second-feet. At the time of high water, the daily fluctuations are the greatest. During the low water season in July and August, the flow has dropped as low as 12 second-feet since 1917, when accurate records were first kept; and, from the accounts of early …

Bulletin No. 177 - Some Types Of Irrigation Farming In Utah, E. B. Brossard

UAES Bulletins

As ordinarily used "type of farming" suggests general contrasts in the nature of farm business. The bases used in making these contrasts are: (1) sources of farm income, (2) number of farm enterprises, (3) amount of labor, capital, and management applied to each acre of land, and (4) farm practice with reference to maintenance of soil fertility. When based on sources of farm income, farms are classified as grain farms, hay farms, fruit farms, dairy farms, etc., according to the proportionate magnitude of the income from the different sources. When the number of farm enterprises is used as the basis, …

Bulletin No. 175 - Sixteen Years Of Dry Farm Experiments In Utah, F. S. Harris, A. F. Bracken, I. J. Jensen

UAES Bulletins

The demand for reliable information on dry-farming is increasing every year. As the area that is being cropped by dry-farm methods extends to less favorable regions, it becomes necessary to utilize the most effective methods of culture. In choice dry-farm sections crops may be produced without special care; but when an attempt is made to farm where the rainfall is low or where other conditions are not favorable, it becomes necessary to use every possible means of moisture conservation in order to get satisfactory yields.

Since the demand for information is so insistent, it seems desirable at this time to …

Bulletin No. 174 - A Variety Survey And Descriptive Key Of Small Grains In Utah, George Stewart

UAES Bulletins

Standardization of the varieties of small-grains in Utah is highly important. A mixed condition of grain causes both direct loss and inconvenience. The loss comes about in two principal ways: (1) by the decreased yields resulting from mixed grain, and (2) by the lower price paid for each bushel of mixed grain. This latter loss is especially noticeable in wheat on account of the grading system which penalizes mixed wheat by reducing the grade or by barring it from one of the six market classes and designating it as "mixed" wheat. The inconvenience arises from the fact that some varieties …

Bulletin No. 172 - The Value Of Barnyard Manure On Utah Soils, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

New countries rarely appreciate the value of barnyard manure. It is not until the soil begins to be depleted of its fertility and the yield of crops begins to decline that manure is given the attention that its value justifies. In new countries it is not uncommon to see manure hauled into a rut in the road or left in scattered heaps along the roadside or the ditch bank. Often a year's accumulation of manure is drawn out of the barn or corral in scrapers and added to a pile containing the accumulation of previous years.

Bulletin No. 173 - The Duty Of Water In Cache Valley, Utah, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The greater part of this bulletin is devoted to a report of experiments on the relation of the amount of irrigation water applied to the yield of crops. As the agriculture of Utah develops, it becomes more obvious each year that the chief factors limiting the production of crops is irrigation water. It is desirable, therefore, to have available all possible information on the subject. Water is so scarce that none should be wasted either directly or by attempting to spread it over so much land that it is not economically applied. Wasteful extravagance on the one hand and undue …

Bulletin No. 171 - Alfalfa Seed Growing And The Weather: With Particular Reference To Conditions In Utah, J. Cecil Alter

UAES Bulletins

The demand for alfalfa seed has far outrun domestic production. Since the labor and expense of producing the crop are light, and the profits attractive in favorable years, a desire is manifest wherever alfalfa is grown, to save a crop for seed whenever the meteorological elements favor its setting and maturing. Climate is generally acknowledged to be the limiting factor in alfalfa seed production, and the current weather the major factor affecting the yearly yields.

Bulletin No. 166 - The Climate Of Utah, Frank L. West, N. E. Edlefsen

UAES Bulletins

Climate is of interest and importance to the scientist in general. It is particularly important to the investigator in the field of agriculture because growing crops are affected quite as much by sunlight, heat, rain, and frost as by the fertility of the soil. In field investigations these factors must be determined and reckoned with.

Bulletin No. 163 - Composition Of The Irrigation Waters Of Utah, J. E. Greaves, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

Analytical work which has so far been published on the composition of the irrigation waters of the Intermountain Region indicates a wide variation in their composition. Some are exceptionally pure, being nearly free from alkali, and may be used without fear of injury to soils; others contain larger quantities of alkali and must be used with care; still others are so heavily charged with soluble salts that they must be used with extreme caution, otherwise the growing crop will be injured and in time the soil rendered unfit for agricultural purposes. The land then must be either reclaimed or abandoned, …

Bulletin No. 160 - Important Factors In The Operation Of Irrigated Utah Farms, E. B. Brossard

UAES Bulletins

Two agricultural problems that are fundamental and of prime importance to the people of Utah are:

1. The development to maximum economic agricultural production of those farms now operated.

2. The agricultural development of the many thousands of acres of new land in the state.

A realization of the importance of these problems caused this investigation to be made. The purpose of it is as follows :

1. To determine what has been the experience of practical farmers, relative to the most profitable systems of farm management on irrigated Utah farms, and to suggest profitable future development of the existing …

Bulletin No. 145 - Soil Alkali Studies: Quantities Of Alkali Salts Which Prohibit The Growth Of Crops In Certain Utah Soils, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

One of the most important questions connected with the alkali problem in arid soils is the determination of the limits of toxicity of the various alkali salts. The author has already presented considerable data on this subject; but most of these results were obtained under laboratory conditions and with the use of pure salts. The combinations of salts used were not necessarily the combinations found in actual field conditions. It seemed desirable, therefore, to extend these studies to the field in order to determine the exact concentration of the various alkalis that prohibits growth in crops. A study of this …

Bulletin No. 136 - The Commercial Production Of Sugar Beet Seed In Utah, Frank S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

History of the beet sugar industry: The production of sugar from beets is a new industry when compared with the length of time that most kinds of crops have been used by man. It was only about 150 years ago that sugar was extracted from beets even in the laboratory, and at that time the percentage of sugar was so low that the expense of extracting was more than the sugar was worth. Just a little more than 100 years ago the first beet sugar factories were built, but it was nearly fifty years after this time before the industry …

Bulletin No. 131 - Variety Tests Of Field Crops In Utah, Frank S. Harris, J. C. Hogenson

UAES Bulletins

The number of varieties of practically all the field crops is now very great, and is increasing every year. Each variety has certain growers who believe in it and who do what they can to make it more widely grown. As a result many varieties of crops are found in most every farming community.

This condition is often bad, since it is impossible to build up a good market with a great mixture of varieties of any crop. A much better price can be obtained if each community offers for sale large quantities of a few standard types, rather than …

Bulletin No. 125 - The Chemical Milling And Bake Value Of Utah Wheats, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

The Chemical Department of the Utah Experiment Station, since 1903, has been conducting investigations regarding the value of different wheats grown in the State. The results obtained during the years 1903 to 1906 were published as Bulletin No. 103 of this station. A special investigation in 1910 regarding the influence of the combined harvester on the value of the wheat was conducted and the results obtained issued as Bulletin No. 113. The results reported in the following pages were obtained during the progress of these investigations during the years 1907, 1908, and 1909. The method of milling the samples of …

Bulletin No. 107 - Improvement Of Utah Horses, John T. Caine Iii, H. J. Frederick

UAES Bulletins

Horse breeding in Utah, with some exceptions, has been carried on in a hap-hazard manner, and unsound horses of doubtful breeding have been purchased at high prices and have proven of little value. Where good blood has been introduced the temporary improvement has been marked, but as this work has not been followed up with care, results have not been lasting.

In spite of bad breeding, however, the standard of Utah horses has been advancing so that in western markets they command high pries. The climate, soil, feed and general conditions throughout the state make it an ideal place for …

Bulletin No. 91 - Arid Farming In Utah: First Report Of The State Experimental Arid Farms, John A. Widtsoe, Lewis A. Merrill

UAES Bulletins

The present high position of Utah among the great commonwealths is due to the practice of irrigation. According to the last census, about 983 square miles are now being irrigated; and yet only a small fraction of Utah's water supply is used for purposes of irrigation. With the adoption of improved methods of using water, and the construction of mighty reservoirs to store the floods of spring, the irrigated area in this State will be largely increased. It is not at all improbable that in time the water supply may be made to irrigate ten times the area now under …

Bulletin No. 88 - The Relation Of Smelter Smoke To Utah Agriculture, John A. Widtsoe

UAES Bulletins

Utah's position among the great commonwealths depends upon the degree of development of the agricultural industry of the State. As a producer of wealth, however, the mining industry exceeds agriculture. The total annual value of Utah farm products is about $17,000,000.00, while the total output from the mines is valued at $34,000,000.00. The operation of the mines, reduction mills and smelters necessitates the employment of large numbers of people, who swell the population of the State, and consume a large part of its agricultural products. Utah, which is an inland State, possessing as yet few large manufacturing enterprises, finds the …

Bulletin No. 72 - A Soil Survey In Salt Lake Valley, Utah, Frank D. Gardner, John Stewart

UAES Bulletins

Beginning in July, 1899, four months were spent in a thorough and detailed study of that portion of the Salt Lake Valley lying west of the Jordan River, the object being to map the soils with reference to their character and to the extent of, and damage from, "alkali" and seepage waters. The soils were classified according to their texture, and the waters examined with reference to their quality for irrigation purposes. The soils were further studied with reference to their "alkali" content and its effect in varying amounts upon the crops and vegetation. The methods of irrigation were looked …

Bulletin No. 63 - Sugar Beets In Sanpete And Sevier Counties, Luther Foster

UAES Bulletins

The co-operative experiments in sugar beet culture for the past season were confined to the farmers of Sanpete and Sevier counties. They were carried on in conjunction with an organization formed by the citizens of the two counties and known as the Sanpete-Sevier Sugar Company. This association was organized at a delegate convention, held at Gunnison Feb. 17, 1899, which was composed of the representatives from all of the principal settlements in the two counties. Bishop Christian A. Madsen, the chief promoter of the movement was chosen president of the company, Mr. C. A. Short secretary, and Mr. Thomas Kearnes, …

Bulletin No. 53 - Utah Sugar Beets (1897), John A. Widtsoe

UAES Bulletins

Although the success of the Utah Sugar Co. has proved that sugar beets can be raised profitably in Utah, the farmer of the State, as well as others who are interested in the erection of sugar factories, desire a more accurate knowledge of the possibilities of the sugar beet in the various parts of the State, than can be obtained from isolated and uncontrolled tests. The Utah Experiment Station carried on, therefore, during the season of 1897, a co-operative sugar beet experiment with the farmers of Utah.