Life Sciences Commons^™

The Link Between Dietary Glycemic Index And Nutrient Adequacy, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Annette E. Buyken, Jennie C. Brand-Miller, Victoria M. Flood

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Low-glycemic index (low-GI) diets may be less nutritious because of limited food choices. Alternately, high-GI diets could be less healthful because of a higher intake of refined carbohydrate. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the association between dietary GI, intakes of carbohydrates from high-GI (CHO(high GI)) and low-GI (CHO(low GI)) sources, and the risk of nutrient inadequacy in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Children, aged 2-16 y, who provided 2 plausible 24-h recalls in a national survey were included (n = 4140). The ORs of not meeting the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Subjects …

Reporting Of Dietary Assessment Methods And Use Of Information Technology In Food-Based Randomised Controlled Trials, Yasmine Probst

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The range of randomised controlled trials reported in the scientific literature is extensive. A systematic literature review was conducted with the aim of determining how dietary assessment methods were reported and the use of assisted technologies. OVID (Medline, PreMedline, PsychINFO, Cochrane, ERIC and Cynahl) and ScienceDirect databases 2000- 2010 were searched for food-based parallel randomised controlled trials in humans. Studies relating to drug testing, vitamin or mineral supplements, enteral or parenteral nutrition and behavioural/educational interventions were excluded. Meal replacement studies were included. A total of 1364 abstracts were reviews and 347 studies identified. Additional articles referred to in the methods …

Seven Out Of Ten Most Popular Vegetables Remain Top Choice During First 3 Months Of A 12 Month Weight Loss Dietary Intervention Trial, Jane O'Shea, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Sara Grafenauer, Linda Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasing vegetable consumption is part of dietary advice for weight loss, but how this converts to vegetable choices is not known. In this context, our aim was to identify the main vegetable groups reported by the study sample in the Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Trial [ACTRN1260000784011] at baseline (Oct 2010-Feb 2011) and after 3mo (Feb - May 2011). Data from diet histories (DH) were analyzed using the AUSNUT 2007 database in Foodworks (Xyris, version 6.0.2562) to determine the average daily amount (g) of vegetables consumed by the study sample. Baseline DH (n=113 subjects; 85 female) exposed 32 vegetable categories. The …

Dietary Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus Edodes) Prevents Fat Deposition And Lowers Triglyceride In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, D Handayani, J-Z Chen, Barbara J. Meyer, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity. This study examined the effects of Shiitake mushroom on the prevention of alterations of plasma lipid profiles, fat deposition, energy efficiency, and body fat index induced by HFD. Rats were given a low, medium, and high (7, 20, 60 g/kg = LD-M, MD-M, HD-M) Shiitake mushroom powder in their high-fat (50% in kcal) diets for 6 weeks. The results showed that the rats on the HD-M diet had the lowest body weight gain compared to MD-M and LD-M groups (P < 0.05). The total fat deposition was significantly lower (-35%, P < 0.05) in rats fed an HD-M diet than that of HFD group. Interestingly, plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level was significantly lower (-55%, P < 0.05) in rats on HD-M than HFD. This study also revealed the existence of negative correlations between the amount of Shiitake mushroom supplementation and body weight gain, plasma TAG, and total fat masses.

Influence Of Dietary Modifications On The Blood Pressure Response To Antihypertensive Medication, Catherine E. Huggins, Claire Margerison, Anthony Worsley, Caryl A. Nowson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Identifying dietary modifications that potentiate the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of antihypertensive medications and that are practical for free-living people may assist in achieving BP reduction goals. We assessed whether two dietary patterns were effective in lowering BP in persons on antihypertensive therapy and in those not on therapy. Ninety-four participants (38/56 females/males), aged 55·6 (SD 9·9) years, consumed two 4-week dietary regimens in random order (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet and low-Na high-K (LNAHK) diet) with a control diet before each phase. Seated home BP was measured daily for the last 2 weeks in each phase. Participants …

Increased Intake Of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Does Not Promote Whole Body Or Preferential Abdominal Fat Mass Loss In Overweight Adults, Sze-Yen Tan, Marijka Batterham, Linda Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: There is evidence that increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a diet can enhance the rate of fat oxidation acutely. Higher PUFA in a diet has also been associated with greater abdominal fat loss in longer term studies. This study aimed to investigate if higher PUFA intake would result in greater fat mass loss over a 12-week period, mainly from the abdominal region.

Methods: Data at the 12-week time point from two weight loss studies, both comparing high PUFA versus low PUFA diets was, accessed for 141 overweight subjects from the same area. Specifically, data on …

Dietary Glycaemic Index And Glycaemic Load Among Australian Children And Adolescents, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Anette E. Buyken, Kristina Heyer, Victoria M. Flood

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There are no published data regarding the overall dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of Australian children and adolescents. We therefore aim to describe the dietary GI and GL of participants of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS), and to identify the main foods contributing to their GL. Children, aged 2–16 years, who provided two 24 h recalls in the 2007ANCNPAS were included. A final dataset of 4184 participants was analysed. GI of each food item was assigned using a previously published method. GL was calculated, and food groups contributing to the GL …

Dietary Behaviours During Pregnancy: Findings From First-Time Mothers In Southwest Sydney, Australia, Li Ming Wen, Judy Simpson, Christopher Rissel, Victoria M. Flood, Louise Baur

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Limited prevalence data are available for nutrition related health behaviours during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess dietary behaviours during pregnancy among first-time mothers, and to investigate the relationships between these behaviours and demographic characteristics, so that appropriate dietary intervention strategies for pregnant women can be developed. Method: An analysis of cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from 409 first-time mothers at 26-36 weeks of pregnancy, who participated in the Healthy Beginnings Trial conducted in southwestern Sydney, Australia. Dietary behaviours, including consumption of vegetables, fruit, water, milk, soft drinks, processed meat products, fast foods/take away and chips, were assessed …

Urinary Sodium Excretion, Dietary Sources Of Sodium Intake And Knowledge And Practices Around Salt Use In A Group Of Healthy Australian Women, Karen E. Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Fiona Houweling, Sophie Guenon

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Strategies that aim to facilitate reduction of the salt content of foods in Australia are hampered by sparse and outdated data on habitual salt intakes. This study assessed habitual sodium intake through urinary excretion analyses, and identified food sources of dietary sodium, as well as knowledge and practices related to salt use in healthy women. Methods: Cross-sectional, convenient sample of 76 women aged 20 to 55 years, Wollongong, NSW. Data included a 24 hour urine sample, three-day food diary and a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Mean Na excretion equated to a NaCl (salt) intake of 6.41 (SD=2.61) g/day; 43% had …

Dietary Fish Oil Reduces Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Consumption, Provides Fatigue Resistance And Improves Contractile Recovery In The Rat In Vivo Hindlimb, Gregory E. Peoples, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dietary fish oil modulates skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition. Similar changes in heart membrane composition modulate myocardial oxygen consumption and enhance mechanical performance. The rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb was used to investigate the influence of membrane composition on skeletal muscle function. Male Wistar rats were fed either saturated fat (SF), n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid rich) or n-3 PUFA (fish oil) diets for 8 weeks. Hindlimb skeletal muscle perfused using the animal’s own blood was stimulated via the sciatic nerve (1 Hz, 6-12 V, 0·05 ms) to contract in repeated 10 min bouts. The n-3 PUFA diet markedly …

Short Term Effects Of Energy Restriction And Dietary Fat Sub-Type On Weight Loss And Disease Risk Factors, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Sze Yen Tan, Grigorijs Teuss, Karen E. Charlton, Jane E. O'Shea, Eva M. Warensjo

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background and aims: Decreasing energy intake relative to energy expenditure is the indisputable tenet of weight loss. In addition to caloric restriction modification of the type of dietary fat may provide further benefits. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of energy restriction alone and with dietary fat modification on weight loss and adiposity, as well as on risk factors for obesity related disease. Methods and results: One-hundred and fifty overweight men and women were randomized into a 3 month controlled trial with four low fat (30% energy) dietary arms: (1) isocaloric (LF); (2) isocaloric with …

Comparison Of Multiple And Novel Measures Of Dietary Glycemic Carbohydrate With Insulin Resistant Status In Older Women, Therese O'Sullivan, Alexandra P. Bremner, Sheila O'Neill, Philippa M. Lyons-Wall

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Previous epidemiological investigations of associations between dietary glycemic intake and insulin resistance have used average daily measures of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). We explored multiple and novel measures of dietary glycemic intake to determine which was most predictive of an association with insulin resistance. Methods: Usual dietary intakes were assessed by diet history interview in women aged 42-81 years participating in the Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women. Daily measures of dietary glycemic intake (n = 329) were carbohydrate, GI, GL, and GL per megacalorie (GL/Mcal), while meal based measures (n = 200) were breakfast, lunch …

Unveiling Dietary Fads And Trends In Weight Management, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca L. Thorne

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Weight management plays an important role in the risk reduction of lifestyle disease and may be adequately addressed through the diet. Fad diets are short term, often have little or no scientific substantiation and often negatively affect health outcomes. Many fad diet approaches such as Atkins, Zone, the Ornish and the Southbeach do not allow for the minimal energy needs to be met and resultantly the weight loss effects are from fluid and muscle loss rather than fat loss. When selecting an appropriate diet for weight management, a balance of all food groups and nutrients need to be considered. Of …

Contribution Of Australian Cardiologists, General Practitioners And Dietitians To Adult Cardiac Patients' Dietary Behavioural Change, Sylvia Pomeroy, Anthony Worsley

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aim: To investigate the use of behavioural change techniques by cardiologists, general practitioners and dietitians in adult cardiac patients within 12 months of their cardiac event. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional surveys. Frequency analyses were conducted on the respondents’ answers to questionnaire items. Chi-squared test of independence compared responses of the three professional groups on the questionnaire items. Analyses of variance were conducted to explore the impact of the independent variables: age, sex and time worked on the behavioural change techniques used by the respondents. Results: The respondents included 248 general practitioners (30% response), 189 cardiologists (47% response) and 180 dietitians (60% …

Dietary Pufa Intakes In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Ka-Hung Ng, Barbara Meyer, Lauren Reece, Natalie Sinn

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research has shown associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and erythrocyte long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) levels, with limited evidence for dietary LC n-3 PUFA intake and ADHD. The aims of the present study were to assess dietary PUFA intakes and food sources in children with ADHD, to compare these intakes to previously published Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS) data and determine any relationships between intakes and ADHD symptoms. Eighty-six 3-d-weighed food records (FR) were analysed from children with ADHD. The median (interquartile range) daily intakes of fatty acids (mg/d) were: linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6), 7797 (6240–12 333); arachidonic …

Comparison Of Computerised Dietary Assessments With Diet History And Food Record Data At Baseline In An Australian Food-Based Clinical Trial, Yasmine Probst, Virva Sarmas, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Food-based clinical trials are vital to advance the scientific evidence for the impact of food on health. These trials reqUire stringent dietary assessment to substantiate effects. We are evaluating the use of a self-administered computerised dietary assessment (DietAdvice) in a current food based weight loss trial. Objective: This cross sectional study aims to compare data from DietAdvice with diet history (DH) and food record (FR) dietary assessments measured at baseline. Materials and Methods: Baseline data for n=71 overweight (23-60 years, BMI 25-37 kg/m2) participants was utilised. Macronutrient data for matched dietary assessments from n=32 participants was obtained for the …

Dietary Fatty Acids And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older people. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors which could prevent or slow the progression of this chronic disease. Dietary fatty acid intakes have been investigated in epidemiological studies as it is plausible that individual lipids have properties which modulate cellular damage in the eye. This paper reviews epidemiological studies investigating links between fatty acids and AMD. Mixed evidence has related the sub-types of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids to AMD, but nearly all epidemiological studies have demonstrated some level of AMD protection from …

Bone Mineral Density And Content During Weight Cycling In Female Rats: Effects Of Dietary Amylase-Resistant Starch, Ian L. Brown, Hasina Ambia-Sobhan, Abigail E. Huang, Sue A. Shapses, Sugeet Jagpal, John D. Bogden, Francis W. Kemp, Anne M. Birkett

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although there is considerable evidence for a loss of bone mass with weight loss, the few human studies on the relationship between weight cycling and bone mass or density have differing results. Further, very few studies assessed the role of dietary composition on bone mass during weight cycling. The primary objective of this study was to determine if a diet high in amylase-resistant starch (RS2), which has been shown to increase absorption and balance of dietary minerals, can prevent or reduce loss of bone mass during weight cycling. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=84, age = 20 weeks) …

The Relevance Of The Heart Foundation Of Australia's Dietary Recommendations For Adult Australians: A Comparison Of Views Of General Practitioners, Cardiologists And Dietitians, Francis A. Worsley, Sylvia Pomeroy

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: To compare the views of general practitioners, cardiologists and dietitians about the relevance of the Heart Foundation of Australias dietary recommendations for adult cardiac patients. Basic procedures: Quantitative-cross sectional study. Postal questionnaires were self-completed by 248 Victorian general practitioners (30% response), 189 Australia-wide cardiologists (47% response) and 180 Victorian dietitians (45% response). Responses were represented as percentages and analyses of variance were conducted to explore the impact of the independent variables: age, work status and gender on the dependent variable: dietary recommendation. Main findings: Approximately half of the recommendations were viewed as strongly important to implement; these related to …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of …

Dietary Validation Of A New Australian Food-Frequency Questionnaire That Estimates Long-Chain N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Bethany L. Sullivan, Janelle Brown, Peter Williams, Barbara Meyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Currently, there is no FFQ designed to capture the intakes of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. The objectives of this study were to validate a new LC n-3 PUFA FFQ by comparison with 3 d weighed food records (FR) and to determine its reproducibility assessed 4 to 6 weeks apart. Healthy male and female subjects (n 53) were recruited from Wollongong and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The FFQ and FR were analysed for LC n-3 PUFA intakes using a nutrient analysis software package and these intakes were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Spearman …

Dietary Fats And Macular Degeneration, Victoria M. Flood

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Atherosclerosis in the blood vision and common eye diseases do not support any adverse vessels of the eye has been in non-institutionalised residents, associations between high proposed as a possible 49 years or older, living in Blue intakes of dietary fats or mechanism underlying macular Mountains area, west of Sydney. sub-types of fats and the degeneration, which has raised Dietary data were collected from incidence of either early or the possibility that different 2895 people at baseline using late age-related macular dietary fats may increase or a validated food frequency degeneration. However, this decrease risk. Several recent questionnaire. Incidence of …

Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda J. Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra J. Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Dietary Fats And Membrane Function: Implications For Metabolism And Disease, Anthony J. Hulbert, Nigel Turner, Leonard H. Storlein, Paul Else

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Lipids play varied and critical roles in metabolism, with function dramatically modulated by the individual fatty acid moities in complex lipid entities. In particular, the fatty acid composition of membrane lipids greatly influences membrane function. Here we consider the role of dietary fatty acid profile on membrane composition and, in turn, its impact on prevalent disease clusters of the metabolic syndrome and mental illness. Applying the classical physiological conformer-regulator paradigm to quantify the influence of dietary fats on membrane lipid composition (i.e. where the membrane variable is plotted against the same variable in the environment - in this case dietary …

Erythrocyte Biomarker-Based Validation Of A Diet History Method Used In A Dietary Intervention Trial, Craig S. Patch, Karen J Murphy, Jackie Mansour, Linda C. Tapsell, Barbara J. Meyer, Trevor A Mori, Manny Noakes, P Clifton, I Puddey, P Howe

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Profiles Of Underreporting In Healthy Adults And Adults With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Participating In A Dietary Intervention Trial, Gina Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract from The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 2002.

Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials.

Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

Setting: Wollongong, Australia.

Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2.

Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2.

Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …