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Articles 91 - 120 of 149
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Aerobic Bacterial Transformations Of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Compounds, Ashley Marie Frank
Aerobic Bacterial Transformations Of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Compounds, Ashley Marie Frank
Doctoral Dissertations
Lignin, the most abundant aromatic polymer on earth, has been estimated to contribute ~20% of the total carbon deposited in nature and thus imparts a large influence on carbon cycling in the environment. The extraordinary abundance of carbon stored in this material renders it a desirable source of renewable carbon for a variety of applications including hydrocarbon fuels and industrial chemicals. Due to its incredibly stable architecture and entanglement with cell wall polysaccharides, however, efforts toward the conversion of lignin to high value commodities have historically been impeded. Despite this obstacle, many microbes in nature are capable of degrading lignin …
The Role Of Hearing In The Brown Anole (Anolis Sagrei, Polychrotidae): A Behavioral Perspective, Lisa Ragan Cantwell
The Role Of Hearing In The Brown Anole (Anolis Sagrei, Polychrotidae): A Behavioral Perspective, Lisa Ragan Cantwell
Doctoral Dissertations
All animals are likely to encounter a predator during their lifetime. Prey can reduce their risk of predation by recognizing dangerous situations and modifying their behavior accordingly. Many animals are known to utilize auditory predator cues to assess risk. However, lizards have historically been assumed to emphasize vision to assess risk because most species do not vocalize and, therefore, do not themselves communicate using sound. I conducted a field experiment to investigate the ability of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei, Polychrotidae) to 1) use auditory cues to evaluate predation risk and 2) distinguish between threatening and non-threatening avian …
Assessment Of Next Generation Sequencing Technologies For De Novo And Hybrid Assemblies Of Challenging Bacterial Genomes, Sagar Mukund Utturkar
Assessment Of Next Generation Sequencing Technologies For De Novo And Hybrid Assemblies Of Challenging Bacterial Genomes, Sagar Mukund Utturkar
Doctoral Dissertations
In past decade, tremendous progress has been made in DNA sequencing methodologies in terms of throughput, speed, read-lengths, along with a sharp decrease in per base cost. These technologies, commonly referred to as next-generation sequencing (NGS) are complimented by the development of hybrid assembly approaches which can utilize multiple NGS platforms. In the first part of my dissertation I performed systematic evaluations and optimizations of nine de novo and hybrid assembly protocols across four novel microbial genomes. While each had strengths and weaknesses, via optimization using multiple strategies I obtained dramatic improvements in overall assembly size and quality. To select …
Computational Perspective For Developing Bioluminescent Yeast Estrogen Screens For Environmental Toxicology, Jun Wang
Doctoral Dissertations
The impact of endocrine disruptive chemicals to human and wild life health has raised serious public health concerns through the past decades. To address this concern, much research was involved to develop tools for screening and assessing the hormonal potential of these compounds. Yeast bioluminescent bioreporter assay was one of the tools developed as the result of these past research endeavors. In this dissertation, a yeast bioluminescent bioreporter assay system was evaluated for the screening of endocrine disruptors from both experimental and computational perspectives. The yeast bioluminescent bioreporters were first standardized and applied in the comparative study of traditional activated …
Characterizing Early-Life Microbiome Functionality In Premature Infant Gut By A Metaproteomics Approach, Weili Xiong
Characterizing Early-Life Microbiome Functionality In Premature Infant Gut By A Metaproteomics Approach, Weili Xiong
Doctoral Dissertations
Microbes inhabit all parts of human body that are exposed to the environment and their interactions with human host mutually benefit each other and play significant roles in human health and diseases. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors the largest population of the microbiota and has gained broad research attention and efforts over the past decade. Colonization of the gut by microbes begins at birth and this early-life bacterial establishment can impact infants’ health and even the human health and lifestyle across an entire life span. Recent studies on community structure and composition of infant gut microbiota have revealed the species …
Computational Identification Of Terpene Synthase Genes And Their Evolutionary Analysis, Qidong Jia
Computational Identification Of Terpene Synthase Genes And Their Evolutionary Analysis, Qidong Jia
Doctoral Dissertations
Terpenoids, the largest and most structurally and functionally diverse class of natural compounds on earth, are mostly synthesized by plants to be involved in various plant environment interactions. Some terpenoids are classified as primary metabolites essential for plant growth and development. Terpene synthases (TPSs), the key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis, are the major determinant of the tremendous diversity of terpenoid carbon skeletons. The TPS genes represent a mid-size family of about 30-100 functional genes in almost all major sequenced plant genomes. TPSs are also found in fungi and bacteria, but microbial TPS genes share low levels of sequence similarity and …
Biochemistry And Evolution Of The Phytohormone-Methylating Sabath Methyltransferase In Plants, Minta Chaiprasongsuk
Biochemistry And Evolution Of The Phytohormone-Methylating Sabath Methyltransferase In Plants, Minta Chaiprasongsuk
Doctoral Dissertations
Known members of Phytohormone-methylating compounds are plant synthesis compounds that serve as attractants of other living organisms beneficial to the plants or as defense against other biotic as well as abiotic agents. To increase their fitness and survival in a stressful environment plants produce distinct sets of phytohormone-methylating compounds. Plant genomes can encode the necessary enzymes to acquire the ability to make new specialized compounds during evolution. This dissertation aims to investigate the biochemical and biological functions and evolution of SABATH genes in different lineages of plants. Black cottonwood, Brachypodium and Norway spruce genome were used as the model for …
Environmentally Driven Orchestration Of Metabolisms By Prochlorococcus Spp., Martin James Szul
Environmentally Driven Orchestration Of Metabolisms By Prochlorococcus Spp., Martin James Szul
Doctoral Dissertations
In the oligotrophic waters of the world’s open oceans physical factors such as pH, salinity, and temperature are generally stable. The nutrient limited conditions as well as the low environmental variability endemic to these ecosystems select for specialists that gain fitness advantages through minimalism, efficiency, and thrift. These physical characteristics are thought to reduce nutrient demand while allowing for constant metabolic activity and growth, but the mechanisms that promote these fitness advantages are currently unknown. To better understand how these physiologies improve selective fitness for the dominant phytoplankton, we observed metabolic parameters under environmental conditions typical to these waters. In …
Using Phylogenetics To Understand The Evolutionary Relationships Of Hibiscus Section Furcaria, Whitaker Matthew Hoskins
Using Phylogenetics To Understand The Evolutionary Relationships Of Hibiscus Section Furcaria, Whitaker Matthew Hoskins
Masters Theses
Neopolyploids constitute at least 35% of known species of angiosperms, and because polyploidization is a pertinent process in plant diversification and domestication, it is a thriving field of study. Hibiscus section Furcaria includes several groups of polyploids in addition to ten known diploid species. In previous studies genome groups for Hibiscus section Furcaria were determined through artificial hybridization experiments and patterns of biogeography were elucidated based on the distribution of diploids and polyploids. For instance, the Australian hexaploids contain 3 genomes (designated G, J, and V) and are thought to have developed from a polyploidization event between an African diploid …
Contrasting Soil Management Practice, Nitrogen Source, And Harvest Method Effects On Corn Production In Ohio And Tennessee, Casey Theresa Sullivan
Contrasting Soil Management Practice, Nitrogen Source, And Harvest Method Effects On Corn Production In Ohio And Tennessee, Casey Theresa Sullivan
Masters Theses
Current global agricultural production is completed with little regards to sustainable soil use. It is clear that the research and use of sustainable management practices must be expanded in order to preserve this natural resource. The objectives of this research were to focus on improving soil fertility and resource use efficiency by 1) evaluating farm management practices to find those that conserve soil and improve yields, 2) looking at alternative methods of fertilizing through the reuse of waste materials in agriculture. The last objective was to 3) test a more efficient method data collection and research production, resulting in more …
Diet Of And Prey Availability For Reintroduced Juvenile Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens) In Ft. Loudoun Reservoir, Tennessee, Todd Michael Amacker
Diet Of And Prey Availability For Reintroduced Juvenile Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens) In Ft. Loudoun Reservoir, Tennessee, Todd Michael Amacker
Masters Theses
After fifteen years of reintroducing juvenile Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Upper Tennessee River Basin, fisheries biologists are researching basic ecological traits of subsistent organisms. I set out to seasonally assess whether Lake Sturgeon forage opportunistically or selectively in Ft. Loudoun Reservoir. After anesthetizing individual juvenile Lake Sturgeon caught on trotlines in a 13-km reach of the reservoir, I used colonic flush and gastric lavage techniques to describe diets quantitatively. I also used two methods to assess available prey items in the study area by 1) taking systematic benthic grabs along several transects across the width of …
Evaluation Of Fungicide Efficacy Against Cercospora Sojina And Selection For Qoi-Fungicide Resistance In Soybean, Alicia Mercedes Cochran
Evaluation Of Fungicide Efficacy Against Cercospora Sojina And Selection For Qoi-Fungicide Resistance In Soybean, Alicia Mercedes Cochran
Masters Theses
Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean is caused by Cercospora sojina. In 2010, resistance to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides was reported. Since then, evaluating FLS for QoI-resistance has been of particular interest in Tennessee and other soybean-producing states. In order to determine alternative fungicide options, fungicides with solo and combination mode of action were tested in 2013-2014. The objectives were,1) to evaluate fungicide efficacy for disease control and yield protection, and 2) evaluate selection pressure for QoI-resistance. Treatments included the following fungicide groups: QoI, DMI, MBC, Chlorothalonil, QoI+DMI, SDHI+QoI, SDHI+QoI+DMI, and DMI+MBC. QoI and Chlorothalonil treatments failed …
Tennessee Consumers’ Willingness To Pay For Tennessee Wine, Connie Nichols Everett
Tennessee Consumers’ Willingness To Pay For Tennessee Wine, Connie Nichols Everett
Masters Theses
With a large and growing market, grape production and wineries are emerging in areas of the United States that have not been previously recognized as wine producing states. Tennessee is an example of such a state that has a history of limited wine grape production, but has recently seen a growing interest in state produced wines by consumers. However, there is no information regarding whether a Tennessee produced and labeled wine would impact consumers’ purchases and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for wine. The objective of this research is to determine the factors influencing consumers’ purchases of Tennessee labeled wine and to estimate …
Urbanization Impacts On Land Snail Community Composition, Mackenzie N. Hodges
Urbanization Impacts On Land Snail Community Composition, Mackenzie N. Hodges
Masters Theses
Urbanization has tremendous impacts on most native species. Urban ecosystems are becoming increasingly prevalent, while urban ecology is a relatively underdeveloped field. This is especially true for terrestrial mollusks, which are a surprisingly understudied organism. Due to their low mobility and dispersal potential, land snails are valuable indicators of ecosystem disturbance. For this study, land snails were collected in 54 city parks along an urban gradient to understand influences of urbanization on snail communities. Sampled parks include small extensively landscaped downtown parks, neighborhood and community parks, district parks, and large nature parks, each with variable vegetation, soil characteristics, disturbance regimes, …
Associations Among Perceived Motor Competence, Motor Competence, Physical Activity, And Health-Related Physical Fitness Of Children Ages 10-15 Years Old., Emily Marie Post
Associations Among Perceived Motor Competence, Motor Competence, Physical Activity, And Health-Related Physical Fitness Of Children Ages 10-15 Years Old., Emily Marie Post
Masters Theses
Purpose: To examine the associations among perceived motor competence (PMC), motor competence (MC), physical activity, and health-related physical fitness during middle childhood and early adolescence. Method: Participants were 47, 10-15 year old youth. Each participant completed two visits in East Tennessee or northwest Ohio. During these visits, the participants completed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT-2) Analysis Test for Motor Proficiency, Harter’s PMC questionnaire, and the FITNESSGRAM battery for health-related physical fitness. The Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to measure physical activity. Results: There were significant associations among health-related physical fitness and both motor percentile (rs = 0.44, p < 0.01) and PMC (r …
Estimating Avian Populations With Passive Acoustic Technology And Song Behavior, Stephanie C. Prevost
Estimating Avian Populations With Passive Acoustic Technology And Song Behavior, Stephanie C. Prevost
Masters Theses
The need for improvements in avian wildlife monitoring efficiency, accuracy, and scope has led to use of new technologies such as autonomous recording units (ARUs). As a monitoring tool, passive acoustic recording has numerous benefits, but it is still limited to use in human-accessible areas. There is also need for monitoring technologies in areas that are inaccessible. Military installations, which host a disproportionately large number of threatened, endangered, and at-risk species compared to other federal lands, pose the accessibility problem with sizeable impact areas that are too hazardous for humans to access. This thesis introduces the Balloon Aerial Recording System …
High Intensity Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Of Oak Compounds For Accelerated Aging Of Wines And Whiskies, Lindsay Elizabeth Rogerson
High Intensity Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Of Oak Compounds For Accelerated Aging Of Wines And Whiskies, Lindsay Elizabeth Rogerson
Masters Theses
Aging of wines and whiskies in oak barrels is a timely and expensive process which could be reduced by acceleration. The purpose of this study is to identify if the use of high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) assisted extraction as an alternative, accelerated aging method could be utilized in the production of an oak extract to be used in wine and whiskies. HIUS will also be compared to reflux and room-temperature control extraction treatments as other accelerated aging methods. Secondary objectives of this study were to compare the heat treatment of charred and toasted staves donated by an anonymous donor, their …
Impacts Of Biofumigation And Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation On Strawberry Production, Jennifer Renee’ Wheeler
Impacts Of Biofumigation And Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation On Strawberry Production, Jennifer Renee’ Wheeler
Masters Theses
Due to the phase-out of methyl bromide, there is a need for alternative, nonchemical fumigation treatments in strawberry production. Anaerobic soil disinfestation and biofumigation are two non-chemical methods for controlling soilborne plant pathogens of strawberry. This study was designed to observe strawberry fruit nutrition and soil volatiles of a strawberry field being treated with biofumigation treatments, anaerobic soil disinfestation treatments, and a combination of the two alternative methods. A trial was conducted with 11 pre-plant soil-incorporated treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 rows (blocks). Biofumigation treatments consisted of deactivated mustard meal, deoiled mustard meal, mustard pellets, …
Rooting Characteristics And Antioxidant Pigment Responses Of Three Hybrid Bermudagrass [Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon Transvaalensis Burtt- Davy] Cultivars Exposed To Drought, Cory Alan Yurisic
Masters Theses
With recent changes in global climate, water use and its conservation have become important topics of discussion. Turfgrasses for lawns, parks, and other recreational areas are often perceived negatively due to the need for irrigation. The identification of turfgrasses possessing an improved ability to withstand water deficit is an important goal in science to curb irrigation requirements in the landscape. Newly released cultivars of hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon L. x. C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) have demonstrated improved tolerance to stresses such as cold, traffic, and water deficit; however, drought resistance mechanisms of these new cultivars have been largely uninvestigated. Drought …
Insulators: A “Safety Guard” For Genome Stability In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ran An
Insulators: A “Safety Guard” For Genome Stability In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ran An
Doctoral Dissertations
Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that assist in the formation of chromatin loop structures by mediating long-range contacts between distant sites, which regulate proper organization of the chromatin fiber within the tridimensional space of the nucleus. It is considered that this function of insulators is required for the regulation of gene expression during development and in differentiated cells. This thesis focuses specifically in the Suppressor of Hairy wing [Su(Hw)] insulator of Drosophila and its associated proteins, and explores the possibility that chromatin insulators are not only significant for regulation of gene expression, but are also essential for DNA replication and …
Effectiveness Of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Induced Systemic Resistance Against Pests And Pathogens Of Tobacco And Soybeans In Tennessee, Julia Grace Ferguson
Effectiveness Of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Induced Systemic Resistance Against Pests And Pathogens Of Tobacco And Soybeans In Tennessee, Julia Grace Ferguson
Masters Theses
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are currently used as biological control agents in multiple cropping systems. EPNs also have been shown to induce resistance in some treated plant species, such as tomatoes and hostas. Recent studies where EPNs are applied to the soil have shown reduction in the number of plant parasitic nematodes and foliar nematodes. Other studies have also shown reduction in development of above-ground chewing and sucking insect pests as well as a pathogen. However, the mechanisms that cause these reductions are poorly understood. This research hypothesized that EPNs could induce resistance in tobacco and soybean plants. …
Schizophrenia: Understanding The Madness, Robert W. Slaven
Schizophrenia: Understanding The Madness, Robert W. Slaven
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Plant Root Exudates On Bacterial Chemotaxis, Quincy A. Banks
Effects Of Plant Root Exudates On Bacterial Chemotaxis, Quincy A. Banks
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Modulating Neuronal Activity: Copper, Isoproterenol, And Beta-Blockers On The Brain, Veronica Go
Modulating Neuronal Activity: Copper, Isoproterenol, And Beta-Blockers On The Brain, Veronica Go
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Isolation And Characterization Of Microbial Communities From Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids, Sheridan S. Brewer 6284984
Isolation And Characterization Of Microbial Communities From Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids, Sheridan S. Brewer 6284984
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Chloroplastic Protein Iojap Is Important For Cold-Acclimation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Amanda Louise Carey
Chloroplastic Protein Iojap Is Important For Cold-Acclimation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Amanda Louise Carey
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Genomic Diversity Of Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica From Geographically Distant Deep Marine Basins, Erika N. Youngquist
Genomic Diversity Of Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica From Geographically Distant Deep Marine Basins, Erika N. Youngquist
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Cognitive Functioning Of Drumming And Rhythm Therapy For Neurological Disorders, Logan James Deyo
Cognitive Functioning Of Drumming And Rhythm Therapy For Neurological Disorders, Logan James Deyo
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Stability Of Phosphatidylserine In The Membrane Of Yeast, Rebecca Emily Fong
Stability Of Phosphatidylserine In The Membrane Of Yeast, Rebecca Emily Fong
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
The Causative Agents Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Do They Have A Common Ancestor?, Mark B. Schneider
The Causative Agents Of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Do They Have A Common Ancestor?, Mark B. Schneider
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.