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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Picture This, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wells
Picture This, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wells
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Despite the use of planting plans and engineering drawings, many landowners find it difficult to conceptualize what a future conservation practice or system will actually look like on their landscape. This lack of understanding can create challenging barriers in the planning process and is exacerbated by the long-term commitment that many conservation systems require from landowners. Landowners often lament if they could only see a picture of the proposed action on their property, then they could make a decision. Fortunately, natural resource professionals have a tool called visual simulations to help address this dilemma.
Picture This, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wells
Picture This, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wells
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Despite the use of planting plans and engineering drawings. Many landowners find it difficult to conceptualize what a future conservation practice or system will actually look like on their landscape. This lack of understanding can create challenging barriers in the planning process and is exacerbated by the long-term commitment that many conservation systems require from landowners. Landowners often lament if they could only see a picture of the proposed action on their property, then they could make a decision. Fortunately, natural resource professionals have a tool called visual simulations to help address this dilemma.
Synthesis Of Design Guidelines And Experimental Data For Water Quality Function In Agricultural Landscapes In The Intermountain West, Susan Buffler, Craig Johnson, John Nicholson, Nancy Mesner
Synthesis Of Design Guidelines And Experimental Data For Water Quality Function In Agricultural Landscapes In The Intermountain West, Susan Buffler, Craig Johnson, John Nicholson, Nancy Mesner
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Currently, there is no scientific literature examining appropriate riparian buffer widths for water quality for streams on private agriculturally dominated lands in arid regions of the Intermountain West. The initial step in this research effort was a review of buffer research as documented in the literature in other physiographic regions of the United States. Research findings on appropriate buffer widths for water quality parameters were synthesized using a matrix format. Differences between arid and non-arid landscape characteristics, soil, topography, vegetation, climate and hydrology and their effect on buffers for water quality were also researched. The combined research findings in this …
Spatial-Temporal Population Dynamics Across Species Range: From Centre To Margin, Qinfeng Guo, Mark Taper, Michele M. Schoeneberger, James R. Brandle
Spatial-Temporal Population Dynamics Across Species Range: From Centre To Margin, Qinfeng Guo, Mark Taper, Michele M. Schoeneberger, James R. Brandle
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Understanding the boundaries of species’ ranges and the variations in population dynamics from the centre to margin of a species’ range is critical. This study simulated spatial-temporal patterns of birth and death rates and migration across a species’ range in different seasons. Our results demonstrated the importance of dispersal and migration in altering birth and death rates, balancing source and sink habitats, and governing expansion or contraction of species’ ranges in changing environments. We also showed that the multiple equilibria of metapopulations across a species’ range could be easily broken following climatic changes or physical disturbances either local or regional. …
Flow Pathways And Sediment Trapping In A Field-Scale Vegetative Filter, Matthew J. Helmers, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey, Thomas G. Franti, Jason M. Brothers, Mary Carla Mccullough
Flow Pathways And Sediment Trapping In A Field-Scale Vegetative Filter, Matthew J. Helmers, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey, Thomas G. Franti, Jason M. Brothers, Mary Carla Mccullough
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Vegetative filters (VF) are a best management practice installed in many areas to control sediment movement to water bodies. It is commonly assumed that runoff proceeds perpendicularly across a VF as sheet flow. However, there is little research information on natural pathways of water movement and performance of field-scale VF. The objectives of this study were: (1) to quantify the performance of a VF where the flow path is not controlled by artificial borders and flow path lengths are field-scale, and (2) to develop methods to detect and quantify overland flow convergence and divergence in a VF. Our hypothesis is …
Modeling Water And Sediment Trapping By Vegetated Filters Using Vfsmod: Comparing Methods For Estimating Infiltration Parameters, Amanda Fox, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey
Modeling Water And Sediment Trapping By Vegetated Filters Using Vfsmod: Comparing Methods For Estimating Infiltration Parameters, Amanda Fox, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Vegetated filters (buffers) are used to intercept overland runoff and reduce sediment and other contaminant loads to streams (Dosskey, 2001). Filters function by reducing runoff velocity and volume, thus enhancing sedimentation and infiltration. lnfiltration is the main mechanism for soluble contaminant removal, but it also plays a role in suspended particle removal. By decreasing the discharge and velocity of overland flow, infiltration causes a decrease in sediment transport capacity, and thus sedimentation is enhanced.
Although the impact of infiltration on soluble and suspended contaminant removal has not been directly documented, many researchers suggest infiltration plays a significant role (Table 1). …
Modeling Water And Sediment Trapping By Vegetated Filters Using Vfsmod: Comparing Methods For Estimating Infiltration Parameters, Amanda L. Fox, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey
Modeling Water And Sediment Trapping By Vegetated Filters Using Vfsmod: Comparing Methods For Estimating Infiltration Parameters, Amanda L. Fox, Dean E. Eisenhauer, Mike Dosskey
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
The vegetated filter strip model (VFSMOD) was used to investigate the effect of Green- Ampt infiltration parameters (found with different estimation techniques) on sediment and water trapping in vegetated filters of varying soil types. Field-measured and empirically-estimated infiltration parameters were compared. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) values were calculated with an inverse Green-Ampt equation using infiltration data measured in three vegetated filter plots located near Mead Nebraska. Also, three pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were used to empirically generate average Kfs values for each plot, based on percent sand, percent clay, and bulk density. Pedotransfer functions underestimated Kfs …
Visualizing Agroforestry Alternatives Or Pixel This!, Gary Bentrup
Visualizing Agroforestry Alternatives Or Pixel This!, Gary Bentrup
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Natural resource professionals often hear the words, “What will it look like?” from landowners who have difficulty in understanding a proposed agroforestry or conservation plan. Planting plans and engineering drawings, while necessary, often mean little to the general public. When practices require a long-term commitment like agroforestry, landowners want to know what it will actually look like on the ground before committing to a plan. Now resource professionals have a tool to translate these plans into real-life pictures or images called visual simulations. Visual simulations are digital images which have been altered to illustrate design alternatives. Using image-editing software, proposed …
Tool Time: Melding Watershed And Site Goals On Private Lands, Gary Bentrup, Michele M. Schoeneberger, Mike Dosskey, Gary Wells, Todd Kellerman
Tool Time: Melding Watershed And Site Goals On Private Lands, Gary Bentrup, Michele M. Schoeneberger, Mike Dosskey, Gary Wells, Todd Kellerman
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Creating effective agroforestry systems with broad public support requires simultaneously addressing landowner and societal goals while paying respect to ecological processes that cross spatial and political boundaries. To meet this challenge, a variety of planning and design tools are needed that are straight-forward and flexible enough to accommodate the range of issues and the many individual decision-making processes involved. In this paper, we offer some principles that should be considered when developing planning and design tools for agroforestry. To illustrate how these principles might be used, we will present a few tools from the Comprehensive Conservation Buffer Planning project at …
Inventorying Trees In Agricultural Landscapes: Towards An Accounting Of Working Trees, C. H. Perry, C. W. Woodall, Michele M. Schoeneberger
Inventorying Trees In Agricultural Landscapes: Towards An Accounting Of Working Trees, C. H. Perry, C. W. Woodall, Michele M. Schoeneberger
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Agroforestry plantings and other trees intentionally established in rural and urban areas are emerging as innovative management options for addressing resource issues and achieving landscape-level goals. An understanding of the contributions from these and future plantings would provide critical information to policy and program developers, and a comprehensive inventory would contribute to estimating the cumulative effects of these plantings. Trees used in these practices are not explicitly inventoried by either of the two primary national natural resource inventories: the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service and the National Resources Inventory (NRI) of the USDA Natural …
Agroforestry-Working Trees For Sequestering Carbon On Ag-Lands, Michele M. Schoeneberger
Agroforestry-Working Trees For Sequestering Carbon On Ag-Lands, Michele M. Schoeneberger
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Agroforestry is an appealing option for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands because it can sequester significant amounts of carbon while leaving the bulk of the land in agricultural production. Simultaneously, it can help landowners and society address many other issues, such as economic diversification, biodiversity, and water quality, facing these lands. Nonetheless, agroforestry remains under-recognized as a greenhouse gas mitigation option for agriculture in the US. Reasons for this include the limited information base and tools agroforestry can currently offer compared to the decade’s worth of investment in agriculture and forestry, and to agroforestry’s cross-cutting nature that puts it at …
Placement Of Riparian Forest Buffers To Improve Water Quality, Mark D. Tomer, Mike Dosskey, Michael R. Burkart, David E. James, Matthew J. Helmers, Dean E. Eisenhauer
Placement Of Riparian Forest Buffers To Improve Water Quality, Mark D. Tomer, Mike Dosskey, Michael R. Burkart, David E. James, Matthew J. Helmers, Dean E. Eisenhauer
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Riparian forest buffers can improve stream water quality, provided they intercept and remove contaminants from surface runoff and/or shallow groundwater. Soils, topography, hydrology, and surficial geology determine the capability of forest buffers to intercept and treat these flows. This paper describes landscape analysis techniques for identifying and mapping locations where forest buffers can effectively improve water quality. One technique employs soil survey and climate information to rate soil map units for how effectively a buffer would treat runoff. Results can be used to compare map units for relative effectiveness of buffer installations to improve water quality and, accordingly, to prioritize …
Second Report Of The North Dakota Bird Records Committee: 2002-2003, Dan Svingen, Ron E. Martin
Second Report Of The North Dakota Bird Records Committee: 2002-2003, Dan Svingen, Ron E. Martin
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Since 1979, North Dakota's bird records committee has collected, evaluated, and archived documentations of rare bird occurrences in the state. In 2002 and 2003 this committee resolved 202 rare bird records. On the basis of this review, seven species were added to the North Dakota state bird list: common crane (Grus grus) , lesser black-backed gull (Larus juscus), acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes jormicivorus), plumbeous vireo (Vireo plumbeus), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), and Cassin's finch (Carpodacus cassinii). Evidence was accepted that established Northern saw-whet …
Seasonal Leaf Dynamics Across A Tree Density Gradient In A Brazilian Savanna, William A. Hoffman, Edson Rangel Da Silva Jr., Gustavo C. Machado, Sandra J. Bucci, Fabian G. Scholz, Guillermo Goldstein, Frederick C. Meinzer
Seasonal Leaf Dynamics Across A Tree Density Gradient In A Brazilian Savanna, William A. Hoffman, Edson Rangel Da Silva Jr., Gustavo C. Machado, Sandra J. Bucci, Fabian G. Scholz, Guillermo Goldstein, Frederick C. Meinzer
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Interactions between trees and grasses that influence leaf area index (LAI) have important consequences for savanna ecosystem processes through their controls on water, carbon, and energy fluxes as well as fire regimes. We measured LAI, of the groundlayer (herbaceous and woody plants <1-m tall) and shrub and tree layer (woody plants >1-m tall), in the Brazilian cerrado over a range of tree densities from open shrub savanna to closed woodland through the annual cycle. During the dry season, soil water potential was strongly and positively correlated with grass LAI, and less strongly with tree and shrub LAI. By the end of the dry season, LAI of grasses, groundlayer dicots …
Seasonal Migration And Home Ranges Of Female Elk In The Black Hills Of South Dakota And Wyoming, Lakhdar Benkobi, Mark A. Rumble, Cynthia H. Stubblefield, R. Scott Gamo, Joshua J. Millspaugh
Seasonal Migration And Home Ranges Of Female Elk In The Black Hills Of South Dakota And Wyoming, Lakhdar Benkobi, Mark A. Rumble, Cynthia H. Stubblefield, R. Scott Gamo, Joshua J. Millspaugh
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Understanding the movement and dispersion patterns of elk (Cervus elaphus) on public lands and the underlying factors that affect each will facilitate elk management and help resolve conflicts between management that benefit elk and other uses of land resources. Consequently, there is a need to identify and examine the movement and dispersion patterns of elk in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Our study quantified seasonal movements, determined home ranges of female elk in two areas of the Black Hills, and examined underlying factors associated with each. Elk in the northern area did not demonstrate seasonal …
Science Priorities For Reducing The Threat Of Invasive Species To Sustainable Forestry, Elizabeth A. Chornesky, Ann M. Bartuska, Gregory H. Aplet, Kerry O. Britton, Jane Cummings-Carlson, Frank W. Davis, Jessica Eskow, Doria R. Gordon, Kurt W. Gottschalk, Robert A. Haack, Andrew J. Hansen, Richard N. Mack, Frank J. Rahel, Margaret A. Shannon, Lisa A. Wainger, T. Bently Wigley
Science Priorities For Reducing The Threat Of Invasive Species To Sustainable Forestry, Elizabeth A. Chornesky, Ann M. Bartuska, Gregory H. Aplet, Kerry O. Britton, Jane Cummings-Carlson, Frank W. Davis, Jessica Eskow, Doria R. Gordon, Kurt W. Gottschalk, Robert A. Haack, Andrew J. Hansen, Richard N. Mack, Frank J. Rahel, Margaret A. Shannon, Lisa A. Wainger, T. Bently Wigley
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Invasive species pose a major, yet poorly addressed, threat to sustainable forestry. Here we set forth an interdisciplinary science strategy of research, development, and applications to reduce this threat. To spur action by public and private entities that too often are slow, reluctant, or unable to act, we recommend (a) better integrating invasive species into sustainable forestry frameworks such as the Montréal Process and forest certification programs; (b) developing improved cost estimates to inform choices about international trade and pest suppression efforts; and (c) building distributed information systems that deliver information on risks, identification, and response strategies. To enhance the …
A Retrospective Analysis Of Known And Potential Risks Associated With Exotic Toadflax-Feeding Insects, Sharlene E. Sing, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver, Richard W. Hansen, George P. Markin
A Retrospective Analysis Of Known And Potential Risks Associated With Exotic Toadflax-Feeding Insects, Sharlene E. Sing, Robert K.D. Peterson, David K. Weaver, Richard W. Hansen, George P. Markin
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
To date, eight exotic toadflax-feeding insect species have been accidentally or intentionally introduced to North America. Reports on their establishment and impact have been recorded for more than 60 years. Environmental risks linked to biological control of toadflax were identified in terms of host resources and undesirable impacts on the target species through the critical review of this record. Data gaps revealed during this retrospective analysis are addressed through suggestions for future research and associated experimental methodologies. Known and potential impacts of toadflax-feeding insects on both invasive toadflax and non-target species are examined. Recent programmatic demands for demonstrated agent efficacy …
Environmental Quality Incentives Program Contributions To Fish And Wildlife Conservation, Mark W. Berkland, Charles A. Rewa
Environmental Quality Incentives Program Contributions To Fish And Wildlife Conservation, Mark W. Berkland, Charles A. Rewa
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is a voluntary program whereby the U.S. Department of Agriculture provides technical and financial assistance to active farmers and ranchers to address natural resource concerns such as soil conservation, water quality and quantity, nutrient management, and fish and wildlife habitat. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is working with these landowners to maximize the environmental benefits gained for the expenditures made in the program. Funding has expanded significantly under the 2002 Farm Bill, with the amount of annual funding authorized reaching $1.3 billion by fiscal year 2007. The EQIP has been used to implement …
Fish And Wildlife Benefits Of The Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, Randall L. Gray, Sally J. Benjamin, Charles A. Rewa
Fish And Wildlife Benefits Of The Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, Randall L. Gray, Sally J. Benjamin, Charles A. Rewa
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Th e Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) is a voluntary program that encourages the establishment and enhancement of a wide variety of fish and wildlife habitats of national, state, tribal, or local significance. Through voluntary agreements, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) provides financial and technical assistance to participants who installed habitat restoration and management practices. Since 1998, nearly $150 million has been dedicated to the program and over 2.8 million acres involving over 18,000 contracts have been enrolled. A wide range of habitat-enhancement actions are cost-shared through the program, affecting hundreds of target and non-target species. While few quantitative …
The Conservation Security Program: A New Conservation Program That Rewards Historic Land Stewards Who Have Applied And Managed Effective Conservation Systems, Hank Henry
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
The Conservation Security Program (CSP) is a voluntary program that provides financial and technical assistance to promote the conservation and improvement of soil, water, air, energy, plant and animal life, and other conservation purposes on tribal and private working lands. Working lands include cropland, grassland, prairie land, improved pasture, and rangeland, as well as forested land that is an incidental part of an agriculture operation. In the first sign-up, CSP was offered in 18 watersheds located in 22 states. In 2005, the program is available in all 50 states, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. The program provides equitable access …
Wildlife Benefi Ts Of The Wetlands Reserve Program, Charles A. Rewa
Wildlife Benefi Ts Of The Wetlands Reserve Program, Charles A. Rewa
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Since its initial authorization in 1990, more than 1.6 million acres of primarily drained or degraded wetlands on agricultural lands have been enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and its partners are working with landowners to restore these lands to ecologically productive wetland and upland buffer habitats. Numerous studies have documented the value of restored and created wetlands to fish and wildlife resources. However, few objective studies have been completed that document fish and wildlife response to wetlands enrolled in and restored through WRP. Preliminary results of some …
Biology And Biological Control Of Knapweed, Linda M. Wilson, Carol Bell Randall
Biology And Biological Control Of Knapweed, Linda M. Wilson, Carol Bell Randall
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
The knapweeds comprise a diverse complex of species that predominantly infest rangelands in the western United States and Canada. This manual considers the biological control of six species of knapweeds: 1) spotted knapweed, 2) diffuse knapweed, 3) squarrose knapweed, 4) meadow knapweed, 5) black knapweed, and 6) brown knapweed. Spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe, is perhaps the most widespread species, followed in abundance by diffuse knapweed, C. diffusa. A third species, squarrose knapweed, C. virgata var. squarrosa, has a more limited distribution in the West. Three less widespread species, meadow (C. pratensis), brown (C. jacea …
The Lymantria Dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus Enhancins Are Components Of Occlusion-Derived Virus, James M. Slavicek, Holly J.R. Popham
The Lymantria Dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus Enhancins Are Components Of Occlusion-Derived Virus, James M. Slavicek, Holly J.R. Popham
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
Enhancins are metalloproteinases, first identified in granuloviruses, that can enhance nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) potency. We had previously identified two enhancin genes (E1 and E2) in the Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid NPV (LdMNPV) and showed that both were functional. For this study, we have extended our analysis of LdMNPV enhancin genes through an immunocytochemical analysis of E1 and E2 expression and localization. E1 and E2 peptide antibodies recognized proteins of 84 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively, on Western blots of extracts from L. dispar 652Y cells infected with wild-type virus. The 84- and 90-kDa proteins were first detected at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) …
Ams Dates From Four Late Prehistoric Period Rock Art Sites In West Central Montana, Sara A. Scott, Carl M. Davis, Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Tom Guilderson
Ams Dates From Four Late Prehistoric Period Rock Art Sites In West Central Montana, Sara A. Scott, Carl M. Davis, Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Tom Guilderson
USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications
In 2002, eight pigment samples were collected from three rock art sites in the Big Belt Mountains of west central Montana. Samples from Hellgate Gulch (24BW9), Avalanche Mouth (24BW19), and the Gates of the Mountains (24LC27) were dated using plasma-chemical extraction and accelerator mass spectrometry. The dates were statistically indistinguishable with ages of 1170 ± 45, 1225 ± 50, and 1280 ± 50 B.P. When calibrated, these ages range from 650 to 990 cal A.D. This corresponds to the early Late Prehistoric period on the Northwestern Plains. An oxalate accretion sample overlying a painted area at another site, Big Log …