Life Sciences Commons^™

A Low-Intensity, Hybrid Design Between A "Traditional" And A "Course-Based" Research Experience Yields Positive Outcomes For Science Undergraduate Freshmen And Shows Potential For Large-Scale Application, Thushani Rodrigo-Peiris, Lin Xiang, Vincent M. Cassone

Biology Faculty Publications

Based on positive student outcomes, providing research experiences from early undergraduate years is recommended for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors. To this end, we designed a novel research experience called the “STEMCats Research Experience” (SRE) for a cohort of 119 second-semester freshmen with diverse college preparatory levels, demographics, and academic majors. The SRE targeted student outcomes of enhancing retention in STEM majors, STEM competency development, and STEM academic performance. It was designed as a hybrid of features from apprenticeship-based traditional undergraduate research experience and course-based undergraduate research experience designs, considering five factors: 1) an authentic research experience, 2) …

Cellulose-Specific Type B Carbohydrate Binding Modules: Understanding Oligomeric And Non-Crystalline Substrate Recognition Mechanisms, Abhishek A. Kognole, Christina M. Payne

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Effective enzymatic degradation of crystalline polysaccharides requires a synergistic cocktail of hydrolytic enzymes tailored to the wide-ranging degree of substrate crystallinity. To accomplish this type of targeted carbohydrate recognition, nature produces multi-modular enzymes, having at least one catalytic domain appended to one or more carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). The Type B CBM categorization encompasses several families (i.e., protein folds) of CBMs that are generally thought to selectively bind oligomeric polysaccharides; however, a subset of cellulose-specific CBM families (17 and 28) appear to bind non-crystalline cellulose more tightly than oligomers and in a manner that discriminates between surface topology.

Results: …

Hdl In Endocrine Carcinomas: Biomarker, Drug Carrier, And Potential Therapeutic, Emily E. Morin, Xiang-An Li, Anna Schwendeman

Physiology Faculty Publications

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) have long been studied for their protective role against cardiovascular diseases, however recently relationship between HDL and cancer came into focus. Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cancer risk, and some have even implied that HDL-C can be used as a predictive measure for survival prognosis in for specific sub-population of certain types of cancer. HDL itself is an endogenous nanoparticle capable of removing excess cholesterol from the periphery and returning it to the liver for excretion. One of the main receptors for HDL, scavenger receptor type B-I (SR-BI), is highly …

Macrophage-Derived Netrin-1 Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation By Activating Mmp3 In Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Tarik Hadi, Ludovic Boytard, Michele Silvestro, Dornazsadat Alebrahim, Samson Jacob, Jordyn Feinstein, Krista Barone, Wes Spiro, Susan Hutchison, Russell Simon, Debra L. Rateri, Florence Pinet, David Fenyo, Mark Adelman, Kathryn J. Moore, Holger K. Eltzschig, Alan Daugherty, Bhama Ramkhelawon

Physiology Faculty Publications

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) fragmentation and inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which these events are coupled thereby fueling focal vascular damage are undefined. Here we report through single-cell RNA-sequencing of diseased aorta that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 can act at the interface of macrophage-driven injury and ECM degradation. Netrin-1 expression peaks in human and murine aneurysmal macrophages. Targeted deletion of netrin-1 in macrophages protects mice from developing AAA. Through its receptor neogenin-1, netrin-1 induces a robust intracellular calcium flux necessary for the transcriptional regulation and persistent catalytic activation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) …

Comparison Between Kinetic And Kinetic-Kinematic Driven Knee Joint Finite Element Models, Paul O. Bolcos, Mika E. Mononen, Ali Mohammadi, Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi, Matthew S. Tanaka, Michael A. Samaan, Richard B. Souza, Xiaojuan Li, Juha-Sampo Suomalainen, Jukka S. Jurvelin, Juha Töyräs, Rami K. Korhonen

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Use of knee joint finite element models for diagnostic purposes is challenging due to their complexity. Therefore, simpler models are needed for studies where a high number of patients need to be analyzed, without compromising the results of the model. In this study, more complex, kinetic (forces and moments) and simpler, kinetic-kinematic (forces and angles) driven finite element models were compared during the stance phase of gait. Patella and tendons were included in the most complex model, while they were absent in the simplest model. The greatest difference between the most complex and simplest models was observed in the internal-external …

Minimal Information For Studies Of Extracellular Vesicles 2018 (Misev2018): A Position Statement Of The International Society For Extracellular Vesicles And Update Of The Misev2014 Guidelines, Clotilde Théry, Kenneth W. Witwer, Elena Aikawa, Maria Jose Alcaraz, Johnathon D. Anderson, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, Anna Antoniou, Tanina Arab, Fabienne Archer, Georgia K. Atkin-Smith, D. Craig Ayre, Jean-Marie Bach, Daniel Bachurski, Hossein Baharvand, Leonora Balaj, Shawn Baldacchino, Natalie N. Bauer, Amy A. Baxter, Mary Bebawy, Carla Beckham, Apolonija Bedina Zavec, Adberrahim Benmoussa, Anna C. Berardi, Paolo Bergese, Ewa Bielska, Cherie Blenkiron, Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz, Eric Boilard, Wilfred Boireau, Antonella Bongiovanni, Ivan Vechetti

Physiology Faculty Publications

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines …

Mitochondrial Metabolism In Major Neurological Diseases, Zhengqiu Zhou, Grant L. Austin, Lyndsay E. A. Young, Lance A. Johnson, Ramon Sun

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are bilayer sub-cellular organelles that are an integral part of normal cellular physiology. They are responsible for producing the majority of a cell’s ATP, thus supplying energy for a variety of key cellular processes, especially in the brain. Although energy production is a key aspect of mitochondrial metabolism, its role extends far beyond energy production to cell signaling and epigenetic regulation–functions that contribute to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy. Recent research on neurological disorders suggest a major metabolic component in disease pathophysiology, and mitochondria have been shown to be in the center of metabolic dysregulation and possibly …

Expanded Genetic Screening In Caenorhabditis Elegans Identifies New Regulators And An Inhibitory Role For Nad+ In Axon Regeneration, Kyung Won Kim, Ngana Heok Tang, Christopher A. Piggott, Matthew G. Andrusiak, Seungmee Park, Ming Zhu, Naina Kurup, Salvatore J. Cherra Iii, Zilu Wu, Andrew D. Chisholm, Yishi Jin

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

The mechanisms underlying axon regeneration in mature neurons are relevant to the understanding of normal nervous system maintenance and for developing therapeutic strategies for injury. Here, we report novel pathways in axon regeneration, identified by extending our previous function-based screen using the C. elegans mechanosensory neuron axotomy model. We identify an unexpected role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) synthesizing enzyme, NMAT-2/NMNAT, in axon regeneration. NMAT-2 inhibits axon regrowth via cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. NMAT-2 enzymatic activity is required to repress regrowth. Further, we find differential requirements for proteins in membrane contact site, components and regulators of the …

H3k9 Methyltransferases And Demethylases Control Lung Tumor-Propagating Cells And Lung Cancer Progression, S. P. Rowbotham, F Li, A. F. M. Dost, S. M. Louie, B. P. Marsh, P. Pessina, C. R. Anbarasu, Christine Fillmore Brainson, S. J. Tuminello, A. Lieberman, S. Ryeom, T. M. Schlaeger, B. J. Aronow, H. Watanabe, K. K. Wong, C. F. Kim

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Epigenetic regulators are attractive anticancer targets, but the promise of therapeutic strategies inhibiting some of these factors has not been proven in vivo or taken into account tumor cell heterogeneity. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase G9a, reported to be a therapeutic target in many cancers, is a suppressor of aggressive lung tumor-propagating cells (TPCs). Inhibition of G9a drives lung adenocarcinoma cells towards the TPC phenotype by de-repressing genes which regulate the extracellular matrix. Depletion of G9a during tumorigenesis enriches tumors in TPCs and accelerates disease progression metastasis. Depleting histone demethylases represses G9a-regulated genes and TPC phenotypes. Demethylase inhibition …

Quantitative Gadolinium-Free Cardiac Fibrosis Imaging In End Stage Renal Disease Patients Reveals A Longitudinal Correlation With Structural And Functional Decline, Tori A. Stromp, Tyler J. Spear, Rebecca M. Holtkamp, Kristin N. Andres, Joshua C. Kaine, Wissam H. Alghuraibawi, Steve W. Leung, Brandon K. Fornwalt, Moriel H. Vandsburger

Physiology Faculty Publications

Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer high mortality from arrhythmias linked to fibrosis, but are contraindicated to late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present a quantitative method for gadolinium-free cardiac fibrosis imaging using magnetization transfer (MT) weighted MRI, and probe correlations with widely used surrogate markers including cardiac structure and contractile function in patients with ESRD. In a sub-group of patients who returned for follow-up imaging after one year, we examine the correlation between changes in fibrosis and ventricular structure/function. Quantification of changes in MT revealed significantly greater fibrotic burden in patients with ESRD compared to …

The Effect Of Coronal Prosthetic Alignment Changes On Socket Reaction Moments, Spatiotemporal Parameters, And Perception Of Alignment During Gait In Individuals With Transtibial Amputation, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Toshiki Kobayashi, Fan Gao, Masataka Kataoka, Kuniharu Okuda

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Introduction: The alignment of a prosthesis is clinically determined based on observations by clinicians and the subjective perception of amputees during gait. However, this process has been reported to be unreliable. Socket reaction moment has been reported to be significantly impacted by alignment changes, but the impact of these alignment changes on other gait parameters is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coronal alignment changes of a transtibial prosthesis on socket reaction moment, spatiotemporal parameters, and perceptions of alignment during gait in amputees.

Methods: Nine individuals with transtibial amputation participated in this study. Socket …

The Local Food System Vitality Index: A Pilot Analysis To Demonstrate A Process For Measuring System Performance And Development, Jairus J. Rossi, Timothy A. Woods, Alison F. Davis

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Identifying successful development priorities for local food systems (LFSs) is a challenge for pro­ducers, LFS advocates, Extension agents, and policymakers. Consumer perceptions and prefer­ences regarding what constitutes an active, healthy, and vibrant LFS often differ within and between diverse communities. Producers, development entities, and others would benefit from rapid assessment processes that provide detailed information on consumer preferences and potential market opportunities within their LFS.

In this paper, we introduce the analytic possi­bilities of our Local Food System Vitality Index (LFSVI). Using data collected from a pilot survey in Lexington, Kentucky, we rapidly assess the per­formance of 20 different components …

Improved Reference Genome For The Domestic Horse Increases Assembly Contiguity And Composition, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Edward S. Rice, Michael S. Depriest Jr., Brian P. Walenz, Matthew S. Hestand, Joris R. Vermeesch, Brendan L. O'Connell, Ian T. Fiddes, Alisa O. Vershinina, Nedda F. Saremi, Jessica L. Petersen, Carrie J. Finno, Rebecca R. Bellone, Molly E Mccue, Samantha A. Brooks, Ernest Bailey, Ludovic Orlando, Richard E. Green, Donald C. Miller, Douglas F. Antczak, James N. Macleod

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology and computational assembly methods have allowed scientists to improve reference genome assemblies in terms of contiguity and composition. EquCab2, a reference genome for the domestic horse, was released in 2007. Although of equal or better quality compared to other first-generation Sanger assemblies, it had many of the shortcomings common to them. In 2014, the equine genomics research community began a project to improve the reference sequence for the horse, building upon the solid foundation of EquCab2 and incorporating new short-read data, long-read data, and proximity ligation data. Here, we present EquCab3. The count of …

Waardenburg Syndrome And Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava, Driss Raissi, Alexander Christie, Kimberly Applegate

Radiology Faculty Publications

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder secondary to neural crest cell developmental abnormalities. It is predominantly described as an auditory-pigmentary syndrome with diverse patient presentation, typically involving congenital sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentation abnormalities of the skin, hair, and iris. Other developmental abnormalities that may be associated with this syndrome are Hirschsprung's disease and a myriad of cardiovascular congenital defects. We present a case of a young girl with WS who found to have a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into the coronary sinus. The prevalence of PLSVC is increased in patients with chromosomal and genetic …

Meta-Analysis Challenges A Textbook Example Of Status Signalling And Demonstrates Publication Bias, Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar, Shinichi Nakagawa, Moisès Sánchez-Fortún, Dominic A. Martin, Sukanya Ramani, Antje Girndt, Veronika Bókony, Bart Kempenaers, András Liker, David F. Westneat, Terry Burke, Julia Schroeder

Biology Faculty Publications

The status signalling hypothesis aims to explain within-species variation in ornamentation by suggesting that some ornaments signal dominance status. Here, we use multilevel meta-analytic models to challenge the textbook example of this hypothesis, the black bib of male house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We conducted a systematic review, and obtained primary data from published and unpublished studies to test whether dominance rank is positively associated with bib size across studies. Contrary to previous studies, the overall effect size (i.e. meta-analytic mean) was small and uncertain. Furthermore, we found several biases in the literature that further question the support available …

Myeloablative Vs Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation For Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Saurabh Chhabra, Kwang Woo Ahn, Zhen-Huan Hu, Sandeep Jain, Amer Assal, Jan Cerny, Edward A. Copelan, Andrew Daly, Zachariah Defilipp, Shahinaz M Gadalla, Robert Peter Gale, Siddhartha Ganguly, Betty K. Hamilton, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Jack W. Hsu, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Abraham S. Kanate, H. Jean Khoury, Hillard M. Lazarus, Mark R. Litzow, Sunita Nathan, Richard F. Olsson, Attaphol Pawarode, Olle Ringden, Jacob M. Rowe, Ayman Saad, Bipin N. Savani, Harry C. Schouten, Sachiko Seo, Nirav N. Shah

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimal conditioning intensity for allo-HCT for CML in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is unknown. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we sought to determine whether reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning (RIC) allo-HCT and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) result in similar outcomes in CML patients. We evaluated 1395 CML allo-HCT recipients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. The disease status at transplant was divided into the following categories: chronic phase 1, chronic phase 2 or greater, and accelerated phase. Patients …

Snare-Dependent Membrane Fusion Initiates Α-Granule Matrix Decondensation In Mouse Platelets, Irina D. Pokrovskaya, Smita Joshi, Michael Tobin, Rohan Desai, Maria A. Aronova, Jeffrey A. Kamykowski, Guofeng Zhang, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Richard D. Leapman, Brian Storrie

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Platelet α-granule cargo release is fundamental to both hemostasis and thrombosis. Granule matrix hydration is a key regulated step in this process, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. In endothelial cells, there is evidence for 2 modes of cargo release: a jack-in-the-box mechanism of hydration-dependent protein phase transitions and an actin-driven granule constriction/extrusion mechanism. The third alternative considered is a prefusion, channel-mediated granule swelling, analogous to the membrane “ballooning” seen in procoagulant platelets. Using thrombin-stimulated platelets from a set of secretion-deficient, soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) mutant mice and various ultrastructural approaches, we tested predictions of these …

Modulation Of Auxin And Cytokinin Responses By Early Steps Of The Phenylpropanoid Pathway, Jasmina Kurepa, Timothy E. Shull, Sumudu S. Karunadasa, Jan A. Smalle

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The phenylpropanoid pathway is responsible for the synthesis of numerous compounds important for plant growth and responses to the environment. In the first committed step of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) deaminates L-phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid that is then converted into p-coumaric acid by cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H). Recent studies showed that the Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) protein family of ubiquitin ligases control phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by promoting the proteolysis of PAL. However, this ubiquitin ligase family, alternatively named Kiss Me Deadly (KMD), was also implicated in cytokinin signaling as it was shown to promote the degradation of …

Development Of A Diagnostic Marker For Phlebotomus Papatasi To Initiate A Potential Vector Surveillance Program In North America, Austin Merchant, Tian Yu, Jizhe Shi, Xuguo Zhou

Entomology Faculty Publications

Phlebotomus papatasi, an Old World sand fly species, is primarily responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis, a highly infectious and potentially lethal disease. International travel, especially military rotations, between domestic locations and P. papatasi-prevalent regions in the Middle East poses an imminent threat to the public health of US citizens. Because of its small size and cryptic morphology, identification of P. papatasi is challenging and labor-intensive. Here, we developed a ribosomal DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assay that is capable of detecting P. papatasi genomic DNA from mixed samples containing multiple sand flies native to the Americas. Serial …

A Common Genetic Mechanism Underlies Morphological Diversity In Fruits And Other Plant Organs, Shan Wu, Biyao Zhang, Neda Keyhaninejad, Gustavo R. Rodríguez, Hyun Jung Kim, Manohar Chakrabarti, Eudald Illa-Berenguer, Nathan K. Taitano, M. J. Gonzalo, Aurora Díaz, Yupeng Pan, Courtney P. Leisner, Dennis Halterman, C. Robin Buell, Yiqun Weng, Shelley H. Jansky, Herman Van Eck, Johan Willemsen, Antonio J Monforte, Tea Meulia, Esther Van Der Knaap

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Shapes of edible plant organs vary dramatically among and within crop plants. To explain and ultimately employ this variation towards crop improvement, we determined the genetic, molecular and cellular bases of fruit shape diversity in tomato. Through positional cloning, protein interaction studies, and genome editing, we report that OVATE Family Proteins and TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins regulate cell division patterns in ovary development to alter final fruit shape. The physical interactions between the members of these two families are necessary for dynamic relocalization of the protein complexes to different cellular compartments when expressed in tobacco leaf cells. Together with data …

Analysis Of Environment-Marker Associations In American Chestnut, Markus Müller, Charles Dana Nelson, Oliver Gailing

Forest Health Research and Education Center Faculty Publications

American chestnut (Castanea dentata Borkh.) was a dominant tree species in its native range in eastern North America until the accidentally introduced fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, that causes chestnut blight, led to a collapse of the species. Different approaches (e.g., genetic engineering or conventional breeding) are being used to fight against chestnut blight and to reintroduce the species with resistant planting stock. Because of large climatic differences within the distribution area of American chestnut, successful reintroduction of the species requires knowledge and consideration of local adaptation to the prevailing environmental conditions. Previous studies revealed clear patterns of genetic …

Fractionation And Characterization Of Lignin Streams From Unique High-Lignin Content Endocarp Feedstocks, Wenqi Li, Kirtley Amos, Mi Li, Yunqiao Pu, Seth Debolt, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Jian Shi

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Lignin is a promising source of building blocks for upgrading to valuable aromatic chemicals and materials. Endocarp biomass represents a non-edible crop residue in an existing agricultural setting which cannot be used as animal feed nor soil amendment. With significantly higher lignin content and bulk energy density, endo-carps have significant advantages to be converted into both biofuel and bioproducts as compared to other biomass resources. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is highly effective in fractionating lignin from a variety of biomass feedstocks with high yield and purity while at lower cost comparing to certain ionic liquids.

Results: In the present …

Intranasal Rapamycin Ameliorates Alzheimer-Like Cognitive Decline In A Mouse Model Of Down Syndrome, Antonella Tramutola, Chiara Lanzillotta, Eugenio Barone, Andrea Arena, Ilaria Zuliani, Luciana Mosca, Carla Blarzino, D. Allan Butterfield, Marzia Perluigi, Fabio Di Domenico

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Background: Down syndrome (DS) individuals, by the age of 40s, are at increased risk to develop Alzheimer-like dementia, with deposition in brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our laboratory recently demonstrated the disturbance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in DS brain, prior and after the development of Alzheimer Disease (AD). The aberrant modulation of the mTOR signalling in DS and AD age-related cognitive decline affects crucial neuronal pathways, including insulin signaling and autophagy, involved in pathology onset and progression. Within this context, the therapeutic use of mTOR-inhibitors may prevent/attenuate the neurodegenerative phenomena. By our work we aimed to rescue mTOR signalling …

2018 – 2019 Kentucky Agricultural Economic Situation And Outlook, Kenneth H. Burdine, Todd D. Davis, Jerry Pierce, William M. Snell, Timothy A. Woods, Jeffrey W. Stringer

Agricultural Situation and Outlook

This publication covers the situation and outlook for 2018-2019 in the following areas:

• U.S. Agricultural Economy;
• Kentucky’s Agricultural Economy;
• Selected Commodity Profiles - Cattle; Poultry; Hogs; Equine; Dairy; Corn; Soybeans; Wheat; Tobacco; Fruits, Vegetables and Greenhouse; and
• Forestry.

Forage News [2018-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Heart of America Conference - Jan. 22-23, 2019
• USDA Hay Markets - October 30, 2018
• Grazing Too Short in Fall and Winter Can Mean More Weeds in the Spring
• Forage Identification Book Now Available
• Utilizing Cost Share for Farm Improvements
• Late Fall Nitrogen Benefits Horse and Cattle Pastures

Isobavachalcone Sensitizes Cells To E2-Induced Paclitaxel Resistance By Down-Regulating Cd44 Expression In Er+ Breast Cancer Cells, Junfeng Shi, Yi Chen, Wenxing Chen, Cuiju Tang, Honghong Zhang, Yuetong Chen, Xiuwei H. Yang, Zhi Xu, Jingsun Wei, Jinfei Chen

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Oestrogen receptor (ER) is expressed in approximately 60%‐70% of human breast cancer. Clinical trials and retrospective analyses have shown that ER‐positive (ER+) tumours are more tolerant to chemotherapeutic drug resistance than ER‐negative (ER−) tumours. In addition, isobavachalcone (IBC) is known as a kind of phytoestrogen with antitumour effect. However, the underlying mechanism of IBC in ER+ breast cancer needs to be elucidated further. Our in vitro experiments showed that IBC could attenuate 17β‐estradiol (E₂)‐induced paclitaxel resistance and that E₂ could stimulate CD44 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells but not in ER− cells. Meanwhile, E₂ could …

Impact Of Observed And Controlled Water Intake On Reticulorumen Temperature In Lactating Dairy Cattle, Melissa C. Cantor, Joao H. C. Costa, Jeffrey M. Bewley

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Dairy precision technologies helps producers monitor individual animals. Reticulorumen temperature boluses are a way to monitor core body temperature; however, factors such as water intake affects reticulorumen temperature. This research determined the effect of natural water intake and a controlled water drench on reticulorumen temperature (RT) in dairy cattle. In observational study part 1, tie- stall cows (n = 4) with RT transponders were observed for natural water intake (recorded by in line water meters) for 48 h. In experiment part 2, a randomized Latin square design with cows (n = 12) restricted on feed for 4 h, …

Hyperhomocysteinemia As A Risk Factor For Vascular Contributions To Cognitive Impairment And Dementia, Brittani R. Price, Donna M. Wilcock, Erica M. Weekman

Physiology Faculty Publications

Behind only Alzheimer’s disease, vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common cause of dementia, affecting roughly 10–40% of dementia patients. While there is no cure for VCID, several risk factors for VCID, such as diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, have been identified. Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine, termed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), are a major, yet underrecognized, risk factor for VCID. B vitamin deficiency, which is the most common cause of HHcy, is common in the elderly. With B vitamin supplementation being a relatively safe and inexpensive therapeutic, the treatment of HHcy-induced VCID would seem straightforward; however, …

Managing Risk In Grazing Operations, Christopher D. Teutsch, Kenneth H. Burdine

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Risk is an inherent part of agricultural production systems. Crane and coworkers (2013) identified five primary areas of risk in grazing operations: 1) MARKETING risk, 2) PRODUCTION risk, 3) LEGAL risk, 4) HUMAN risk, and FINANCIAL risk. These types of risk are described in the accompanying publication entitled “Controlling Risk in Grazing-Based Production Systems” by J. Parsons. This article will discuss the risk associated with “production” in grazing systems, focusing specifically on managing drought in grass based production operations.

Keys To Optimizing Profitability In Cow-Calf Production -- Rooster's Beef, 3 Generations Of Farming & Beef, William Slaton, Becky Slaton

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Rooster's Beef ultimately began with our family farm -Rocky Bluff Farm - now owned by William and Becky Slaton. It is the cattle producer for our beef sold. The farm is named after two Natural Rock Formations on our property. We have several acres of pasture and including some wooded acres. With rotational grazing and intense management, we are able to have 65 cows in a spring calving group, 15 cows in a fall calving group, 3 bulls, 13 replacement heifers, unweaned calves and 12 calves on finisher feed. We also rent ground to raise and put up our own …